Encyclopedia

Value is the result of the combined, conscious, and creative actions of caring, which promote sustainable prosperity. Despite its centrality in marketing theory, value is treated in the literature as a self-evident, abstract term denoting concepts as diverse as the desire to acquire goods or enjoy services, the benefits derived from using a product, the price of an object, or a customer’s contribution to business profits. This approach leads to amoral marketing decision-making focused on extracting value from stakeholders and accumulating it in the form of shareholder wealth. In this framework, the negative consequences of marketing actions for society and the natural environment are simply dismissed as externalities. This is not sustainable as it degrades the environment and increases wealth and human welfare disparities between individuals, groups, and societies. Drawing on conceptualisations of value from the fields of philosophy, semiotics, and economics, value is here defined as the result of the combined, conscious, and creative actions of caring which promote sustainable prosperity. As such, value is understood to be co-created by the interactions of various stakeholders and positioned as the link between individuals, companies, markets, society, and the natural environment. Marketing theory has traditionally viewed value creation and exchange as the result of dyadic interactions. The socioeconomic and technological milieu of the 21st century, however, creates a business ecosystem characterised by digitalisation, interconnectivity, and decentralisation which means that, the number of participants in value co-creation networks is increasing and potentially tending towards infinity. Consequently, marketing is reconceptualised as the values-driven mechanism for value formation, valuation, symbolism, exchange facilitation, and integration of the resources required for value co-creation and distribution aiming at contributing to sustainable prosperity. Virtuous marketers and mindful marketing practice can ensure the optimal use of resources and the maximisation and equitable distribution of welfare in the present without compromising the ability of future generations to continue to generate and enjoy value. Thus, by placing value at the centre of the business ecosystem, marketing contributes to sustainable prosperity.

The Sexual Intent Perceptions Questionnaire (SIP-Q) is a 25-item instrument designed to measure interpretations of women’s sexual willingness communicated via various behaviors. The instrument demonstrates high internal consistency using a 7-point Likert-type scale. Applications of the SIP-Q include assessing observers’ tendency to overperceive women’s sexual interest, testing the effects of drive states such as sexual arousal and feelings of power on ratings of women’s sexual interest, and exploring how variables such as physical attractiveness and actor–observer positionality may be associated with sexual perceptions. Studies employing the SIP-Q revealed that sexual arousal tends to increase ratings of sexual willingness, particularly among single men, and that women’s physical attractiveness can enhance these perceptions, especially when the man himself is the recipient of the woman’s behavior. The instrument is beneficial for examining sources of sexual miscommunication.

The high costs and time-consuming nature of space exploration missions are among the major barriers to studying deep space. The lack of samples and limited information make such studies challenging, highlighting the need for innovative solutions, including advanced data-mining techniques and tools such as geochemical modeling, as strategies for overcoming challenges in data scarcity. Geochemical modeling is a powerful tool for understanding the processes that govern the composition and distribution of elements and compounds in a system. In cosmology, space geochemical modeling could support cosmochemistry by simulating the evolution of the atmospheres, crusts, and interiors of astronomical objects and predicting the geochemical conditions of their surfaces or subsurfaces. This study uniquely focuses on the geochemical modeling of celestial bodies beyond Mars, fills a significant gap in the literature, and provides a vision of what has been done by analyzing, categorizing, and providing the critical points of these research objectives, exploring geochemical modeling aspects, and outcomes. To systematically trace the intellectual structure of this field, this study follows the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews. It includes a structured screening process that uses bibliographic methods to identify relevant studies. To this end, we developed the Custom Bibliometric Analyses Toolkit (CBAT), which includes modules for keyword extraction, targeted thematic mapping, and visual network representation. This toolkit enables the precise identification and analysis of relevant studies, providing a robust methodological framework for future research. Europa, Titan, and Enceladus are among the most studied celestial bodies, with spectrometry and thermodynamic models as the most prevalent methods, supported by tools such as FREZCHEM, PHREEQC, and CHNOSZ. By exploring geochemical modeling solutions, our systematic review serves to inform future exploration of distant celestial bodies and assist in ambitious questions such as habitability and the potential for extraterrestrial life in the outer solar system.