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Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis in Power Electronics and Energy Storage Systems

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "D: Energy Storage and Application".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 January 2025 | Viewed by 4960

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Khaled Laadjal

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CISE - Electromechatronic Systems Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Calçada Fonte do Lameiro, P - 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
Interests: condition monitoring and fault diagnosis in power electronics systems; energy storage system components and AC machines
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Antonio J. Marques Cardoso

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CISE—Electromechatronic Systems Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Calçada Fonte do Lameiro, P-6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
Interests: diagnosis and fault tolerance of electrical machines, power electronics and drives
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nowadays, power electronics and energy storage systems (ESSs) are essential in a number of applications, including the electrification of electric vehicles (EVs), a modern integrated grid, renewable energy systems, etc. The hybridization of ESSs with advanced power electronic technologies has a major effect on the optimum use of power, leading to advanced ESS technologies. These systems are frequently subjected to mechanical and electrical stresses, temperature fluctuations, and vibration, all of which enhance the risk of equipment failures. Faulty components result in unanticipated interruptions, substantial safety concerns, or sizable operating losses. Energy storage systems are currently facing difficulties because they need to be cost-competitive, compact, efficient, safe, and reliable; take up little space; and last for a long time.

In order to overcome these issues and eliminate unintended failures by early fault detection, it is desirable to diagnose the underlying degradation, and to forecast the extent of unsatisfactory performance through online real-time monitoring techniques. These techniques need to comprehend the failure processes and modes discovered through accelerated aging testing, multi-physics modelling, and physics-of-failure analysis. Online condition monitoring and early-warning technologies are built for various components and systems based on the identified failure precursors from these assessments. This Special Issue aims to provide an opportunity for scientists, researchers, and practicing engineers to share and disseminate their latest discoveries and results in the aforementioned fields, indicating the future trends for condition monitoring and fault diagnosis in power electronics and energy storage systems.

Topics include, but are not limited to, the following research areas:

  • Fault detection and fault tolerance in energy storage systems;
  • Advancements in semiconductor and packaging reliability;
  • Failure modes, failure mechanisms, and failure physics;
  • Fault diagnosis and failure prognosis tools;
  • Battery management systems (BMS);
  • Life time diagnostic of supercapacitors;
  • State-of-charge and state-of-health estimation;
  • Lifetime modeling and RUL estimation tools ;
  • Thermal performance of energy storage systems;
  • Fault diagnosis of power electronics in energy storage systems;
  • Artificial intelligence and machine learning for the performance analysis, diagnosis, and management of power electronics and energy storage systems.

Dr. Khaled Laadjal
Prof. Dr. Antonio J. Marques Cardoso
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 2905 KiB  
Article
A Novel Lock-In Amplification-Based Frequency Component Extraction Method for Performance Analysis and Power Monitoring of Grid-Connected Systems
by Abdur Rehman, Taeho An and Woojin Choi
Energies 2024, 17(18), 4580; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17184580 - 12 Sep 2024
Viewed by 350
Abstract
Recently, the increasing concern for climate control has led to the widespread application of grid-connected inverter (GIC)-based renewable-energy systems. In addition, the increased usage of non-linear loads and electrification of the transport sector cause ineffective grid-frequency management and the introduction of harmonics. These [...] Read more.
Recently, the increasing concern for climate control has led to the widespread application of grid-connected inverter (GIC)-based renewable-energy systems. In addition, the increased usage of non-linear loads and electrification of the transport sector cause ineffective grid-frequency management and the introduction of harmonics. These grid conditions affect power quality and result in uncertainty and inaccuracy in monitoring and measurement. Incorrect measurement leads to overbilling/underbilling, ineffective demand and supply forecasts for the power system, and inefficient performance analysis. To address the outlined problem, a novel, three-phase frequency component extraction and power measurement method based on Digital Lock-in Amplifier (DLIA) and Digital Lock-in Amplifier–Frequency-Locked Loop (DLIA–FLL) is proposed to provide accurate measurements under the conditions of harmonics and frequency offset. A combined filter, with a lowpass filter and notch filter, is employed to improve computation speed for DLIA. A comparative study is performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed power measurement approach, by comparing the proposed method to the windowed interpolated fast Fourier transform (WIFFT). The ZERA COM 3003 (a commercial high-accuracy power measurement instrument) is used as the reference instrument in the experiment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis in Power Electronics and Energy Storage Systems)
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16 pages, 10279 KiB  
Article
A High-Speed Multichannel Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy System Using Broadband Multi-Sine Binary Perturbation for Retired Li-Ion Batteries of Electric Vehicles
by Muhammad Sheraz and Woojin Choi
Energies 2024, 17(12), 2979; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17122979 - 17 Jun 2024
Viewed by 694
Abstract
Retired electric vehicle (EV) batteries are reused in second-life energy storage applications. However, the overall performance of repurposed energy storage systems (ESSs) is limited by the variability in the individual batteries used. Therefore, battery grading is required for the optimal performance of ESSs. [...] Read more.
Retired electric vehicle (EV) batteries are reused in second-life energy storage applications. However, the overall performance of repurposed energy storage systems (ESSs) is limited by the variability in the individual batteries used. Therefore, battery grading is required for the optimal performance of ESSs. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)-based evaluation of battery aging is a promising way to grade lithium-ion batteries. However, it is not practical to measure the impedance of mass-retired batteries due to their high complexity and slowness. In this paper, a broadband multi-sine binary signal (MSBS) perturbation integrated with a multichannel EIS system is presented to measure the impedance spectra for the high-speed aging evaluation of lithium-ion batteries or modules. The measurement speed is multiple times higher than that of the conventional EIS. The broadband MSBS is validated with a reference sinusoidal sweep perturbation, and the corresponding root-mean-square error (RMSE) analysis is performed. Moreover, the accuracy of the presented multichannel EIS system is validated by impedance spectra measurements of Samsung INR18650-29E batteries and compared with those measured using a commercial EIS instrument. A chi-squared error under 0.641% is obtained for all channels. The non-linearity of batteries has a significant impact on the quality of impedance spectra. Therefore, Kronig–Kramer (KK) transform validation is also performed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis in Power Electronics and Energy Storage Systems)
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16 pages, 4727 KiB  
Article
ANN-Based Reliability Enhancement of SMPS Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors in Cold Environments
by Sunwoo Jeong, Akeem Bayo Kareem, Sungwook Song and Jang-Wook Hur
Energies 2023, 16(16), 6096; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16166096 - 21 Aug 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1488
Abstract
Due to their substantial energy density and economical pricing, switching-mode power supplies (SMPSs) often utilize electrolytic capacitors. However, their ability to function at low temperatures is essential for dependable operation in several sectors, including telecommunications, automotive, and aerospace. This study includes an experimental [...] Read more.
Due to their substantial energy density and economical pricing, switching-mode power supplies (SMPSs) often utilize electrolytic capacitors. However, their ability to function at low temperatures is essential for dependable operation in several sectors, including telecommunications, automotive, and aerospace. This study includes an experimental evaluation of how well standard SMPS electrolytic capacitors operate at low temperatures. This paper investigates the suitability of standard electrolytic capacitors used in switched-mode power supplies (SMPSs) for low-temperature applications. The experimental evaluation exposed the capacitors to temperatures ranging from −5 °C to −40 °C, assessing capacitance (Cp), impedance (Z), dissipation factor (DF), and equivalent series resistance (ESR) at each temperature. The capacitor’s time-domain electrical signals were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient to extract discriminative features. These features were input into an artificial neural network (ANN) for training and testing. The results indicated a significant impact of low temperatures on capacitor performance. Capacitance decreased with lower temperatures, while the ESR and leakage current increased, affecting stability and efficiency. Impedance was a valuable diagnostic tool for identifying potential capacitor failure, showing a 98.44% accuracy drop at −5 °C and 88.75% at the peak temperature, indicating proximity to the manufacturer’s specified limit. The study suggests further research and development to improve the performance of electrolytic capacitors in SMPS systems under cold conditions, aiming to boost efficiency and reliability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis in Power Electronics and Energy Storage Systems)
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Review

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45 pages, 4905 KiB  
Review
A Comprehensive Review on Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis in Fuel Cell Systems: Challenges and Issues
by Pedro Andrade, Khaled Laadjal, Adérito Neto Alcaso and Antonio J. Marques Cardoso
Energies 2024, 17(3), 657; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17030657 - 30 Jan 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1612
Abstract
The complexity of Fuel Cell (FC) systems demands a profound and sustained understanding of the various phenomena occurring inside of it. Thus far, FCs, especially Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs), have been recognized as being among the most promising technologies for reducing [...] Read more.
The complexity of Fuel Cell (FC) systems demands a profound and sustained understanding of the various phenomena occurring inside of it. Thus far, FCs, especially Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs), have been recognized as being among the most promising technologies for reducing Green House Gas (GHG) emissions because they can convert the chemical energy bonded to hydrogen and oxygen into electricity and heat. However, their efficiency remains limited. To enhance their efficiency, two distinct factors are suggested. First, the quality of materials plays a significant role in the development of more robust and efficient FCs. Second, the ability to identify, mitigate, and reduce the occurrence of faults through the use of robust control algorithms is crucial. Therefore, more focused on the second point, this paper compiles, distinguishes, and analyzes several publications from the past 25 years related to faults and their diagnostic techniques in FCs. Furthermore, the paper presents various schemes outlining different symptoms, their causes, and corresponding fault algorithms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis in Power Electronics and Energy Storage Systems)
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