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Opportunities and Challenges of Network Science in the Age of AI

A special issue of Entropy (ISSN 1099-4300). This special issue belongs to the section "Complexity".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 July 2026 | Viewed by 850

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
School of Cyber Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
Interests: complex networks; network information mining; higher-order network analysis; ranking nodes; link prediction

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Guest Editor
School of Management, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
Interests: logistics and supply chain management; complex networks and industrial economy; emergency decision-making

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Rapid advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly the emergence of sophisticated generative models, are profoundly impacting various scientific disciplines. Network science, with its powerful framework for modeling and analyzing complex systems of interconnected entities, stands at a crucial intersection with AI. This Special Issue aims to explore the synergistic opportunities and inherent challenges arising from this convergence. We invite researchers to contribute cutting-edge work that investigates how network science can empower AI methodologies and, conversely, how AI, including generative AI, can revolutionize the study of networks.

This Special Issue will delve into two primary themes:

  1. Network Science for AI: harnessing the principles and tools of network science to enhance the capabilities and understanding of AI systems. Potential topics include the following:
    • Network-inspired Architectures for AI;
    • Graph Representation Learning;
    • Network Analysis for Explainable AI (XAI);
    • Network-based Feature Engineering for AI;
    • Dynamics of Networks for AI;
    • Network Science for Robust and Fair AI;
    • Entropy and Information Theory in AI Systems;
    • Statistical Physics of AI Learning.
  2. AI for Network Science: leveraging AI techniques, including generative AI, to advance the frontiers of network analysis, modeling, and discovery. Potential topics include the following:
    • AI-driven Network Discovery and Reconstruction;
    • AI-driven Network Generation;
    • AI for Dynamic Network Analysis;
    • Intelligent Network Visualization and Interpretation;
    • AI-assisted Network Modeling and Simulation;
    • Generative AI for Novel Network Design and Optimization;
    • AI for Anomaly Detection and Security in Networks;
    • Statistical Physics-informed Network Generation;
    • Entropy Maximization and Information Flow in AI-generated Networks.

We invite contributions of original research articles, reviews, and perspectives on this cutting-edge topic from researchers in computer science, physics, biology, engineering, and social sciences.

Prof. Dr. Linyuan Lü
Prof. Dr. Qingchun Meng
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Entropy is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • network science
  • complex networks
  • artificial intelligence (AI)
  • graph machine learning
  • generative AI
  • entropy
  • statistical physics

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

17 pages, 4039 KB  
Article
A Multi-Branch Training Strategy for Enhancing Neighborhood Signals in GNNs for Community Detection
by Yuning Guo, Qiang Wu and Linyuan Lü
Entropy 2026, 28(1), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/e28010046 - 30 Dec 2025
Viewed by 405
Abstract
The tasks of community detection in complex networks have garnered increasing attention from researchers. Concurrently, with the emergence of graph neural networks (GNNs), these models have rapidly become the mainstream approach for solving this task. However, GNNs frequently encounter the Laplacian oversmoothing problem, [...] Read more.
The tasks of community detection in complex networks have garnered increasing attention from researchers. Concurrently, with the emergence of graph neural networks (GNNs), these models have rapidly become the mainstream approach for solving this task. However, GNNs frequently encounter the Laplacian oversmoothing problem, which dilutes the crucial neighborhood signals essential for community identification. These signals, particularly those from first-order neighbors, are the core source information defining community structure and identity. To address this contradiction, this paper proposes a novel training strategy focused on strengthening these key local signals. We design a multi-branch learning structure that injects a gradient into the GNN layer during backpropagation. This gradient is then modulated by the GNN’s native message-passing path, precisely supplementing the parameters of the initial layers with first-order topological information. Based on this, we construct the network structure-informed GNN (NIGNN). A large number of experiments show that the proposed method achieves a 0.6–3.6% improvement in multiple indicators compared with the basic model in the community detection task, and performs well in the t-test. The framework has good general applicability and can be effectively applied to GCN, GAT, and GraphSAGE architectures, and shows strong robustness in networks with incomplete information. This work offers a novel solution for effectively preserving core local information in deep GNNs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Opportunities and Challenges of Network Science in the Age of AI)
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