Towards Sustainable Aquafeeds: Strategies and Mechanisms of Fish Meal and Oil Replacement

A special issue of Fishes (ISSN 2410-3888). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Feeding".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2026 | Viewed by 1026

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China
Interests: coldwater fish; nutrition; feed

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The scarcity and rising cost of marine-derived ingredients pose a major challenge to the sustainable development of aquaculture. Consequently, replacing fish meal and fish oil with cost-effective, sustainable alternatives—such as plant proteins, insect meals, single-cell proteins, and processing by-products—has become the industry’s primary focus. However, high levels of substitution often lead to reduced growth, enteritis, and compromised flesh quality due to anti-nutritional factors and amino acid imbalances.

This Special Issue, “Towards Sustainable Aquafeeds: Strategies and Mechanisms of Fish Meal and Oil Replacement,” aims to address the physiological and technical bottlenecks associated with novel ingredient utilization. We invite high-quality research exploring the following:

  1. Evaluation of emerging raw materials: Efficacy of insect meal, microbial biomass, and fermented plant ingredients.
  2. Nutritional strategies: Use of functional additives (e.g., enzymes, bile acids, and probiotics) to improve nutrient digestibility and mitigate anti-nutritional effects.
  3. Physiological responses: Impacts of alternative diets on gut health, immune function, and lipid metabolism.
  4. Flesh quality: How alternative ingredients affect the texture and nutritional value of the final product.

The goal of this Special Issue is to provide scientific evidence to maximize the inclusion rates of alternative ingredients without compromising fish health or quality.

Dr. Chang'an Wang
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • fish meal replacement
  • alternative plant proteins
  • insect meal
  • single-cell protein
  • anti-nutritional factors
  • gut health
  • flesh quality
  • nutrient digestibility
  • functional feed additives
  • sustainable aquaculture

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 312 KB  
Article
Partial Fishmeal Replacement with Defatted Hermetia illucens Meal in Offshore-Farmed Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata): Effects on Fillet Quality and Microbiological Stability
by Marianna Oteri, Ambra Rita Di Rosa, Vittorio Lo Presti, Giovanni Toscano, Filippo Giarratana and Biagina Chiofalo
Fishes 2026, 11(4), 211; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes11040211 - 1 Apr 2026
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Abstract
The search for sustainable alternatives to fishmeal (FM) in aquafeeds represents a major challenge for modern aquaculture. This study evaluated the effects of replacing 35% of FM with defatted Hermetia illucens larvae meal (HIM35) in diets of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) [...] Read more.
The search for sustainable alternatives to fishmeal (FM) in aquafeeds represents a major challenge for modern aquaculture. This study evaluated the effects of replacing 35% of FM with defatted Hermetia illucens larvae meal (HIM35) in diets of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) reared under full-scale commercial offshore farming conditions. Fillet nutritional quality, fatty acid and amino acid profiles, mineral composition, and microbiological stability during refrigerated storage were assessed. Dietary HIM35 significantly modified the fatty acid profile, increasing saturated fatty acids, particularly lauric and myristic acids, and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Despite reductions in eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids (EPA and DHA), total PUFA and lipid health indices remained within recommended ranges and EPA + DHA levels were above 8%, supporting both fillet nutritional value and fish physiological requirements. Enzymatic indices based on product-to-precursor fatty acid ratios suggested reduced Δ5 + Δ6-desaturase activity. The amino acid profile showed increases in selected essential and non-essential amino acids, while overall protein quality was preserved. HIM35 fillets showed lower sodium and higher zinc contents, whereas increased aluminum levels warrant further investigation. Microbiological analyses confirmed the absence of foodborne pathogens and no effects on spoilage dynamics. Overall, HIM35 represents a safe and effective partial replacement for FM supporting sustainable aquafeed strategies. Full article
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24 pages, 7459 KB  
Article
The Impact of Lycium barbarum Polysaccharides on Growth Performance, Digestive Enzyme, Muscle and Skin Characteristics, and Immune-Antioxidant Functions in Coral Trout (Plectropomus leopardus)
by Chengkun Zhang, Chuanpeng Zhou, Zhengyi Fu and Zhenhua Ma
Fishes 2026, 11(3), 186; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes11030186 - 20 Mar 2026
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Abstract
This study investigated the effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) supplementation on various indicators in coral trout (Plectropomus leopardus), including growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, muscle and skin morphology, inflammatory immune gene expression, as well as immune and antioxidant responses. In [...] Read more.
This study investigated the effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) supplementation on various indicators in coral trout (Plectropomus leopardus), including growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, muscle and skin morphology, inflammatory immune gene expression, as well as immune and antioxidant responses. In the experiment, fish were fed diets supplemented with different concentrations of LBP (0%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, and 1%) over a designated experimental period. The results showed that moderate supplementation of LBP significantly improved growth performance, with the optimal concentration being around 0.243%, achieving the highest specific growth rate. LBP supplementation also enhanced intestinal digestive enzyme activity, such as trypsin in the 0.1% and 1% groups, and α-amylase in the 0.5% group. Additionally, LBP improved the nutritional composition of muscle, with the 1% group showing higher crude protein content and the 0.2–1% groups having lower crude fat content. Moderate LBP supplementation improved skin color and pigmentation, increasing the brightness, redness, and yellowness of the dorsal skin, as well as boosting carotenoid and astaxanthin concentrations. It also enhanced the immune and antioxidant functions of the skin (e.g., SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, AKP, and LZ) and improved the immune functions of the mucus (e.g., C3, C4, IgM, IgT, AKP, and LZ). Furthermore, the expression of key pro-inflammatory genes, such as TNF-α and IL-1β, was reduced. These findings suggest that LBP can serve as a natural feed additive to enhance the overall quality and health of coral trout, contributing to sustainable aquaculture practices. Full article
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