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Diagnostics
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Advances in the Diagnosis of Skin Disease
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Advances in the Diagnosis of Skin Disease

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2025 | Viewed by 5395

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Gerardo Cazzato

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Section of Pathology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
Interests: skin diseases; dermatology; dermatopathology; diagnosis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Many types of diagnostic tools have been, and are expected to be throughout the year, developed for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of skin diseases. In this Special Issue (SI), we aim to analyze the different possibilities of diagnosing neoplastic, inflammatory, and infectious diseases, spanning from clinical pictures to histopathological features, with great attention being paid to artificial intelligence (AI) and algorithms.

Dr. Gerardo Cazzato
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • dermatology
  • dermatopathology
  • skin diseases
  • neoplastic diseases
  • inflammatory dermatopathology
  • CTCL
  • melanoma
  • squamous cell carcinoma
  • basal cell carcinoma
  • infectious diseases

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 5822 KiB  
Article
The Potential Roles of IL-1β, IL-6, and RIPK3 in the Pathogenesis of Stevens–Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
by Chandana Sooranahalli, Vidhya R. Rao, Brandon Zelman, Mallika Shekhar, Sevnur Komurlu Keceli, Charles Bouchard and Omer Iqbal
Diagnostics 2025, 15(3), 290; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15030290 - 26 Jan 2025
Viewed by 847
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Stevens–Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (SJS/TEN) are rare but severe skin conditions, often triggered by medications, that can be life-threatening. These conditions frequently affect the eyes, causing ocular surface disease, which can result in visual impairment or blindness. Although the exact [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Stevens–Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (SJS/TEN) are rare but severe skin conditions, often triggered by medications, that can be life-threatening. These conditions frequently affect the eyes, causing ocular surface disease, which can result in visual impairment or blindness. Although the exact mechanisms behind SJS/TEN remain unclear, key inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β, IL-6, and RIPK3 are believed to play critical roles in inflammation, necroptosis, and regulatory processes. Investigating these factors offers new insights into the disease’s underlying mechanisms and potential targets for treatment. This study aims to determine the roles of IL-1β, IL-6, and RIPK3 in the pathogenesis of SJS/TEN. Methods: The study examined the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and RIPK3 in skin biopsies from patients with biopsy-confirmed SJS/TEN, using lichen planus as a positive control and normal skin as a baseline control. Immunohistochemistry was employed for this analysis. Additionally, the impact of SJS/TEN patient plasma on mitochondrial function was assessed in platelets and human corneal epithelial (H-CET) cells. Using a fluorescent plate reader, mitochondrial activity and superoxide ion levels were measured, comparing plasma from SJS/TEN patients to normal human plasma. Results: Skin biopsies from SJS/TEN patients showed a significantly higher expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and RIPK3 compared to both lichen planus and normal controls. Furthermore, plasma from SJS/TEN patients significantly reduced platelet viability and increased mitochondrial and total cellular superoxide ions, as demonstrated by elevated levels of MitoSOX Red and CellROX Red. Conclusions: These findings suggest that IL-1β, IL-6, and RIPK3 may contribute to the pathogenesis of SJS/TEN and highlight their potential as targets for therapeutic intervention. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis of Skin Disease)
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9 pages, 222 KiB  
Article
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Melanoma Diagnosis: A Single-Center Study
by Adrian-Horațiu Sabău, Iuliu-Gabriel Cocuz, Raluca Niculescu, Andreea Cătălina Tinca, Andreea Raluca Szoke, Bianca-Andreea Lazar, Diana Maria Chiorean and Ovidiu Simion Cotoi
Diagnostics 2024, 14(18), 2032; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14182032 - 13 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1109
Abstract
(1) Background: Melanoma represents the most aggressive form of skin cancer, with an increasing incidence and numerous risk factors. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to modifications in work protocols. This study aims to elucidate potential changes in the number and characteristics of primary [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Melanoma represents the most aggressive form of skin cancer, with an increasing incidence and numerous risk factors. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to modifications in work protocols. This study aims to elucidate potential changes in the number and characteristics of primary melanomas diagnosed in the Pathology Department of the Târgu Mureș County Clinical Hospital before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. (2) Methods: This study included 140 patients grouped into six periods: two pre-COVID-19 periods, the COVID-19 pandemic period, and three post-COVID-19 periods. Epidemiological data, diagnoses, and histopathological reports were analyzed. (3) Results: The number of cases diagnosed during the COVID-19 pandemic was significantly lower than in the other analyzed periods. Regarding the monitored parameters, a statistically significant increase was observed in the first two post-COVID-19 periods, with a return to values similar to those of the first period in the last analyzed period. Additionally, a statistically significant increase in the incidence of distant metastases was identified in the post-COVID-19 periods. (4) Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on the diagnosis of new melanoma cases, leading to an increase in the number of cases and a worsening of prognostic parameters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis of Skin Disease)

Review

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27 pages, 700 KiB  
Review
Inflammatory Signatures and Biological Markers in Platelet-Rich Plasma Therapy for Hair Regrowth: A Comprehensive Narrative Analysis
by Adelina Vrapcea, Cătălina Gabriela Pisoschi, Eleonora Daniela Ciupeanu-Calugaru, Emil-Tiberius Traşcă, Cristina Violeta Tutunaru, Patricia-Mihaela Rădulescu and Dumitru Rădulescu
Diagnostics 2025, 15(9), 1123; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15091123 - 28 Apr 2025
Viewed by 34
Abstract
Context: Hair loss (alopecia) presents both aesthetic and psychological challenges, significantly impacting quality of life. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy has gained prominence due to its ability to deliver growth factors and modulate local inflammation. However, uncertainties remain regarding the mechanisms through which systemic [...] Read more.
Context: Hair loss (alopecia) presents both aesthetic and psychological challenges, significantly impacting quality of life. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy has gained prominence due to its ability to deliver growth factors and modulate local inflammation. However, uncertainties remain regarding the mechanisms through which systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and coagulation factors influence PRP’s efficacy. Objectives: This narrative review explores the impact of inflammatory biomarkers (e.g., NLR, PLR, IL-6, TNF-α) and growth factors (VEGF, TGF-β, FGF) on hair regeneration in PRP therapy. It discusses how oxidative stress and vitamin status (B12, D, folate) correlate with therapeutic success. Additionally, it examines the PRP preparation protocols and combined approaches (microneedling, minoxidil, LLLT) that may amplify clinical responses. Results: The synthesized data highlight that elevated systemic inflammation (increased NLR/PLR values) can limit PRP’s effectiveness, while the regulation of inflammation and optimization of antioxidant status can enhance hair density and thickness. Integrating vitamins and an anti-inflammatory diet into the therapeutic protocol is associated with more stable hair growth and reduced adverse reactions. The variability in PRP’s preparation and activation methods remains a major obstacle, underscoring the need for standardization. Conclusions: Integrating inflammatory biomarkers with oxidative stress indicators provides fresh insights for tailoring PRP therapies in alopecia. Multimodal treatment strategies combined with collaborative multicenter studies—in which biological markers are embedded within rigorous protocols—could establish standardized methodologies and significantly enhance the treatment success. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis of Skin Disease)
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12 pages, 4276 KiB  
Review
Tumid Lupus Erythematosus (TLE): A Review of a Rare Variant of Chronic Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (cCLE) with Emphasis on Differential Diagnosis
by Maged Daruish, Francesca Ambrogio, Caterina Foti, Alessandra Filosa and Gerardo Cazzato
Diagnostics 2024, 14(7), 780; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14070780 - 8 Apr 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2504
Abstract
Tumid lupus erythematosus (TLE) has been the subject of heated debate regarding its correct nosographic classification. The definition of TLE has changed over time, varying according to the different studies performed. In this review, we address the initial definition of TLE, the changes [...] Read more.
Tumid lupus erythematosus (TLE) has been the subject of heated debate regarding its correct nosographic classification. The definition of TLE has changed over time, varying according to the different studies performed. In this review, we address the initial definition of TLE, the changes that have taken place in the understanding of TLE, and its placement within the classification of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE), with a focus on clinical, histopathological, immunophenotypical, and differential diagnosis aspects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis of Skin Disease)
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