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Entropy
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Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Bubble Nucleation
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Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Bubble Nucleation

A special issue of Entropy (ISSN 1099-4300). This special issue belongs to the section "Thermodynamics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 July 2024) | Viewed by 3357

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Ho-Young Kwak

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Mechanical Engineering Department, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
Interests: bubble nucleation; bubble dynamics; sonoluminescence phenomena; nucleate boiling heat transfer; cooling electronic equipment by phase change
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

There are two typical bubble nucleation experiments. One involves mixing a test liquid droplet in an immiscible liquid medium and heating it to the superheat limit (about 90% of the critical temperature) at 1 atm without boiling. At the superheat limit, the droplet evaporates explosively into vapor bubbles. The other involves rapidly decompressing a saturated liquid–gas solution or volatile–metal solution at high pressure to a lower pressure, causing gas-induced bubble formation in the solution. Additionally, gas bubble formation or vapor bubble formation is observed on atomic-scale smooth surfaces. Recently, gas-induced bubble formation on hydrophobic surfaces has been extensively studied by many researchers. Classical nucleation theory, density functional theory or molecular cluster models have been used to predict the superheat and depressurization limits of liquids for bubble formation with appropriate nucleation rates per unit volume. However, the nucleation theory itself must predict the state at the time of bubble formation and the rate of nucleation at that condition. All papers on theoretical, computational and/or experimental studies describing homogeneous or heterogeneous bubble nucleation on atomic-scale smooth surface and its applications are welcome in this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Ho-Young Kwak
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Entropy is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • homogeneous or heterogeneous bubble nucleation
  • superheat limit of liquids
  • decompression amount for bubble formation
  • atomic-scale smooth surface
  • saturated gas(volatile)–liquid (melts) solution
  • surface nanobubble
  • microbubble
  • molecular dynamics simulation

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 8921 KiB  
Article
Free Energy Evaluation of Cavity Formation in Metastable Liquid Based on Stochastic Thermodynamics
by Issei Shimizu and Mitsuhiro Matsumoto
Entropy 2024, 26(8), 700; https://doi.org/10.3390/e26080700 - 17 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1079
Abstract
Nucleation is a fundamental and general process at the initial stage of first-order phase transition. Although various models based on the classical nucleation theory (CNT) have been proposed to explain the energetics and kinetics of nucleation, detailed understanding at nanoscale is still required. [...] Read more.
Nucleation is a fundamental and general process at the initial stage of first-order phase transition. Although various models based on the classical nucleation theory (CNT) have been proposed to explain the energetics and kinetics of nucleation, detailed understanding at nanoscale is still required. Here, in view of the homogeneous bubble nucleation, we focus on cavity formation, in which evaluation of the size dependence of free energy change is the key issue. We propose the application of a formula in stochastic thermodynamics, the Jarzynski equality, for data analysis of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to evaluate the free energy of cavity formation. As a test case, we performed a series of MD simulations with a Lennard-Jones (LJ) fluid system. By applying an external spherical force field to equilibrated LJ liquid, we evaluated the free energy change during cavity growth as the Jarzynski’s ensemble average of required works. A fairly smooth free energy curve was obtained as a function of bubble radius in metastable liquid of mildly negative pressure conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Bubble Nucleation)
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16 pages, 1169 KiB  
Article
Nucleation Process in Explosive Boiling Phenomena of Water on Micro-Platinum Wire
by Yungpil Yoo and Ho-Young Kwak
Entropy 2024, 26(1), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/e26010035 - 28 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1652
Abstract
The maximum temperature limit at which liquid boils explosively is referred to as the superheat limit of liquid. Through various experimental studies on the superheating limit of liquids, rapid evaporation of liquids has been observed at the superheating limit. This study explored the [...] Read more.
The maximum temperature limit at which liquid boils explosively is referred to as the superheat limit of liquid. Through various experimental studies on the superheating limit of liquids, rapid evaporation of liquids has been observed at the superheating limit. This study explored the water nucleation process at the superheat limit achieved in micro-platinum wires using a molecular interaction model. According to the molecular interaction model, the nucleation rate and time delay at 576.2 K are approximately 2.1 × 1011/(μm3μs) and 5.7 ns, respectively. With an evaporation rate (116.0 m/s) much faster than that of hydrocarbons (14.0 m/s), these readings show that explosive boiling or rapid phase transition from liquid to vapor can occur at the superheat limit of water. Subsequent bubble growth after bubble nucleation was also considered. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Bubble Nucleation)
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