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Control in Mechanical-Electrical Energy Conversion System
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Control in Mechanical-Electrical Energy Conversion System

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F: Electrical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (18 April 2023) | Viewed by 9943

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Shengquan Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Electrical, Energy and Power Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
Interests: anti-disturbance based controllers and their applications, mechatronics, system implementation with model-based design
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Jinya Su

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
Interests: Intelligent autonomous systems; artifical intelligence; UAV inspection
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Huimin Ouyang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Electrical Engineering and Control Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
Interests: underactuated system control; nonlinear control

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Energy is the fundamental need of our everyday life, where energy conversion and energy storage are two key fundamental elements of energy systems. Mechanical-electrical energy conversion systems, including renewable energy systems, motor drive devices, power electronic converters, smart structures and systems, robotic arms, cranes, etc., play a paramount role in modern energy systems and generally have a high requirement on system performance and safety. Unfortunately, external disturbances and system uncertainties (parameters, dynamics, model error), sensor measurement noise, time delay and nonlinear characteristics, widely exist in all practical engineering systems and inevitably lead to serious adverse effects on system dynamic and static performance or even system stability. Control theory and technology are critical for mechanical–electrical energy conversion systems, which are able to obtain excellent performances of the energy conversion system and therefore are drawing ever-increasing research attention.

In this Special Issue, we aim at disseminating the latest research findings of Control in Mechanical–Electrical Energy Conversion Systems. It includes, but is not limited to, modelling, control, monitoring, optimization, etc of mechanical–electrical energy conversion systems. Both theoretical and experimental works are welcome, especially those including validation with real-world data or experiments. Recently, interests in data-driven modelling, anti-disturbance-based control scheme and optimization of intelligent algorithms have been raised. Therefore, papers exploring the integration of mechanical-electrical energy conversion systems in these topics are also encouraged.

The topics of interest within the scope of this research topic include but are not limited to

  • Modelling, simulation and control of mechanical-electrical energy conversion systems;
  • Classification, analysis and attenuation of disturbances/uncertainties on engineering systems;
  • Theoretical analysis and practical application of discrete/continuous control methods;
  • Control and optimization of mechatronics systems;
  • Application of AI and data-driven methods to mechanical-electrical systems;
  • Models, simulators, and tests for renewable energy system;
  • Mobile robot navigation and autonomous learning;
  • High precision control and hardware implementation of servo system;
  • Topology design and control of novel power electronic converters
  • Fault diagnosis and fault tolerant control of electro-mechanical systems.

Prof. Dr. Shengquan Li
Dr. Jinya Su
Dr. Huimin Ouyang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • control in mechanical-electrical energy conversion system
  • advanced control methods
  • modelling simulation and analysis
  • data driven method
  • hardware implementation
  • analysis of internal and external disturbances
  • fault detection
  • fault tolerant control
  • renewable energy systems
  • servo system
  • power electronic
  • smart structure and system
  • robot
  • crane

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 5019 KiB  
Article
Research on Low-Carbon Energy Sharing through the Alliance of Integrated Energy Systems with Multiple Uncertainties
by Zhihan Shi, Weisong Han, Guangming Zhang, Zhiqing Bai, Mingxiang Zhu and Xiaodong Lv
Energies 2022, 15(24), 9604; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15249604 - 18 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1428
Abstract
It is of great significance to introduce the conception of a sharing economy into the electricity industry, which can promote the dispatch of multiple integrated energy systems. On the one hand, it is difficult to reveal the behaviors of complex players with multi-energy [...] Read more.
It is of great significance to introduce the conception of a sharing economy into the electricity industry, which can promote the dispatch of multiple integrated energy systems. On the one hand, it is difficult to reveal the behaviors of complex players with multi-energy coupling through the traditional centralized optimization method of single electric energy. On the other hand, the uncertain fluctuations of renewable energy, such as wind power and photovoltaic, have posed great challenges to market transactions. First, the relationship and the functions of all stakeholders in the system are described in this paper, followed by the establishment of flexible resource models such as demand response and energy storage devices. On this basis, a low-carbon dispatching framework of multiple regional gas–electric integrated energy systems is then constructed under the guidance of cooperative game theory. The contribution indexes are established to measure the degree of energy sharing among the subsystems, and the method of asymmetric Nash bargaining is used to settle the interests of each subsystem. Second, a robust optimization model of multiple regional systems is established in response to multiple uncertainties from renewable energy and load. Finally, the numerical example proves that the proposed mechanism can increase the benefits of each integrated energy system player. Moreover, it helps the system to yield optimal benefits in the face of uncertainties and provides a reference on how to realize energy sharing under uncertainties from source load. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control in Mechanical-Electrical Energy Conversion System)
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15 pages, 1316 KiB  
Article
A Composite Control Method for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor System with Nonlinearly Parameterized-Uncertainties
by Shenghui Li, Zhenxing Sun and Ying Shi
Energies 2022, 15(19), 7354; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15197354 - 6 Oct 2022
Viewed by 925
Abstract
In many industrial practices, it needs a permanent magnet synchronous motor to provide enough torque, such as autonomous vehicle driving. In the operation of a permanent magnet synchronous motor, the nonlinearly parameterized-uncertainties degrade control performances, causing the instability of motor speed and output [...] Read more.
In many industrial practices, it needs a permanent magnet synchronous motor to provide enough torque, such as autonomous vehicle driving. In the operation of a permanent magnet synchronous motor, the nonlinearly parameterized-uncertainties degrade control performances, causing the instability of motor speed and output torques. Based on the analysis of temperature effects and friction torque model, a composite controller is proposed in this paper which considers model uncertainties and external disturbances. An adaptive controller involving an online time-varying scaling gain is employed to eliminate the influence of nonlinearly parameterized-uncertainties. In addition, an extended state observer (ESO) is used to estimate the disturbance in the control system in which the estimated value is used to compensate for the feed-forward. Numerical simulation and experiment are performed and the results show that the proposed method may alleviate the performance degradation due to nonlinearly parameterized-uncertainties and disturbances. Simultaneously, it may improve the stability and anti-disturbance capacities of the system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control in Mechanical-Electrical Energy Conversion System)
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21 pages, 10163 KiB  
Article
Quantitative Power Flow Characterization of Energy Harvesting Shock Absorbers by Considering Motion Bifurcation
by Jing Li, Peiben Wang, Yuewen Gao, Dong Guan and Shengquan Li
Energies 2022, 15(19), 6887; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15196887 - 20 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1152
Abstract
Vibration energy harvesting technology can capture ambient energy forms. Using an energy harvesting shock absorber (EHSA) is one of the methods to achieve this function. The EHSA with mechanical motion rectifier (MMR) has motion bifurcation, which can improve energy harvesting performance and reduce [...] Read more.
Vibration energy harvesting technology can capture ambient energy forms. Using an energy harvesting shock absorber (EHSA) is one of the methods to achieve this function. The EHSA with mechanical motion rectifier (MMR) has motion bifurcation, which can improve energy harvesting performance and reduce the impact between gears. However, the motion bifurcation makes it difficult to quantitatively predict the vibrational energy dissipation and energy harvesting of the MMR−EHSA. Evaluating the performance of an MMR−EHSA during the design phase becomes highly complex. In this paper, a novel nonlinear dynamics model of MMR−EHSAs is established to solve motion bifurcation and quantitative power flow. Furthermore, the proposed MMR−EHSA prototype is fabricated, and dynamics testing is initiated to verify the theoretical model under harmonic vibration. The testing results show that the theoretical model can predict the working characterization of MMR−EHSAs. The resistance of optimal harvesting energy and maximum damping power is revealed by the quantitative power flow model under harmonic vibration. In addition, the working performance under random vibration is discussed. The proposed nonlinear dynamics model has advantages when solving random vibration input and has potential for practical application. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control in Mechanical-Electrical Energy Conversion System)
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21 pages, 5018 KiB  
Article
Low Resistance Hot-Spot Diagnosis and Suppression of Photovoltaic Module Based on I-U Characteristic Analysis
by Qiang Ge, Zhenzhi Li, Ziming Sun, Jin Xu, Heng Long and Tao Sun
Energies 2022, 15(11), 3950; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15113950 - 27 May 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1446
Abstract
In the hot-spot fault of photovoltaic modules, there is a low resistance hot-spot fault caused by crystal defects, such as internal crack and PN junction failure. When the faulty area is partially shaded, it will produce severe temperature rise, accelerate the aging of [...] Read more.
In the hot-spot fault of photovoltaic modules, there is a low resistance hot-spot fault caused by crystal defects, such as internal crack and PN junction failure. When the faulty area is partially shaded, it will produce severe temperature rise, accelerate the aging of battery unit, and even cause fire, which will affect the safe operation of the photovoltaic system. In this paper, the low resistance hot-spot fault endangering the safe operation of photovoltaic modules is taken as the research object; the shunt effect of equivalent low resistance caused by crystal defects under local shadow occlusion is explained by using the reverse characteristic of PN junctions of battery units, and its failure mechanism is analyzed. The three working states of the power generation system and the formation conditions of hot-spots in the process of power generation are analyzed in detail. By building a simulation model, the heating power distribution characteristics of hot-spots under different external local shadow occlusions are simulated, and finally, the fault characteristics and the fault diagnosis criterion of low resistance hot-spots are obtained. A control algorithm for low resistance hot-spot diagnosis and suppression based on I-U characteristic analysis is designed, and verified by simulation and experiment. The experimental results show that the control algorithm proposed in this paper can use the I-U characteristics of photovoltaic modules to determine whether there is a low resistance hot-spot fault, and carry out real-time control according to the judgment results. If it is judged that a low resistance hot-spot module is partially shaded, actively fixing the working point of the system near the safe voltage will protect the safety of the photovoltaic module. Otherwise, performing global MPPT will ensure the maximum power output of the system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control in Mechanical-Electrical Energy Conversion System)
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18 pages, 8978 KiB  
Article
ADRC Control System of PMLSM Based on Novel Non-Singular Terminal Sliding Mode Observer
by Zheng Li, Zihao Zhang, Jinsong Wang, Shaohua Wang, Xuetong Chen and Hexu Sun
Energies 2022, 15(10), 3720; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15103720 - 19 May 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1711
Abstract
In an attempt to solve the problem of the many parameters of the traditional active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) and to accurately estimate the mover position and speed required by a permanent magnet synchronous linear motor (PMLSM) system, an improved ADRC and a [...] Read more.
In an attempt to solve the problem of the many parameters of the traditional active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) and to accurately estimate the mover position and speed required by a permanent magnet synchronous linear motor (PMLSM) system, an improved ADRC and a novel nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode observer (NFTSMO) are proposed. Firstly, the traditional first-order ADRC is simplified, the tracking differentiator (TD) module is removed, and the direct error is used to replace the nonlinear function in the extended state observer (ESO) and nonlinear state error feedback (NLSEF) module. Based on the traditional NFTSMO, the smooth back electromotive force (EMF) is obtained by adding the TD to reduce the phase delay caused by the low-pass filter in the traditional sliding mode observer (SMO), and the actuator position and speed information are modulated from the observed back EMF based on the principle of a phase-locked loop (PLL). Simulation and experiments show that this method not only simplifies the system structure of PMLSM but also optimizes many parameters in ADRC while retaining the original excellent performance. Compared with the traditional NFTSMO, the improved NFTSMO enhances the observation accuracy, reduces the chattering phenomenon of the system, and improves the robustness of the system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control in Mechanical-Electrical Energy Conversion System)
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25 pages, 4866 KiB  
Article
Adaptive Neural Network Global Nonsingular Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Control for a Real Time Ground Simulation of Aerodynamic Heating Produced by Hypersonic Vehicles
by Xiaodong Lv, Guangming Zhang, Mingxiang Zhu, Huimin Ouyang, Zhihan Shi, Zhiqing Bai and Igor V. Alexandrov
Energies 2022, 15(9), 3284; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15093284 - 30 Apr 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1693
Abstract
This paper presents a strategy for a thermal-structural test with quartz lamp heaters (TSTQLH), combined with an ultra-local model, a closed-loop controller, a linear extended state observer (LESO), and an auxiliary controller. The TSTQLH is a real time ground simulation of aerodynamic heating [...] Read more.
This paper presents a strategy for a thermal-structural test with quartz lamp heaters (TSTQLH), combined with an ultra-local model, a closed-loop controller, a linear extended state observer (LESO), and an auxiliary controller. The TSTQLH is a real time ground simulation of aerodynamic heating for hypersonic vehicles to optimize their thermal protection systems (TPS). However, lack of a system dynamic model for the TSTQLH results in inaccurate tracking of aerodynamic heating. In addition, during the control process, the TSTQLH has internal uncertainties of resistance and external disturbances. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a mathematical model between controllable α(t) and measurable T1(t). An ultra-local model of model-free control plays a crucial role in simplifying system complexity and reducing high-order terms due to high nonlinearities and strong couplings in the system dynamic model, and a global nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode control (GNFTSMC) is added to an ultra-local model, which is used to guarantee great tracking performance in the sliding phase and fast convergence to the equilibrium state in finite time. Moreover, the LESO is used mainly to estimate all disturbances in real time, and an adaptive neural network (ANN) shows a good approximation property in compensation for estimation errors by using a cubic B-spline function. The fitted curve of the wall temperature in the time sequence represents a reference temperature trajectory from the surface contour of an X-43A’s wing. The comparative results validate that the proposed control strategy possesses strong robustness to track the reference temperature trajectory. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control in Mechanical-Electrical Energy Conversion System)
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