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Advancements in the Production and Application Technologies of Green Hydrogen...
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Advancements in the Production and Application Technologies of Green Hydrogen Energy

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A5: Hydrogen Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 April 2026) | Viewed by 7727

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Zhiqiang Xie

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China
Interests: green hydrogen production; water electrolysis; fuel cells; batteries
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The application of green hydrogen has been expanding beyond traditional energy sectors, making significant inroads into renewable energy systems, transportation, industrial processes, and the decarbonization of various industries. This surge in interest has spurred advancements in the production and application technologies of green hydrogen, characterized by their efficiency, scalability, and environmental sustainability.

This Special Issue is dedicated to presenting and disseminating the latest research and technological breakthroughs in the production and application technology of green hydrogen energy. We aim to highlight the innovations that are propelling the green hydrogen sector towards a more sustainable and carbon-neutral future.

Topics of interest for publication in this Special Issue include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Advanced electrolysis techniques for green hydrogen production;
  • Integration of renewable energy sources with hydrogen production systems;
  • Innovative hydrogen storage materials and technologies;
  • Advancements in fuel cell technologies;
  • Safety and regulatory frameworks for green hydrogen production and usage;
  • Carbon capture and utilization technologies in the context of hydrogen production;
  • Advanced modeling and simulation tools for green hydrogen systems;
  • Condition monitoring and fault tolerance in hydrogen production and utilization equipment.

Case studies and pilot projects demonstrating the practical application of green hydrogen technologies.

Dr. Zhiqiang Xie
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hydrogen generation
  • hydrogen storage
  • hydrogen utilization
  • water electrolysis
  • photovoltaic–hydrogen systems
  • fuel cells

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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23 pages, 7273 KB  
Article
Numerical Investigation of the Effects of Anode Microstructural Parameters on SOEC Performance
by Haoran Li, Jiale Long, Yuan Lu, Zihan Lin and Mingjue Zhou
Energies 2026, 19(9), 2184; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19092184 - 30 Apr 2026
Viewed by 245
Abstract
Solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) are regarded as a promising technology for sustainable hydrogen production because of their high energy conversion efficiency. In this study, a multiphysics numerical model combined with a random particle packing framework was used to evaluate the influence of [...] Read more.
Solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) are regarded as a promising technology for sustainable hydrogen production because of their high energy conversion efficiency. In this study, a multiphysics numerical model combined with a random particle packing framework was used to evaluate the influence of anode microstructural parameters on the electrochemical performance of a button-type SOEC. The effects of anode porosity, particle size, and electrode thickness on current density were systematically analyzed. Increasing porosity from 0.3 to 0.5 reduced the current density because of the decreased fraction of electrochemically active material. Increasing the anode particle size from 50 to 300 nm significantly shortened the triple-phase boundary (TPB) length, leading to a decrease in current density from 6289 to 5502 A m−2. The effect of anode thickness reflects a trade-off between electrochemical activity and gas transport, with the current density increasing from 5502 to 5940 A m−2 as the thickness increased from 10 to 20 μm. Overall, the results highlight the coupled roles of reaction-site availability and oxygen transport in determining SOEC performance. This study provides a parametric assessment of how anode microstructure affects SOEC performance and may support the structural optimization of SOEC oxygen electrodes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in the Production and Application Technologies of Green Hydrogen Energy)
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18 pages, 4112 KB  
Article
Hydrophilic Treatment Methods for Porous Transport Layers on Bubble Management and Electrolysis Performance in Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer
by Xuezhi Bao, Bo Huang, Ziqing Wang, Luhaibo Zhao, Haibo Wu, Shen Xu, Guoliang Wang and Zhiyong Tang
Energies 2026, 19(9), 2107; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19092107 - 27 Apr 2026
Viewed by 444
Abstract
The hydrophilicity of the porous transport layer (PTL) critically influences the mass transport overpotential and overall efficiency of a proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE). In this study, titanium felts with three distinct levels of hydrophilicity are systematically characterized and evaluated electrochemically. A [...] Read more.
The hydrophilicity of the porous transport layer (PTL) critically influences the mass transport overpotential and overall efficiency of a proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE). In this study, titanium felts with three distinct levels of hydrophilicity are systematically characterized and evaluated electrochemically. A novel bilayer gradient hydrophilic titanium felt structure is designed, resulting in notable performance improvements: the average cell voltage decreases by 12.92%, and the overpotential is reduced by 9.94–18.03% across a current density range of 0.1–1.6 A·cm−2. High-speed imaging reveals that the gradient hydrophilic structure effectively regulates bubble dynamics, nearly eliminating annular flow bubbles, reducing the proportion of slug flow bubbles by 40.78%, decreasing the bubble detachment diameter by 28.26%, and enhancing bubble displacement by 51.03% compared to that of untreated titanium felt. These results demonstrate that gradient hydrophilic structures can significantly enhance PEMWE performance, offering a promising strategy and a theoretical foundation for optimizing mass transfer in electrolytic systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in the Production and Application Technologies of Green Hydrogen Energy)
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25 pages, 4723 KB  
Article
Multiphysics Modelling Flow Disturbance Optimization of Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis Under Bubble Effects
by Chengming Du, Bo Huang, Ziqing Wang, Luhaibo Zhao, Haibo Wu, Shen Xu, Guoliang Wang and Zhiyong Tang
Energies 2026, 19(2), 437; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19020437 - 15 Jan 2026
Viewed by 651
Abstract
In Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis (PEMWE), the two-phase flow distribution in the anode field significantly affects overall electrolysis performance. Based on visualized experimental data, in this paper, the reaction kinetics equations were theoretically revised, and a three-dimensional, two-phase, non-isothermal, multi-physics coupled model [...] Read more.
In Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis (PEMWE), the two-phase flow distribution in the anode field significantly affects overall electrolysis performance. Based on visualized experimental data, in this paper, the reaction kinetics equations were theoretically revised, and a three-dimensional, two-phase, non-isothermal, multi-physics coupled model of the electrolysis was developed and experimentally validated. Four different configurations of rectangular turbulence promoters were designed within the anode serpentine flow field and compared with a conventional serpentine flow field (SFF) in terms of their multi-physics distribution characteristics. The results showed that, in the double-row rectangular block serpentine flow field (DRB SFF), the uniformity of liquid water saturation, temperature, and current density improved by 16.6%, 0.49% and 40.8%, respectively. The normal mass transfer coefficient increased by a factor of 6.3, and polarization performance improved by 6.98%. A cross-arranged turbulence promoter structure was further proposed. This design maintains effective turbulence while reducing flow resistance and pressure drop, thereby enhancing mass transfer efficiency and overall electrolysis performance through improved bubble fragmentation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in the Production and Application Technologies of Green Hydrogen Energy)
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11 pages, 2775 KB  
Article
Influence of the Porous Transport Layer Surface Structure on Overpotentials in PEM Water Electrolysis
by Shufeng Yang, Bin Hou, Zhiqiang Xie and Gaoqiang Yang
Energies 2025, 18(16), 4396; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18164396 - 18 Aug 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1958
Abstract
The engineering of porous transport layer (PTL)–catalyst layer (CL) interfacial architecture plays a critical role in optimizing the performance of proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs). Particularly, at the PTL-CL interface, our results reveal that anode catalyst loadings affect the modulation of the [...] Read more.
The engineering of porous transport layer (PTL)–catalyst layer (CL) interfacial architecture plays a critical role in optimizing the performance of proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs). Particularly, at the PTL-CL interface, our results reveal that anode catalyst loadings affect the modulation of the PTL surface structure on the overpotentials of PEMWEs. Under high anode catalyst loadings, the magnitude of overpotentials is predominantly governed by the electronic conductivity and mass transport resistance within the CL, where the modifying effects of PTL-CL interfacial contact characteristics become negligible. However, when the catalyst loading is reduced, the PTL-CL interfacial contact characteristics become critical for electron conduction, mass transport, and kinetic reaction. Under low catalyst loadings, the etched PTL demonstrates a maximum reduction of 59 mV compared to the pristine PTL at 4 A/cm2, with the former exhibiting a 10 mΩ·cm2 reduction. Meanwhile, the etched PTL integrated with a cell demonstrates superior performance in both mass transport and kinetic overpotentials compared to a pristine PTL. This clearly indicates that the surface structure of the PTL plays an increasingly significant role in regulating the overpotentials of PEMWEs as the catalyst loadings decrease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in the Production and Application Technologies of Green Hydrogen Energy)
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16 pages, 5503 KB  
Article
Impact of Multiple Inlet and Outlet Structures of Bipolar Plate Channel on the Mass Transport in ALK Electrolyzers
by Wanxiang Zhao, Chengjie Xu, Mingya Chen, Shuiyong Wang, Lin Yang, Yimin Zhang, Mengqi Luo, Zishuo Li and Zhiyuan Wang
Energies 2025, 18(11), 2771; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18112771 - 26 May 2025
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1804
Abstract
The flow channel structure in alkaline electrolyzers critically impacts electrolyte distribution uniformity, influencing stagnant zones, gas bubble accumulation, and electrode reactions. Conventional concave–convex bipolar plates cause uneven flow and reduced current density. Therefore, a scaled-down-sized multiple inlet setup coupled with the bipolar plate [...] Read more.
The flow channel structure in alkaline electrolyzers critically impacts electrolyte distribution uniformity, influencing stagnant zones, gas bubble accumulation, and electrode reactions. Conventional concave–convex bipolar plates cause uneven flow and reduced current density. Therefore, a scaled-down-sized multiple inlet setup coupled with the bipolar plate channel of three typical concave–convex structures was designed to improve the uniformity of electrolyte. Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics was employed to analyze the flow characteristics in the channels. The results indicated that in the single inlet/outlet model, the velocity near the center axis along the mainstream direction was higher than at the edge of the channels, resulting in a non-uniform flow distribution. The vorticity intensity gradually decreased along the flow direction, while the multiple inlet/outlet structure strengthened the intensity. The multiple inlet model allowed for the electrolyte flow across more areas along the channel and enhanced the velocity uniformity. According to the velocity uniformity evaluation criteria, the flow uniformity index of the three-inlet square concave–convex structure was the highest, reaching 0.80 at the middle cross-section normal to the incoming flow and 0.88 parallel to the flow. This study may help provide a useful guide for the design and optimization of efficient electrolyzer in alkaline water electrolysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in the Production and Application Technologies of Green Hydrogen Energy)
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Review

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37 pages, 3987 KB  
Review
Hydrogen Production from Marine Renewable Energy: A Review
by Min Ning, Yuanxin Yao, Yuechen Zhan, Feng Pan, Yongjie Fu, Daoyi Chen, Mucong Zi and Mengran Shi
Energies 2025, 18(24), 6490; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18246490 - 11 Dec 2025
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1970
Abstract
Hydrogen energy, with its high calorific value and zero carbon emissions, serves as a crucial solution for addressing global energy and environmental challenges while achieving carbon neutrality. The ocean offers abundant renewable energy resources including offshore wind, solar, and marine energy, along with [...] Read more.
Hydrogen energy, with its high calorific value and zero carbon emissions, serves as a crucial solution for addressing global energy and environmental challenges while achieving carbon neutrality. The ocean offers abundant renewable energy resources including offshore wind, solar, and marine energy, along with vast seawater reserves, making it an ideal platform for green hydrogen production. This review systematically examines recent research progress in several key marine hydrogen production approaches: seawater electrolysis through both desalination-coupled and direct methods, photocatalytic seawater splitting, biological hydrogen production via algae and bacteria, and hybrid renewable energy systems, each demonstrating varying levels of technological development and industrial readiness. Despite significant advancements, challenges remain, such as reduced electrolysis efficiency caused by seawater impurities, high costs of catalysts and corrosion-resistant materials, and the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources. Future improvements require innovations in catalyst design, membrane technology, and system integration to enhance efficiency, durability, and economic feasibility. The review concludes by outlining the technological development directions for marine hydrogen energy, highlighting how hydrogen production from marine renewable energy can facilitate a sustainable blue economy through large-scale renewable energy storage and utilization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in the Production and Application Technologies of Green Hydrogen Energy)
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