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Fishes
Special Issues
Natural and Environmental Sex Reversal in Aquatic Animals
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Natural and Environmental Sex Reversal in Aquatic Animals

A special issue of Fishes (ISSN 2410-3888).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 February 2024) | Viewed by 3514

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Dong-Neng Jiang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
Interests: reproduction; development; genetics; sex determination and differentiation; aquaculture
Dr. Hong-Wei Yan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
Interests: sex determination and differentiation; development; reproduction
Dr. Li-Min Wu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
Interests: sex determination and differentiation; reproduction; development; oogenesis; gynogenesis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Sex determination and differentiation is a basic scientific question that attracts great research attention from biologists. Fish is the largest and oldest group of vertebrates. The fish sex system includes gonochorism and hermaphroditism. The majority of the fish species are the former type. Fish exhibits sex plasticity as natural and environmental- factors induce sex reversal. Brain-pituitary-gonadal axis plays an important role in controlling fish sex reversal. The fish’s sex is determined by genetic factors, environmental, or a combination of both factors. The sex reversal of the gonochorism fish with a genetic sex determination system could be divided into two types, primary sex reversal starting before gonadal differentiation and secondary sex reversal happening after gonadal differentiation. Many genes, hormones, non-coding RNAs, and other factors participate in the sex reversal processes. In aquaculture, mono-sex culture could improve the culturing efficiency of some fish. Studies focused on the mechanisms of fish sex reversal could help develop sex control technology for aquaculture. This special issue aims to collect studies (original research articles, perspectives, reviews, and mini-reviews) that focus on sex reversal in wild and cultured fish. Also studies that focus on sex determination and differentiation of fish are also considered. We are looking forward to your new findings in this area.

Dr. Dong-Neng Jiang
Dr. Hong-Wei Yan
Dr. Li-Min Wu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fishes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • sex determination and differentiation
  • hormone
  • sex reversal
  • sex control
  • sex dimorphism

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 10663 KiB  
Article
Preliminary Trial of Male to Female Sex Reversal by 17β-Estradiol in Combination with Trilostane in Spotted Scat (Scatophagus argus)
by Zheng-Ting Jiang, Gang Shi, Dong-Neng Jiang, Yu Li, Yuan-Qing Huang, Hong-Juan Shi and Guang-Li Li
Fishes 2024, 9(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9010001 - 19 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1298
Abstract
The spotted scat (Scatophagus argus) is an important ornamental species with sexually biased ornamental values that favor males. Therefore, it makes sense to breed mono-male fingerlings as ornamental fish. The spotted scat has an XX/XY sex determination system; therefore, the first [...] Read more.
The spotted scat (Scatophagus argus) is an important ornamental species with sexually biased ornamental values that favor males. Therefore, it makes sense to breed mono-male fingerlings as ornamental fish. The spotted scat has an XX/XY sex determination system; therefore, the first step in producing genetically all-male offspring should be the induction of a fertile sex-reversed XY pseudo-female, which would then be mated with a normal XY male to produce a YY super-male. However, the XY pseudo-female produced by estradiol (E2) treatment failed due to ovarian malformations. Here, male to female sex reversal was induced in spotted scat through a combination of E2 and an androgen inhibitor (trilostane, TR). Spotted scat fingerlings of approximately 2.8–3.5 cm were fed a diet containing both E2 (300 µg/g) and TR (300 µg/g). The fish were treated for 90 days and then fed a normal diet until they reached one year of age, when they were sampled. Twenty-eight treated XY individuals were identified using sex-linked markers. According to their gonadal histological characteristics, these treated XY fish could be divided into three groups: males with testes (n = 21), intersex individuals with ovaries–testes (n = 3), and fully sex-reversed individuals with ovaries (n = 4). All treated XX fish (n = 8) developed into normal females. There were no obvious abnormalities in the ovaries of the XY sex-reversed fish compared to the treated XX fish. Serum 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) levels were significantly lower in XY-reversed females and treated XX females than in XY males. Compared with XY male fish, the expression of female (42sp50, foxl2, figla, zar1, and zp2) and male (dmrt1, gsdf, amh and cyp11b2) biased genes was up- and down-regulated, respectively, in the gonads of XY-completely sex-reversed fish. Immunohistochemical results indicate that 42Sp50 was expressed in oocytes of XY-partially and completely sex-reversed fish, while strong Gsdf signals were mainly detectable in testicular somatic cells of XY-partially sex-reversed fish and XY male fish. XY females were successfully produced by the combined treatment of E2 and TR in the spotted scat. Their fertility will be tested in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural and Environmental Sex Reversal in Aquatic Animals)
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16 pages, 3507 KiB  
Article
Gene Expression and Epigenetic Modification of Aromatase during Sex Reversal and Gonadal Development in Blotched Snakehead (Channa maculata)
by Sujing Huang, Yuxia Wu, Kunci Chen, Xiaotian Zhang, Jian Zhao, Qing Luo, Haiyang Liu, Fang Wang, Kaibin Li, Shuzhan Fei, Xincheng Zhang and Mi Ou
Fishes 2023, 8(3), 129; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8030129 - 24 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1480
Abstract
The cyp19a1 gene codes aromatase that converts androgen to estrogen, which plays a central role in early female differentiation and ovarian development in teleosts. For the blotched snakehead (Channa maculata), an important aquaculture fish that is susceptible to hormone-induced sex reversal, [...] Read more.
The cyp19a1 gene codes aromatase that converts androgen to estrogen, which plays a central role in early female differentiation and ovarian development in teleosts. For the blotched snakehead (Channa maculata), an important aquaculture fish that is susceptible to hormone-induced sex reversal, two aromatase genes were characterized in the present study, cyp19a1a and cyp19a1b. We analyzed gene expression and the epigenetic state of cyp19a1a and cyp19a1b in different adult tissues: the gonad and brain from normal XX females (XX-F), normal XY males (XY-M), sex-reversal females (XY-F) induced by estrogen, and YY super-males (YY-M), and gonads at different development stages. Cyp19a1a exhibited strong female-biased expression patterns in the ovary, and cyp19a1b dominantly expressed in the brain with no sex bias. Cyp19a1a’s expression pattern in the XY-F ovary was similar to that in the XX-F ovary, with a relatively high expression level, which was far higher than that in XY-M and YY-M testis. Meanwhile, CpG methylation levels of cyp19a1a promoter were lower in XX-F and XY-F ovaries compared with XY-M and YY-M testis. A significantly negative correlation between the CpG methylation levels and cyp19a1a expression was elucidated in XX-F, XY-M, XY-F, and YY-M gonads. Furthermore, the strong female-biased cyp19a1a expression was closely related to ovarian differentiation and maturation, and the overall methylation levels of cyp19a1a promoter were inversely correlated with cyp19a1a expression. There were no detectable sexually dimorphic differences in cyp19a1b expression and CpG methylation levels of cyp19a1b promoter in the brain and gonad between sexes in C. maculata, thus the function of cyp19a1b in C. maculata needs further research. Our research illustrates that cyp19a1a is closely related to estrogen production, ovary differentiation/maintenance, and sex reversal, and epigenetic modification plays a crucial part in maintaining the sexual dimorphic expression of cyp19a1a, ovarian differentiation and oogenesis in C. maculata. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural and Environmental Sex Reversal in Aquatic Animals)
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