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Advances in Bioenergy and Waste-to-Energy Technologies
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Advances in Bioenergy and Waste-to-Energy Technologies

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A4: Bio-Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2024 | Viewed by 1044

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Francesca Demichelis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
Interests: anaerobic digestion; slow pyrolysis; life cycle assessment; bio-energy; methane upgrading

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Dependency on non-renewable resources represents a problem from environmental, economic, and social perspectives.

Global energy consumption was estimated to increase by 20% from 2019 to 2040, reaching 7,391,024 TWh. The biobased economy has a pivoting role in circular economy and green chemistry, replacing fossil fuel consumption and providing a new platform for chemicals and energies. Worldwide, the application of renewable energy reached 20.3% of global energy consumption in 2019, The global primary energy from biomass achieved around 70 MJ in 2019, representing 10.5% of the total global primary energy consumption.

In the context of second-generation (2G) biorefinery, waste biomasses represent a valuable resource for conversion into bioenergy.

The biorefinery process allows the conversion of biomass into a spectrum of high-value products, including chemical compounds and energy. Second-generation biorefinery processes are classified into three main categories: chemical, thermo-chemical, and biological processes.

The present Special Issue aims to promote and contribute to this subject by presenting research regarding advancements in biomass conversion into bioenergy.

The Special Issue is open to modeling and experimental studies concerning technical feasibility, economic profitability, and environmentally impactful solutions regarding the conversion of waste biomass into energy.

Original research papers concerning the study of Advances in Bioenergy and Waste-to-Energy Technologies are of particular interest to this Special Issue.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

  • Waste biomass conversion into renewable energy;
  • Thermochemical and biochemical waste biomass conversion;
  • Bio-H2 and bio-CH4 production from waste biomass conversionl;
  • Environmental and economic sustainability assessments concerning the conversion of waste biomass into bioenergy.

Dr. Francesca Demichelis
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • waste biomass
  • waste-to-energy
  • renewable energy
  • thermochemical process
  • biochemical conversion

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 2499 KiB  
Article
Comparative Analysis of Performance and Emission Characteristics of Biodiesels from Animal Fats and Vegetable Oils as Fuel for Common Rail Engines
by Keunsang Lee and Haengmuk Cho
Energies 2024, 17(7), 1711; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17071711 - 3 Apr 2024
Viewed by 377
Abstract
Currently, solving global environmental problems is recognized as an important task for humanity. In particular, automobile exhaust gases, which are pointed out as the main cause of environmental pollution, are increasing environmental pollutants and pollution problems, and exhaust gas regulations are being strengthened [...] Read more.
Currently, solving global environmental problems is recognized as an important task for humanity. In particular, automobile exhaust gases, which are pointed out as the main cause of environmental pollution, are increasing environmental pollutants and pollution problems, and exhaust gas regulations are being strengthened around the world. In particular, when an engine is idling while a car is stopped and not running, a lot of fine dust and toxic gases are emitted into the atmosphere due to the unnecessary fuel consumption of the engine. These idling emissions are making the Earth’s environmental pollution more serious and depleting limited oil resources. Biodiesel, which can replace diesel fuel, generally has similar physical properties to diesel fuel, so it is receiving a lot of attention as an eco-friendly alternative fuel. Biodiesel can be extracted from various substances of vegetable or animal origin and can also be extracted from waste resources discarded in nature. In this study, we used biodiesel blended fuel (B20) in a CRDI diesel engine to study the characteristics of gases emitted during combustion in the engine’s idling state. There were a total of four types of biodiesels used in the experiment. New Soybean Oil and New Lard Oil extracted from new resources and Waste Soybean Fried Oil and Waste Barbecue Lard Oil extracted from waste resources were used, and the gaseous substances emitted during combustion with pure diesel fuel and with the biodiesels were compared and analyzed. It was confirmed that all four B20 biodiesels had a reduction effect on PM, CO, and HC emissions, excluding NOx emissions, compared to pure diesel in terms of the emissions generated during combustion under no-load idling conditions. In particular, New Soybean Oil had the highest PM reduction rate of 20.3% compared to pure diesel, and Waste Soybean Fried Oil had the highest CO and HC reduction rates of 36.6% and 19.3%, respectively. However, NOx was confirmed to be highest in New Soybean Oil, and Waste Barbecue Lard Oil was the highest in fuel consumption. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Bioenergy and Waste-to-Energy Technologies)
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19 pages, 4442 KiB  
Article
Analysis of the Solar Pyrolysis of a Walnut Shell: Insights into the Thermal Behavior of Biomaterials
by Arturo Aspiazu-Méndez, Nidia Aracely Cisneros-Cárdenas, Carlos Pérez-Rábago, Aurora M. Pat-Espadas, Fabio Manzini-Poli and Claudio A. Estrada
Energies 2024, 17(6), 1435; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17061435 - 16 Mar 2024
Viewed by 475
Abstract
The state of Sonora, Mexico, stands as one of the leading producers of pecan nuts in the country, which are commercialized without shells, leaving behind this unused residue. Additionally, this region has abundant solar resources, as shown by its high levels of direct [...] Read more.
The state of Sonora, Mexico, stands as one of the leading producers of pecan nuts in the country, which are commercialized without shells, leaving behind this unused residue. Additionally, this region has abundant solar resources, as shown by its high levels of direct normal irradiance (DNI). This study contributes to research efforts aimed at achieving a synergy between concentrated solar energy technology and biomass pyrolysis processes, with the idea of using the advantages of organic waste to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and avoiding the combustion of conventional pyrolysis through the concentration of solar thermal energy. The objective of this study is to pioneer a new experimental analysis methodology in research on solar pyrolysis reactors. The two main features of this new methodology are, firstly, the comparison of temperature profiles during the heating of inert and reactive materials and, secondly, the analysis of heating rates. This facilitated a better interpretation of the observed phenomenon. The methodology encompasses two different thermal experiments: (A) the pyrolysis of pecan shells and (B) the heating–cooling process of the biochar produced in experiment (A). Additionally, an experiment involving the heating of volcanic stone is presented, which reveals the temperature profiles of an inert material and serves as a comparative reference with experiment (B). In this experimental study, 50 g of pecan shells were subjected to pyrolysis within a cylindrical stainless-steel reactor with a volume of 156 cm3, heated by concentrated radiation from a solar simulator. Three different heat fluxes were applied (234, 482, and 725 W), resulting in maximum reaction temperatures of 382, 498, and 674 °C, respectively. Pyrolysis gas analyses (H2, CO, CO2, and CH4) and characterization of the obtained biochar were conducted. The analysis of heating rates, both for biochar heating and biomass pyrolysis, facilitated the identification, differentiation, and interpretation of processes such as moisture evaporation, tar production endpoint, cellulosic material pyrolysis, and lignin degradation. This analysis proved to be a valuable tool as it revealed heating and cooling patterns that were not previously identified. The potential implications of this tool would be associated with improvements in the design and operation protocols of solar reactors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Bioenergy and Waste-to-Energy Technologies)
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