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Entropy
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Entropy Methods for Cardiorespiratory Coupling Analysis
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Entropy Methods for Cardiorespiratory Coupling Analysis

A special issue of Entropy (ISSN 1099-4300). This special issue belongs to the section "Entropy and Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 December 2025 | Viewed by 2200

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Mirjana M. Platiša

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Guest Editor
Laboratory of Biosignals, Institute of Biophysics in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Višegradska 26-2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Interests: biomedical signal analysis; biophysics; medical physics; heart rate variability; cardiorespiratory coupling; brain-cardiopulmonary coupling-stomach axis; metabolism
Dr. Beatrice Cairo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
Interests: biomedical signal analysis; heart rate variability; cardiovascular control; cardiorespiratory coupling; multivariate time series analysis; nonlinear dynamics
Dr. Riccardo Pernice

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
Interests: portable/wearable monitoring systems; electrocardiographic (ECG) and photoplethysmographic (PPG) acquisition sensors and systems; biomedical signal processing; autonomic nervous system; heart rate variability (HRV) analysis; brain–heart interactions
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Entropy is a nonlinear measure employed to quantify the dynamical properties of biomedical signals. Various methods based on Shannon entropy have been applied to estimate the complexity or irregularity of multivariate signals over multiple scales; these have also been utilized in the analysis of cardiac and respiratory time series to examine the features of bidirectional cardiorespiratory interactions. In the last few decades, in addition to the neural control of the heart rhythm, many basic and clinical studies have revealed the properties of the neural control of breathing. However, we remain unable to recognize the whole spectrum of the variability in cardiorespiratory coupling during wakefulness, sleep, exercise or changes in the cardiovascular and respiratory system induced by pathological conditions. This Special Issue aims to disseminate the results obtained via the development of novel entropy metrics and/or the implementation of standard entropy measures under the different physiological and pathological conditions applicable in the examination of cardiorespiratory interactions.

Prof. Dr. Mirjana M. Platiša
Dr. Beatrice Cairo
Dr. Riccardo Pernice
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Entropy is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cardiopulmonary coupling
  • exercise
  • pulmonary diseases
  • heart failure
  • nonstationary time series

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 386 KiB  
Article
State Space Correspondence and Cross-Entropy Methods in the Assessment of Bidirectional Cardiorespiratory Coupling in Heart Failure
by Beatrice Cairo, Riccardo Pernice, Nikola N. Radovanović, Luca Faes, Alberto Porta and Mirjana M. Platiša
Entropy 2025, 27(7), 770; https://doi.org/10.3390/e27070770 - 20 Jul 2025
Abstract
The complex interplay between the cardiac and the respiratory systems, termed cardiorespiratory coupling (CRC), is a bidirectional phenomenon that can be affected by pathologies such as heart failure (HF). In the present work, the potential changes in strength of directional CRC were assessed [...] Read more.
The complex interplay between the cardiac and the respiratory systems, termed cardiorespiratory coupling (CRC), is a bidirectional phenomenon that can be affected by pathologies such as heart failure (HF). In the present work, the potential changes in strength of directional CRC were assessed in HF patients classified according to their cardiac rhythm via two measures of coupling based on k-nearest neighbor (KNN) estimation approaches, cross-entropy (CrossEn) and state space correspondence (SSC), applied on the heart period (HP) and respiratory (RESP) variability series, while also accounting for the complexity of the cardiac and respiratory rhythms. We tested the measures on 25 HF patients with sinus rhythm (SR, age: 58.9 ± 9.7 years; 23 males) and 41 HF patients with ventricular arrhythmia (VA, age 62.2 ± 11.0 years; 30 males). A predominant directionality of interaction from the cardiac to the respiratory rhythm was observed in both cohorts and using both methodologies, with similar statistical power, while a lower complexity for the RESP series compared to HP series was observed in the SR cohort. We conclude that CrossEn and SSC can be considered strictly related to each other when using a KNN technique for the estimation of the cross-predictability markers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Entropy Methods for Cardiorespiratory Coupling Analysis)
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13 pages, 930 KiB  
Article
Physiological Regularity and Synchrony in Individuals with Gaming Disorder
by Hung-Ming Chi and Tzu-Chien Hsiao
Entropy 2024, 26(9), 769; https://doi.org/10.3390/e26090769 - 8 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1356
Abstract
Individuals with gaming disorder (GD) show emotional dysregulation and autonomic dysfunction in daily life. Although studies have shown that the relaxation method of breathing exercise (BE) improves cardiopulmonary synchrony, the physiological regularity and synchrony of GD remain unclear. In this study, we investigated [...] Read more.
Individuals with gaming disorder (GD) show emotional dysregulation and autonomic dysfunction in daily life. Although studies have shown that the relaxation method of breathing exercise (BE) improves cardiopulmonary synchrony, the physiological regularity and synchrony of GD remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the regularities of pulse wave (PW), thoracic wall movement (TWM), and abdominal wall movement (AWM) using sample entropy (SE) and assessed the vascular-respiratory and TWM-AWM synchrony using cross-sample entropy (CSE). Twenty individuals with GD and 26 healthy control (HC) individuals participated in baseline, gaming, and recovery stages, both before and after BEs. The results showed that both groups had significantly higher SETWM, SEAWM, and CSETWM-AWM during gaming than baseline. Before BE, CSEPW-TWM and CSEPW-AWM during gaming were considerably higher in the GD group than in the HC group. Compared to before BE, both groups had decreased SETWM and CSETWM-AWM during gaming, particularly in the HC group. Online gaming may induce pulse wave and respiratory irregularities, as well as thoracic–abdominal wall movement asynchrony. Individuals with GD who engage in prolonged gaming periods may exhibit lower vascular–respiratory synchrony compared to the HC group. SETWM, SEAWM, CSETWM-AWM, CSEPW-TWM, and CSEPW-AWM may serve as biomarkers for assessing the risk of GD. BE may improve TWM regularity and vascular–respiratory synchrony during gaming, potentially alleviating addictive behavior. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Entropy Methods for Cardiorespiratory Coupling Analysis)
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