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Fire
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Solid Fuels – Analysis, Burning and Emissions
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Solid Fuels – Analysis, Burning and Emissions

A special issue of Fire (ISSN 2571-6255).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 January 2025 | Viewed by 3824

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Michal Holubčík

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Power Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Žilina, Univerzitna 1, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia
Interests: the design of energy machines and equipment; the combustion of solid fuels; heat sources; combustion optimalization; renewable energy sources; emission production reducing; the energy use of waste materials; biomass burning; solid fuels analysis; ash melting problems; increasing efficiency; thermal analysis; biomaterials
Dr. Nikola Čajová Kantová

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Research Centre, University of Žilina, Univerzitna 1, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia
Interests: biomass combustion; reduction of emission; particulate matter; waste utilization; fuel analysis; combustion optimization; ash melting behavior

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are inviting submissions to a Special Issue of Fire on the subject area of “Solid Fuels—Analysis, Burning, and Emissions". Despite other technologies, the issue of burning solid fuels is still relevant, even in the view of the ever-growing trend of energy consumption and the need to reduce emissions. Solid fuels are increasingly being replaced by alternative energy sources, mainly based on renewable energy sources. However, solid fuels are still used in some technologies, and especially in households.

Considering the rising prices of other energy sources, it is possible to assume that solid fuels will continue to be part of the energy industry and deal with innovations in this area. New alternative fuels are emerging in connection with waste materials and can be energetically recovered or co-combusted with other fuels. It is also necessary to adapt the technology to increase the efficiency of combustion and reduce negative manifestations, such as the melting and gluing of ash, the production of emissions, etc. The combustion of solid fuels is associated with the emission of particulate matter (PM), which is very dangerous and needs to be minimized in the air.

Articles on these topics, among others, may be published in this Special Issue as original contributions in the form of full-length research articles, review manuscripts, and short communications.

Dr. Michal Holubčík
Dr. Nikola Čajová Kantová
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fire is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • solid fuels
  • analysis
  • burning
  • emissions
  • combustion
  • biomass
  • alternative fuels
  • particulate matter
  • coal
  • waste

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 10569 KiB  
Article
Impact of Seasonal Heating on PM10 and PM2.5 Concentrations in Sučany, Slovakia: A Temporal and Spatial Analysis
by Dusan Jandacka, Daniela Durcanska, Miriam Nicolanska and Michal Holubcik
Fire 2024, 7(4), 150; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7040150 - 21 Apr 2024
Viewed by 461
Abstract
Complying with strict PM10 and PM2.5 limit values poses challenges in many European regions, influenced by diverse factors such as natural, regional, and local anthropogenic sources. Urban air pollution, exacerbated by road transport, local industry, and dust resuspension, contrasts with rural [...] Read more.
Complying with strict PM10 and PM2.5 limit values poses challenges in many European regions, influenced by diverse factors such as natural, regional, and local anthropogenic sources. Urban air pollution, exacerbated by road transport, local industry, and dust resuspension, contrasts with rural areas affected by solid fuel-based local heating and increasing wood burning. This study focuses on village of Sučany, located in Slovakia, analysing PM concentrations during non-heating and heating seasons. The method of analysis relies on the use of the MP101M air quality analyser that utilises beta radiation absorption method. One set of measurements was conducted at five distinct locations during the heating season (18/01/2019 to 28/02/2019) and non-heating season (14/08/2018 to 1/10/2018). Significant differences emerged during the non-heating season with corresponding PM10 averages of 23.0 µg/m3 and PM2.5 at 19.3 µg/m3. In contrast, the PM10 averaged 53.9 µg/m3 and 52.8 µg/m3 during the heating season. The heating season shows PM2.5 contributing up to 98% of total PM10. The distribution of PM10 and PM2.5 pollution and the location of the potential source obtained using polar plots differed during the heating and non-heating seasons. This research underscores the impact of local heating on air quality in a typical Slovak village. The key recommendation for targeted interventions is supporting up-to-date air quality data, education, and financial incentives for citizens in order to implement cleaner and modern heating solutions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Solid Fuels – Analysis, Burning and Emissions)
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13 pages, 2233 KiB  
Article
The Bulk Density and Cohesion of Submicron Particles Emitted by a Residential Boiler When Burning Solid Fuels
by Eva Gregorovičová, Jiří Pospíšil and Tomáš Sitek
Fire 2023, 6(11), 445; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire6110445 - 19 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1607
Abstract
Particles emitted from combustion sources have a negative impact on human health and the environment. The solid fuel boilers that are used in households are a significant source of air pollution. The present study analyzes particulate matter (PM) produced during the combustion of [...] Read more.
Particles emitted from combustion sources have a negative impact on human health and the environment. The solid fuel boilers that are used in households are a significant source of air pollution. The present study analyzes particulate matter (PM) produced during the combustion of wood pellets, wood logs, and coke in a residential boiler. The captured particles’ particle size distribution, bulk density, and cohesion are identified. A cascade impactor was used to capture the particles, and an optical digital microscope was used to determine the bulk density and cohesion (angle of repose) of the particles. The results show that the highest particle mass concentration emitted by the boiler falls within the interval of 89–146 nm, with the combustion of wood logs producing the most particles and coke combustion producing the least. The bulk density of particles of 51–595 nm (impactor stages 4–8) ranges from 320 to 785 kg/m3 for wood logs, 372–1108 kg/m3 for wood pellets, and 435–1330 kg/m3 for coke. The PM1 particles (impactor stage 4) have the highest bulk density. In the particle size range studied, the bulk density of particles decreases significantly with increasing particle size. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Solid Fuels – Analysis, Burning and Emissions)
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21 pages, 3459 KiB  
Article
Multifactorial Assessment of the Bioenergetic Potential of Residual Biomass of Pinus spp. in a Rural Community: From Functional Characterization to Mapping of the Available Energy Resource
by Mario Morales-Máximo, Luis Bernardo López-Sosa, José Juan Alvarado-Flores, Jorge Víctor Alcaraz-Vera, Carlos A. García, Margarito Álvarez-Jara and José Guadalupe Rutiaga-Quiñones
Fire 2023, 6(8), 317; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire6080317 - 15 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1244
Abstract
The generation of biomass residues in different productive activities of rural communities in Mexico represents an area of opportunity for the generation of bioenergy for various purposes. Solid biofuels (SBF), for example, are an alternative for the exploitation of these residues. The present [...] Read more.
The generation of biomass residues in different productive activities of rural communities in Mexico represents an area of opportunity for the generation of bioenergy for various purposes. Solid biofuels (SBF), for example, are an alternative for the exploitation of these residues. The present study shows a comprehensive proposal for the analysis of residues of Pinus spp. generated by the artisanal sector of a rural community in Mexico. The proposal is based on four stages: a) characterization of the physico-chemical and functional properties of the residues, by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Infrared (FTIR) and Raman Spectroscopy, Thermogravimetry (TGA-DTG), determining the calorific coefficient and polymeric compounds present by fiber analysis; (b) spatial, temporal and dimensional analysis of the waste generated in the town studied; (c) assessment of the energy potential available in space and time; (d) definition of guidelines for the management of solid biofuels for the community through collection, processing and final disposal centers. The results of the assessment of timber residue from 50 artisan workshops that represent 25% of the total in the community show that the identified heating value of the dry residue ranges from 17.6 MJ/kg to 18.1 MJ/kg, attributed to the presence of polymeric compounds such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, the latter in the order of 28%, which contributes to a high energy potential, and whose compounds were identified by TGA-DTG analysis, FTIR, SEM and fiber analysis. The energy potential was estimated at approximately 7 TJ/year for the analyzed workshops. In which case, the economic savings obtained from unburned firewood would amount to about $20,000 USD/year. As regards the reduction in firewood consumption due to the use of residues for energy purposes, about 350 Tn/year would be mitigated, which would reduce the community’s emissions by more than 76 TnCO2/year. A strategic management proposal was also established, aimed at providing spaces for the collection, processing and final disposal of solid biofuels from wood residues, which in sum represent an energy alternative that is sustainable in environmental, economic and social terms, for the same community. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Solid Fuels – Analysis, Burning and Emissions)
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