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Diagnostics in Immunological, Allergic and Inflammatory Disorders

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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue entitled “Diagnostics in Immunological, Allergic and Inflammatory Disorders” focuses on recent advances in diagnosing the dysfunctions of the immune system. These pathologies comprising, among others, autoimmune, immunodeficiency and autoinflammatory syndromes, allergic diseases, and inflammatory disorders, represent a considerable burden on individuals and societies alike.

In most people, a wide array of immune abnormalities can be found, not necessarily of clinical relevance, still representing the real diagnostic challenge. Some of these disorders, however, can be life-threatening and should be diagnosed early to enable effective treatment. Unfortunately, for the time being, proper diagnosis cannot always be achieved easily, and thus, novel approaches to the diagnostics of the immune system diseases are warranted.

This Special Issue aims to focus on topics dealing with the diagnostic challenges of these disorders and syndromes. Both original research articles and reviews are welcome.

Dr. Marian Simka
Prof. Dr. Zenon Brzoza
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

diagnostics
allergic diseases
autoimmune, immunodeficiency and autoinflammatory syndromes
inflammatory disorders

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 1889 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Multiplex Assays in Allergy Diagnosis: Allergy Explorer 2 versus ImmunoCAP ISAC E112i

by Hannes Nösslinger, Ewald Mair, Gertie J. Oostingh, Verena Ahlgrimm-Siess, Anna Ringauf and Roland Lang

Diagnostics 2024, 14(10), 976; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14100976 - 8 May 2024

Viewed by 362

Abstract

ImmunoCAP ISAC E112i (ISAC) and Allergy Explorer 2 (ALEX²) detect specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) reactivity. Both multiplex assays contain molecular allergens and ALEX² additionally includes allergen extracts and inhibitors that block the binding of IgE to cross-reacting carbohydrate determinants (CCDs). This study aimed to compare the performance of ISAC and ALEX² by determining the IgE reactivity against allergen extracts and/or allergen components and by using qualitative, semiquantitative, and quantitative analyses of all comparable allergen components in sera from 216 participants recruited in South Tyrol/Italy. For extract sensitization in ALEX², the analysis revealed negative corresponding allergen components in 18.4% and at least one positive corresponding allergen component in 81.6% of all cases. For ISAC, the corresponding results were 23.5% and 76.5% of cases, respectively. The ALEX² CCD inhibitor eliminated CCD-positive signals detected by ISAC in 88.5% of cases. Based on sensitization values of 0.3–14.9 ISU or kU_A/L, there was good agreement between ALEX² and ISAC, although ALEX² showed higher values than ISAC. The addition of allergen-extract tests in ALEX² resulted in the detection of more sensitizations than with corresponding allergen components alone. In the range of <15 ISU or kU_A/L, ALEX² may be more effective in detecting sensitizations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnostics in Immunological, Allergic and Inflammatory Disorders)

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Review

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14 pages, 583 KiB

Open AccessReview

Autoimmune Encephalitis with Antibodies: Anti-NMDAR, Anti-AMPAR, Anti-GQ1b, Anti-DPPX, Anti-CASPR2, Anti-LGI1, Anti-RI, Anti-Yo, Anti-Hu, Anti-CV2 and Anti-GABAAR, in the Course of Psychoses, Neoplastic Diseases, and Paraneoplastic Syndromes

by Michał Braczkowski, Dariusz Soszyński, Alicja Sierakowska, Ryszard Braczkowski, Klaudia Kufel and Beata Łabuz-Roszak

Diagnostics 2023, 13(15), 2589; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13152589 - 3 Aug 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2525

Abstract

Encephalitis is a condition with a variety of etiologies, clinical presentations, and degrees of severity. The causes of these disorders include both neuroinfections and autoimmune diseases in which host antibodies are pathologically directed against self-antigens. In autoimmune encephalitis, autoantibodies are expressed in the central nervous system. The incidence of this disease is approximately 4% of all reported cases of encephalitis. Autoimmune encephalitis can be induced by antibodies against neuronal surface antigens such as N-methyl-D-aspartate-activated glutamate receptors (NMDAR), α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate receptors (AMPAR) or gangliosides GQ1b, DPPX, CASPR2, LGI1, as well as by antibodies against neuronal intracellular antigens. The paper presents a number of both mental and neurological symptoms of autoimmune encephalitis. Moreover, the coexistence of psychoses, neoplastic diseases, and the methods of diagnosing autoimmune encephalitis are discussed. Attention was also drawn to the fact that early diagnosis, as well as early initiation of targeted treatment, increases the chance of a successful course of the therapeutic process. Strategy and Methodology: The articles on which the following paper was based were searched using search engines such as PubMed and Medline. Considering that anti-NMDAR antibodies were first described in 2007, the articles were from 2007 to 2023. The selection of papers was made by entering the phrases “autoimmune encephalitis and psychosis/paraneplastic syndromes or cancer”. The total number of articles that could be searched was 747, of which 100 items were selected, the most recent reports illustrating the presented topic. Thirty-four of them were rejected in connection with case reports or papers that could not be accessed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnostics in Immunological, Allergic and Inflammatory Disorders)

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