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Renewable Energy Integration in Power Grids: Trends, Challenges, and Stability Advances

A Special Issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292) belonging to the section "Power Electronics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 January 2027 | Viewed by 831

Editor


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Guest Editor
College of Engineering and Science Electrical Engineering, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA
Interests: smart grid; cyber-physical security; artificial intelligence

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The rapid integration of renewable energy sources, electric vehicles, and distributed energy resources (DERs) into modern power systems presents significant challenges for protection and control mechanisms. Traditional protection schemes, often based on fixed thresholds and centralized architectures, are increasingly inadequate in handling the complexity, variability, and cyber–physical interdependencies of today's smart grids. This Special Issue aims to explore the development and application of AI-driven multicriterial and adaptive systems that enhance the protection, monitoring, and control of modern power grids.

We welcome original research and comprehensive reviews that focus on machine learning, deep learning, and data-driven methods, offering robust, real-time, and scalable solutions. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, multicriterial decision-making in protection relays, adaptive fault detection and localization, federated learning for privacy-preserving grid analytics, and AI-powered control strategies for DER integration. Contributions related to Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) testing, physics-informed learning models, and cyber-resilient system architectures are also encouraged.

This Special Issue serves as a platform for academic and industry researchers to share advances that ensure grid resilience, security, and intelligence through adaptive and AI-based protection and control systems.

Potential topics include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • AI and machine learning algorithms for fault detection and localization;
  • Multicriterial decision-making techniques in power system protection;
  • Adaptive protection schemes for renewable and DER-integrated power systems;
  • Federated and distributed learning approaches for grid monitoring and control;
  • Cyber-resilient architectures for protection and control in smart grids;
  • Physics-informed machine learning models for grid stability and security;
  • Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) and CHIL-based testing of intelligent protection systems;
  • Real-time data analytics for adaptive grid operation and protection;
  • Protection and control strategies for microgrids and virtual power plants;
  • Digital twin and edge AI applications in power system protection.

Dr. Arif Hussain
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • power system protection
  • adaptive control systems
  • artificial intelligence (AI)
  • multicriteria decision-making
  • distributed energy resources (DERs)
  • machine learning and deep learning
  • cyber–physical systems
  • smart grids

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

37 pages, 3858 KB  
Review
Hyperscale Loads and Energy Storage: A Grid Code Compliance Perspective
by Hossam M. Hussein and Osama A. Mohammed
Electronics 2026, 15(12), 2669; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15122669 - 16 Jun 2026
Viewed by 309
Abstract
The rapid transition toward a converter-dominated power system, driven by high penetration of inverter-based resources (IBRs), the explosive growth of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, and large power electronic loads, is fundamentally altering grid dynamics and exposing critical limitations in conventional stability, protection, and [...] Read more.
The rapid transition toward a converter-dominated power system, driven by high penetration of inverter-based resources (IBRs), the explosive growth of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, and large power electronic loads, is fundamentally altering grid dynamics and exposing critical limitations in conventional stability, protection, and planning frameworks. Traditional metrics, such as the short-circuit ratio (SCR), have been shown to be insufficient for capturing impedance interactions, control coupling, and multi-timescale dynamics in such systems. This paper develops a unified, control-aware, and impedance-based modeling framework that accurately represents both grid-following and grid-forming behaviors. It highlights the increasingly active role of large-scale loads as grid-interactive resources with significant impacts on frequency and voltage stability, particularly in weak grids. In addition, battery energy storage systems (BESSs) are identified as a key enabler for providing fast dynamic support and mitigating variability across multiple timescales. A hierarchical assessment methodology combining system-strength screening, impedance-based stability analysis, Nyquist evaluation, and EMT-oriented validation is proposed to bridge conventional planning studies and converter-dominated system assessment. Key findings demonstrate that the reliable operation of future grids requires moving beyond steady-state and phasor-domain assumptions toward EMT-based validation, adaptive protection schemes, and coordinated grid-forming control strategies. The study further emphasizes the need for harmonized, performance-based grid codes to ensure the consistent integration of both generation and large loads. Overall, this work provides a comprehensive framework for the modeling, analysis, and control of inverter-dominated power systems, addressing critical gaps in current methodologies and supporting the secure evolution of modern power grids. Full article
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