International Perspectives on Inclusion in Education

A special issue of Education Sciences (ISSN 2227-7102).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 August 2023) | Viewed by 18545

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Faculty of Educational Sciences, Department of Education, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
Interests: disability studies in education; inclusive education

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Guest Editor
Department of Elementary Education, School of Education Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
Interests: inclusive education; disability studies

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Inclusion in education is a globally shared principle with the aim of guaranteeing, securing, and promoting the equality and equity of people by removing barriers to learning and social participation. It initially rose to the international professional area of research and practice from the Global North, particularly so among special education scholars in the USA. Thus, the trajectories of inclusion in education, including both advances and barriers, understandably take varying culturally engrained forms between nations. However, as argued by Danfoth and Naraian (2015), it is counterproductive for the agenda of inclusion in education to result in different interpretations and versions of inclusive education. Instead, they suggest that culturally situated programmatic responses to inclusion in education should be founded on cross-nationally shared conceptualization and intellectual resources that can best support educators globally. Inclusion in education is not an outcome but an ongoing principled process that requires commitment and dedication carried out through alignment between inclusive policies, culture, and practices.

This Special Issue calls for papers on inclusion in education focusing on (mis)alignments between inclusive policies, culture, and practices. We frame the focus of the Special Issue on inclusion in education instead of inclusive education primarily by virtue of our concern that the term inclusive education is on the verge of becoming an empty signifier.

Indeed, education scholarship, policies, and practice tend to narrow the scope of inclusive education to issues of academic learning and disability and reduce it to, or even equate it with, special education discipline and practices. The endeavor for inclusive education has become about adequately and preferably pre-emptively identifying, naming, and addressing the so-called “special education needs” (SEN) of students to provide quality education. While this can be seen as in alignment with the goals of international commitment to ensure quality education for all, education policies and reforms committed to and harnessing the SEN discourse simultaneously enable the implementation of integration, assimilation, and even segregation of students in the name of inclusive education – a likely result of retrenchment at the system level.

As depicted by Schuelka, Johnstone, Thomas and Artiles (2019, xxxiii) in their introduction to ‘The handbook of inclusion and diversity in education’, “inclusive education is meaningful only when embedded in understandings about community and communality; only when seen as both reflective of, and as creating, inclusion in society.” Promoting inclusive education by adhering to SEN discourse is not responsive to diverse and unequal contexts of schooling. Instead, political and sociocultural structures that shape the meaning of education ought to be explicitly incorporated into the inclusive education agenda. A positive sense of belonging, identities, health, safety, acceptance, learning, recognition, and friendships, as well as meaningful societal participation and contribution, including employment opportunities, are all part of inclusion in society and thus aims for inclusive education. Thus, research on inclusive education needs to take a variety of intersecting issues that pose barriers for access to quality education and society seriously. Class, gender, race, and disability, racialization, ableism, disablism, and hetero- and cis-normativity, as well as geographical location, poverty and resource allocation are examples of intersecting issues that pose barriers to inclusion in education.

This Special Issue welcomes work from a broad range of international contexts which examine inclusion in education in all educational stages, from early childhood education to higher education and vocational training. Submissions must make original contributions that are either theoretical or theorized empirical. Submissions must clearly state how inclusion in education is approached, situate the approach within the local contours of cultural–historical understandings and practices, and provide conceptual and/or practical implications with relevance for the international scholarship on inclusion in education. Articles that employ various disciplines and methodologies are equally welcomed. Instead, articles that reduce structural, social, and cultural processes into students’ individual characteristics, for example by employing disabling language and rhetoric (e.g., “students with SEN”; “students with behavioral problems”), or favor segregationist approaches to promote inclusion in education will be critically received by the editors. In such cases, we strongly encourage authors to adjust their arguments vis-à-vis cultural, political, structural or social contexts to better fit the focus of the special issue.

References:

Danforth, S. & Naraian, S. This New Field of Inclusive Education: Beginning a Dialogue on Conceptual Foundations. Intellectual and developmental disabilities 2015, 53(1), 70–85. DOI:10.1352/1934-9556-53.1.70.

Schuelka, M. J., Johsntone, C., J., Thomas, G. & Artiles, A., J. (2019). Introduction: Scholarship for diversity and inclusion in education in the 21st century. In The Sage Handbook of Inclusion and Diversity in Education. Schuelka, M. J., Johsntone, C., J., Thomas, G. & Artiles, A Eds.; Sage, London, 2019, pp. xxxiii.

Dr. Juho Honkasilta
Dr. Athanasios Koutsoklenis
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • inclusion
  • education
  • inclusive education
  • international
  • global

Published Papers (8 papers)

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14 pages, 297 KiB  
Article
Generations of the Community Perspective in Today’s Inclusive Education
by Mayka García-García and Manuel Cotrina-García
Educ. Sci. 2023, 13(10), 1027; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13101027 - 12 Oct 2023
Viewed by 863
Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of the emergence and development of the so-called community perspective of inclusive education. Our work aims to provide a conceptual framework where this community perspective is conceptualized, and the traits that characterize it from the viewpoint of researchers [...] Read more.
This paper presents an analysis of the emergence and development of the so-called community perspective of inclusive education. Our work aims to provide a conceptual framework where this community perspective is conceptualized, and the traits that characterize it from the viewpoint of researchers and academics that specialize in the subject are identified. To this end, a qualitative documentary review of an interpretative nature has been conducted through a systematic review of the relevant international literature from the last 40 years. This process has enabled us to demonstrate the existence of different generations within this community perspective. In this sense, the first generation that has been identified is supported by the organizational perspective of inclusive education, while the second generation is strongly influenced by what is nowadays known as inclusive research, which incorporates the ethics of inclusion, the voices of those involved and participation as identity hallmarks. While there is an evolution in the perspectives themselves, it is also concluded that they converge towards a common trunk that is defined by the collaboration, support and role played by the community in the articulation of inclusive cultures, policies and practices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue International Perspectives on Inclusion in Education)
14 pages, 277 KiB  
Article
Belonging in Online Synchronous Classrooms: Experiences of Minoritized Students in Dutch Higher Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic
by Tisja Korthals Altes, Seda Muftugil-Yalcin and Marieke Slootman
Educ. Sci. 2023, 13(10), 986; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13100986 - 27 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1404
Abstract
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, higher education in many countries suddenly moved online. The sudden move to online education forced teachers to adapt their teaching to an online context. The concept of belonging has been described as the next evolution of, and [...] Read more.
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, higher education in many countries suddenly moved online. The sudden move to online education forced teachers to adapt their teaching to an online context. The concept of belonging has been described as the next evolution of, and a characteristic that is central to, inclusion. Many have argued that inclusion can never be truly achieved without the presence of belonging. In this paper we ask important questions, such as how does the move to online education, with its lack of personal cues and heightened anonymity, influence minoritized students’ sense of belonging? What is the role of the sense of belonging for inclusion in education? From our data about the minoritized student experiences of belonging in online classrooms, three patterns emerged. (1) The most dominant experience was that the lack of connection in online classrooms reduced students’ sense of belonging. (2) In a few instances, however, the lack of connection and the heightened anonymity of online classrooms led to an increased sense of belonging and safety in online classrooms. (3) However, not all students experienced the switch to online education as a major change. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue International Perspectives on Inclusion in Education)
28 pages, 1756 KiB  
Article
Rising to the Challenge of Creating Equitable, Inclusive, and Compassionate School Communities in the Recovery Phase of the Pandemic: The Role of Aspiring Headteachers
by Joan G. Mowat and Anna Beck
Educ. Sci. 2023, 13(5), 524; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13050524 - 20 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1847
Abstract
Concerns have been raised globally about the impact of the pandemic on the mental health and wellbeing of children and young people (CYP). How prospective headteachers rose to the challenge posed by the pandemic in supporting the wellbeing of their school communities and [...] Read more.
Concerns have been raised globally about the impact of the pandemic on the mental health and wellbeing of children and young people (CYP). How prospective headteachers rose to the challenge posed by the pandemic in supporting the wellbeing of their school communities and reaching out to the most vulnerable CYP and families during the recovery phase is the focus of this paper. It is a longitudinal, principally qualitative study conducted in two phases with 60 former students of the Into Headship programme in Scotland. Phase 2 of the study drew on the accounts of eight students drawn from the primary, secondary, and special education sectors using individual interviews and focus group discussions. This paper draws on the accounts of three secondary sector participants in interview. Data were analysed via thematic analysis using a modified framework of King and Horrocks. The respondents had encountered a wide range of challenges and had been highly proactive in their approach through adopting both targeted and universal approaches to meeting need and addressing inequalities. The findings of this paper should inform the development of headship preparation programmes globally and the responses of schools in the recovery phase, furthering our understanding as to what constitutes inclusion in education. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue International Perspectives on Inclusion in Education)
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21 pages, 1252 KiB  
Article
The Importance of School Principals’ Values towards the Inclusive Education of Disabled Students: Associations between Their Values and Knowledge, Beliefs, Attitudes and Practices
by Anastasia Vlachou and Smaragdi S. Tsirantonaki
Educ. Sci. 2023, 13(4), 360; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13040360 - 30 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2990
Abstract
The current paper presents part of a broader, large-scale study regarding inclusive education and educational leadership in Greece that highlights the decisive role that school principals’ values play into shaping inclusive education. Its proposed theoretical model, based on extensive bibliographical research, explores the [...] Read more.
The current paper presents part of a broader, large-scale study regarding inclusive education and educational leadership in Greece that highlights the decisive role that school principals’ values play into shaping inclusive education. Its proposed theoretical model, based on extensive bibliographical research, explores the relationships between values, and knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and practices regarding the education of disabled students, highlighting that school principals’ values influence their beliefs and attitudes, and by extension their inclusive practices. Thus, the current paper presents a large-scale research on the proposed theoretical model with a representative sample of Greek primary and secondary education school principals. The data were collected with a composite questionnaire adapted and validated for the Greek context, which was electronically administered to a sample of 582 school principals from 334 primary and 248 secondary schools. The results of a hierarchical multiple regression analysis and a pathway analysis were interpreted based on the strength and direction of the relationships between the examined variables, as well as their significance. The hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that school principals’ knowledge and beliefs regarding the education of disabled students, and to a lesser extent their values, predicted whether school principals implement practices regarding the education of said students in their school units. However, school principals’ values were indeed the strongest predictive factor for their attitudes towards the education of disabled students and along with their knowledge, play a catalytic role in shaping their beliefs, attitudes and by extension, their practices regarding the education of disabled students. The pathway analysis confirmed the schematic representation of the regression relationships between the examined variables which showed that the theoretical model captures the predictive relationships among the variables, identifies potential causal pathways and showcases their decisive role in inclusive educational leadership. In short, the theoretical model demonstrates a very good fit to the research data coming in agreement with the results from both statistical analyses. Thus, it outlines a consistent and coherent outcome, which highlights multiple relationships between the variables, but primarily the multilayered effect of values in the case of inclusive educational leadership. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue International Perspectives on Inclusion in Education)
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21 pages, 8054 KiB  
Article
The Use of Question Modification Strategies to Differentiate Instruction in Eritrean Mathematics and Science Classrooms
by Desalegn Zerai, Sirpa Eskelä-Haapanen, Hanna Posti-Ahokas and Tanja Vehkakoski
Educ. Sci. 2023, 13(3), 284; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13030284 - 07 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2397
Abstract
This qualitative study aimed at examining the question modification strategies Eritrean elementary and middle school teachers used to differentiate their instruction and meet the diversity in the classroom as well as the functions these strategies served in classroom interactions. The research data consisted [...] Read more.
This qualitative study aimed at examining the question modification strategies Eritrean elementary and middle school teachers used to differentiate their instruction and meet the diversity in the classroom as well as the functions these strategies served in classroom interactions. The research data consisted of videotaped recordings (N = 11 videotaped lessons) of classroom interactions in eight mathematics and science classrooms, which were analysed through interaction analysis. The findings showed that Eritrean teachers utilised the following five question modification strategies either independently or in combination: repetition; rephrasing; clarification; decomposition; and code-switching. Although repetition was the most commonly used strategy, it was not found to help teachers to differentiate their instruction. Likewise, the utilisation of rephrasing was dependent on how effectively teachers captured students’ misunderstandings and modified their questions accordingly. Instead, clarification, decomposition, and code-switching were found to be the most highly developed question modification strategies from the viewpoint of differentiation. It was concluded that the question modification strategies were dominant and workable elements of classroom interactions in teacher-led and poorly-resourced large classrooms, such as those in Eritrea. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue International Perspectives on Inclusion in Education)
19 pages, 368 KiB  
Article
How Can Social Capital Become a Facilitator of Inclusion?
by Anett Hrabéczy, Tímea Ceglédi, Katinka Bacskai and Gabriella Pusztai
Educ. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 109; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13020109 - 19 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2416
Abstract
Students with special educational needs are a diverse group. Promoting their learning success is particularly challenging, even in practice for inclusive schools. At the same time, parents are often left alone with diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, the focus of our study was on [...] Read more.
Students with special educational needs are a diverse group. Promoting their learning success is particularly challenging, even in practice for inclusive schools. At the same time, parents are often left alone with diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, the focus of our study was on the families of successful students with special educational needs and the networks around their families. Our research question is: What are the differences in social capital between parents of successful students with and without learning, behavioural and emotional disorders, and difficulties (SEN B)? We analysed the survey Value-Creating Education 2020 (n = 1156). Parents of 10-year-old children were asked whether their child needs special education services because of difficulties in learning. We used separate ordinal regression models to examine predictors of academic achievement in the two subsamples of parents of students with and without special educational needs (SEN B). Our results showed that factors supporting success differed between the two groups. Family background and involvement of professional helpers (teachers, psychologists, special education teachers) in child-raising were not among the predictors of academic success for students who need special education services because of learning problems, but the availability of an extensive network of the family had a positive significant effect. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue International Perspectives on Inclusion in Education)
11 pages, 357 KiB  
Article
The Price for Inclusion: Financial/Educational Dilemmas in the Inclusive School System in Denmark
by Thyge Tegtmejer
Educ. Sci. 2022, 12(11), 832; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12110832 - 19 Nov 2022
Viewed by 1609
Abstract
This qualitative case study investigates the rationales, dilemmas, and shortcomings of the so-called “inclusion-promoting steering models” in which Danish schools have to pay a price for every student they cannot include in their school. For more than 10 years, the government has promoted [...] Read more.
This qualitative case study investigates the rationales, dilemmas, and shortcomings of the so-called “inclusion-promoting steering models” in which Danish schools have to pay a price for every student they cannot include in their school. For more than 10 years, the government has promoted such financial steering models and a rising number of municipalities have adopted the system, so that more than one-half of the existing Danish municipalities work with them. According to its advocates, this model supports the inclusion of students in schools in several direct ways. This case study shows that this model is based on some strong rationales, as it offers opportunities to promote the development of inclusive schools. However, the study also reveals that this comes at a price, as the model sometimes poses difficult dilemmas on school leaders and hinders the inclusion of all students. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue International Perspectives on Inclusion in Education)
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13 pages, 316 KiB  
Systematic Review
A Critical Systematic Literature Review of Global Inclusive Education Using an Affective, Intersectional, Discursive, Emotive and Material Lens
by David Isaac Hernández-Saca, Catherine Kramarczuk Voulgarides and Susan Larson Etscheidt
Educ. Sci. 2023, 13(12), 1212; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13121212 - 06 Dec 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1846
Abstract
We conducted a critical systematic literature review on global inclusive education and law. The critical review questions were: (1) how have scholars theorized, conceptualized, and studied global inclusive education? (2) How do scholars define global inclusive education? (3) And what do scholars cite [...] Read more.
We conducted a critical systematic literature review on global inclusive education and law. The critical review questions were: (1) how have scholars theorized, conceptualized, and studied global inclusive education? (2) How do scholars define global inclusive education? (3) And what do scholars cite as prominent international inclusive education law? We ask such questions given the ongoing global crises that situate historically marginalized groups in even more precarious positions—including students with dis/Abilities. Given this framing, we employed a critical systematic literature review that is cognizant of our positionalities, writing from the Global North, so that we can identify lines of inquiry related to global inclusive education that can disrupt global cultural hegemony. Global inclusive education was defined broadly from access to employment through a human right, systemic change, academic, social and emotional frameworks for students with dis/Abilities’ inclusion of all “regardless” of markers of difference. International inclusive education law was approached by affirming the aspirational visions of numerous United Nations’ conventions and policies that focused on social justice for Black, Indigenous and Youth of Color with dis/Abilities in education and global society, without necessarily accounting for the interactions between how macro (legal), meso (local contexts) and micro (student voices) are or are not considered in the global inclusive space. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue International Perspectives on Inclusion in Education)
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