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21 pages, 2825 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Convex Relaxations of Maximal Load Delivery for Multi-Contingency Analysis of Joint Electric Power and Natural Gas Transmission Networks

by Byron Tasseff, Carleton Coffrin and Russell Bent

Energies 2024, 17(9), 2200; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17092200 - 3 May 2024

Viewed by 997

Abstract

Recent increases in gas-fired power generation have engendered increased interdependencies between natural gas and power transmission systems. These interdependencies have amplified existing vulnerabilities in gas and power grids, where disruptions can require the curtailment of load in one or both systems. Although typically [...] Read more.

Recent increases in gas-fired power generation have engendered increased interdependencies between natural gas and power transmission systems. These interdependencies have amplified existing vulnerabilities in gas and power grids, where disruptions can require the curtailment of load in one or both systems. Although typically operated independently, coordination of these systems during severe disruptions can allow for targeted delivery to lifeline services, including gas delivery for residential heating and power delivery for critical facilities. To address the challenge of estimating maximum joint network capacities under such disruptions, we consider the task of determining feasible steady-state operating points for severely damaged systems while ensuring the maximal delivery of gas and power loads simultaneously, represented mathematically as the nonconvex joint Maximal Load Delivery (MLD) problem. To increase its tractability, we present a mixed-integer convex relaxation of the MLD problem. Then, to demonstrate the relaxation’s effectiveness in determining bounds on network capacities, exact and relaxed MLD formulations are compared across various multi-contingency scenarios on nine joint networks ranging in size from 25 to 1191 nodes. The relaxation-based methodology is observed to accurately and efficiently estimate the impacts of severe joint network disruptions, often converging to the relaxed MLD problem’s globally optimal solution within ten seconds. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reliability Evaluation of Integrated Electricity and Natural Gas Systems)

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17 pages, 5150 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact Assessment of Hydrate Cuttings Migration and Decomposition on Annular Temperature and Pressure in Deep Water Gas Hydrate Formation Riserless Drilling

by Faling Yin, Xingyu Ni, Jindong Han, Jianwei Di, Youwei Zhou, Xinxin Zhao and Yonghai Gao

Energies 2023, 16(16), 5903; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16165903 - 10 Aug 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1439

Abstract

The accurate prediction of wellbore temperature and pressure is important for safe drilling. However, annulus temperature and pressure changes are more complicated due to phase transition. To study this problem, a prediction model of temperature and pressure in deep water riserless drilling is [...] Read more.

The accurate prediction of wellbore temperature and pressure is important for safe drilling. However, annulus temperature and pressure changes are more complicated due to phase transition. To study this problem, a prediction model of temperature and pressure in deep water riserless drilling is established by considering hydrate cuttings decomposition, interphase mass transfer, and phase transition heat. Based on this model, the effects of hydrate cuttings decomposition on the temperature and pressure of drilling in a hydrate reservoir are explored. The results show that the influence of hydrate cuttings decomposition increases significantly with an increase in the inlet temperature. The influence of hydrate cuttings decomposition on temperature and pressure decreases with an increase in displacement. A small range in the variation of density and penetration rates has little impact on the annulus pressure but mainly affects the temperature. The influence of hydrate cuttings decomposition increases with an increase in the penetration rate. In normal drilling conditions, hydrate cuttings decomposition has little impact on annulus temperature and pressure, but under the conditions of a high inlet temperature, high hydrate saturation, low displacement, and high penetration rate, it is necessary to consider the impact of hydrate cuttings decomposition. This study can provide reference for the prediction of temperature and pressure in deep water hydrate reservoir riserless drilling. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reliability Evaluation of Integrated Electricity and Natural Gas Systems)

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16 pages, 3296 KiB

Open AccessArticle

TERA of Gas Turbine Propulsion Systems for RORO Ships

by Abdulaziz M. T. Alzayedi, Abdullah N. F. N. R. Alkhaledi, Suresh Sampath and Pericles Pilidis

Energies 2023, 16(16), 5875; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16165875 - 8 Aug 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1836

Abstract

Recently, regulations on emissions produced by vessels from international maritime organizations, along with the instability of fuel prices, have encouraged researchers to explore fuels and technology that are cleaner than heavy fuel oil and diesel engines. In this study, we employed the TERA [...] Read more.

Recently, regulations on emissions produced by vessels from international maritime organizations, along with the instability of fuel prices, have encouraged researchers to explore fuels and technology that are cleaner than heavy fuel oil and diesel engines. In this study, we employed the TERA method to evaluate the feasibility of using gas turbine engines with cleaner fuels as a replacement for diesel engines as a propulsion system for RORO ships. A sensitivity evaluation and risk assessment were also conducted to investigate the impact of applied emission taxes on the economic results. The findings indicated that the diesel engine emitted higher nitrogen oxide emissions than the gas turbine fuelled by natural gas and hydrogen. The gas turbine with hydrogen had zero carbon dioxide emissions, making it a sustainable energy production option. The economic aspects were evaluated based on an international route, and they revealed that economic profitability significantly depended on fuel costs and consumption. The diesel engine fuelled by marine diesel oil and the gas turbine fuelled by natural gas were economically attractive, whereas the gas turbine fuelled by hydrogen was less viable due to its high operating cost. However, in a scenario where a carbon dioxide tax was introduced, the gas turbine fuelled by hydrogen showed high potential as a low-risk investment compared to the other technologies. In summary, this study demonstrated the usefulness of the TERA method in the maritime sector for selecting and comparing various propulsion systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reliability Evaluation of Integrated Electricity and Natural Gas Systems)

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18 pages, 1641 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Low-Carbon Scheduling of Integrated Electricity and Gas Distribution System Considering V2G

by Yicheng Li, Lixiong Xu, Xiangmei Lv and Yiran Xiao

Energies 2022, 15(24), 9524; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15249524 - 15 Dec 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1741

Abstract

With the development of EVs (Electric Vehicles) and the rapidly developing policies on low carbon and environmental protection, electric power systems and natural gas systems become increasingly larger. Under these circumstances, the V2G (Vehicle-to-grid) and the coordinated operation of an integrated electricity–gas distribution [...] Read more.

With the development of EVs (Electric Vehicles) and the rapidly developing policies on low carbon and environmental protection, electric power systems and natural gas systems become increasingly larger. Under these circumstances, the V2G (Vehicle-to-grid) and the coordinated operation of an integrated electricity–gas distribution system (IEGDS), considering CO₂ emissions, can play a part together in the process of energy conservation. Firstly, the V2G model is discussed; this paper presents the cost differences between out-of-order and order for the car. Secondly, the IEGDS model presents coupling constraints of gas turbines and power-to-gas. Lastly, carbon emission is considered in this paper; a carbon capture plant (CCP) captures the CO₂ burning by fossil fuel in the power generation process and stores it in a carbon storage tank. This paper also considers trading with the carbon market via a carbon storage warehouse. With the cooperation of various components, a comprehensive model considers the use of V2G to store power in the IEGDS system, with consideration of the carbon trade. Numerical experiments validate the effectiveness of the combination between V2G and IEGDS, considering carbon emissions and carbon trading. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reliability Evaluation of Integrated Electricity and Natural Gas Systems)

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22 pages, 1347 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Review on Reliability of Integrated Electricity-Gas System

by You Zhou and Chuan He

Energies 2022, 15(18), 6815; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15186815 - 18 Sep 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2108

Abstract

With the development of society and the increase in energy demand, the electric power system and natural gas system become larger and larger, where the network is increasingly complex. The continuous and stable supply of energy is also important. The reliability evaluation of [...] Read more.

With the development of society and the increase in energy demand, the electric power system and natural gas system become larger and larger, where the network is increasingly complex. The continuous and stable supply of energy is also important. The reliability evaluation of the power system and natural gas system is an essential part of maintaining efficient operation of the system. In this paper, the concept of the integrated electricity-gas system is introduced first, and then the importance of the reliability evaluation of the power system and natural gas system is emphasized. In addition, the main reliability indices and reliability evaluation method of the two systems are presented, and some practical examples are given. Finally, conclusions on the reliability evaluation of the integrated electricity-gas system are drawn. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reliability Evaluation of Integrated Electricity and Natural Gas Systems)

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18 pages, 5004 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Two-Stage Chance-Constrained Coordinated Operation of an Integrated Gas–Electric System

by Yuqi Zhang, Chuan He, Anqi Xv and Xiaoxiao Tang

Energies 2022, 15(12), 4458; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15124458 - 18 Jun 2022

Viewed by 2004

Abstract

Under the background that the high penetration of renewable energy generation, which mainly consists of wind power, will have a significant impact on electric power systems due to the volatility and uncertainty of renewable energy, energy systems with gas–electric coupling and interconnections have [...] Read more.

Under the background that the high penetration of renewable energy generation, which mainly consists of wind power, will have a significant impact on electric power systems due to the volatility and uncertainty of renewable energy, energy systems with gas–electric coupling and interconnections have been widely studied to accommodate renewable energy generation. This paper proposes a two-stage chance-constrained coordinated operation model of an integrated gas–electric system and fully considers the uncertainty and high penetration of wind power. The Taylor series expansion method is used to linearize the Weymouth gas flow equation of a natural gas system and finally obtains a mixed integer linear programming model. Case studies show the effectiveness of the integrated energy system for peak shaving, valley filling, and promoting wind power accommodation. The proposed model ensures the consumption of wind power generation and also reduces the operation cost by about 0.7%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reliability Evaluation of Integrated Electricity and Natural Gas Systems)

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19 pages, 3241 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Collaborative Optimized Operation Model of Multi-Character Distribution Network Considering Multiple Uncertain Factors and Demand Response

by Zifa Liu, Jieyu Li, Yunyang Liu, Puyang Yu and Junteng Shao

Energies 2022, 15(12), 4244; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15124244 - 9 Jun 2022

Viewed by 1935

Abstract

As many new devices and factors, such as renewable energy sources, energy storage (ESs), electric vehicles (EVs), and demand response (DR), flood into the distribution network, the characteristics of the distribution network are becoming complicated and diversified. In this study, a two-layer collaborative [...] Read more.

As many new devices and factors, such as renewable energy sources, energy storage (ESs), electric vehicles (EVs), and demand response (DR), flood into the distribution network, the characteristics of the distribution network are becoming complicated and diversified. In this study, a two-layer collaborative optimized operation model for the multi-character distribution network considering multiple uncertain factors is proposed to achieve optimal dispatching of ES and EV and obtain the optimal grid structure of the distribution network. Based on basic device models of distribution network, the upper layer distribution network reconfiguration (DNR) model is established and solved by the particle swarm optimization (PSO) based on the Pareto optimality and the Prim algorithm. Then, the lower layer optimal dispatching model of ES and EV is established and solved by the binary PSO. The upper layer model and the lower layer model are integrated to form the collaborative optimized operation model for the multi-character distribution network and solved by iterating the upper and lower layers continuously. A case study is conducted on the IEEE 33-bus system. The simulation results show that the total network loss and the voltage deviation are decreased by 15.66% and 15.52%, respectively, after optimal dispatching of ES and EV. The total network loss and the voltage deviation are decreased by 28.39% and 44.46%, respectively, after the DNR with distributed generation (DG) and EV loads with little impact on the average reliability of the power supply. The total network loss and the voltage deviation are decreased by 26.54% and 27.04%, respectively, after the collaborative optimized operation of the multi-character distribution network. The collaborative optimized operation of the distribution network can effectively reduce the total cost by 114.45%, which makes the system change from paying to gaining. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reliability Evaluation of Integrated Electricity and Natural Gas Systems)

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Review

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19 pages, 2009 KiB

Open AccessReview

Resilience of Natural Gas Pipeline System: A Review and Outlook

by Zhaoming Yang, Qi Xiang, Yuxuan He, Shiliang Peng, Michael Havbro Faber, Enrico Zio, Lili Zuo, Huai Su and Jinjun Zhang

Energies 2023, 16(17), 6237; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16176237 - 28 Aug 2023

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2934

Abstract

A natural gas pipeline system (NGPS), as a crucial energy transportation network, exhibits intricate systemic characteristics. Both uncertain disturbances and complex characteristics result in higher requirement of supply safety. The investigation into NGPS resilience addresses the constraints of pipeline integrity and reliability, centering [...] Read more.

A natural gas pipeline system (NGPS), as a crucial energy transportation network, exhibits intricate systemic characteristics. Both uncertain disturbances and complex characteristics result in higher requirement of supply safety. The investigation into NGPS resilience addresses the constraints of pipeline integrity and reliability, centering around the vulnerability, robustness, and recovery of an NGPS. Based on a literature review and practical engineering insights, the generalized concept of NGPS resilience is elucidated. The research methodologies of NGPS resilience are classified into three types: indicator construction method, process analysis method, and complex networks method. The practical applications of NGPS resilience research are analyzed, which are based on NGPS operation safety, information safety, and market safety. The ongoing applications and detailed measures are also concluded, which can guide the researchers and engineers from NGPS resilience. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reliability Evaluation of Integrated Electricity and Natural Gas Systems)

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