Special Issue "Cardio-Renal Metabolic Syndrome: Interdisciplinary Diagnostic Methods"

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2021.

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Simona Bungau
E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Facultatea de Medicina, Universitatea din Oradea, Oradea, Romania
Interests: pharmacology; nutrition; food toxicology; analytical chemistry; public health; environmental health
Special Issues and Collections in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Medical interdisciplinarity in making a correct diagnosis is of the utmost importance for an optimal treatment, which should include both effective therapeutic aspect means (drugs and/or surgery) and the complex aspects related to nutrition, lifestyle, rehabilitation, etc.

This Special Issue intends to cover scientific and experimental data and information related to modern and complex interdisciplinary diagnosis, in directions such as:

  • New methods for evaluating metabolic cardio-renal diseases;
  • Nutritional, pharmacological, and rehabilitation interventions in metabolic diseases and their complications;
  • Diagnostic algorithms from medical history/clinical picture to imaging, biochemical, molecular, and genetic tests;
  • New markers for assessing cardio-metabolic risk , such as clinically significant molecules, intestinal microbiota, etc.;
  • The role of plant-derived natural compounds/biologically active phytochemicals in chronic metabolic diseases;
  • Impact of novel guidelines in real-life studies for the diagnosis and treatment of cardio-metabolic diseases;
  • Treatments with beneficial effects in the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality;
  • Interdisciplinarity in diagnosis and interventions.

Original research articles and reviews are equally welcome.

Prof. Dr. Simona Bungau
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All papers will be peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cardio-renal metabolic syndrome
  • interdisciplinary diagnostic methods
  • diagnostic algorithms
  • therapy

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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Article
Waist Circumference as a Preventive Tool of Atherogenic Dyslipidemia and Obesity-Associated Cardiovascular Risk in Young Adults Males: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study
Diagnostics 2020, 10(12), 1033; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10121033 - 02 Dec 2020
Viewed by 629
Abstract
Although the correlation coefficient between body mass index (BMI) and poor lipid profile has been reported, representing a cardiovascular risk, the need to find new early detection markers is real. Waist circumference and markers of atherogenic dyslipidemia are not usually measured in medical [...] Read more.
Although the correlation coefficient between body mass index (BMI) and poor lipid profile has been reported, representing a cardiovascular risk, the need to find new early detection markers is real. Waist circumference and markers of atherogenic dyslipidemia are not usually measured in medical review appointments. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between central adiposity and cardiovascular risk. This was a cross-sectional pilot study of 57 young males (age: 35.9 ± 10.85, BMI: 32.4 ± 6.08) recruited from community settings and allocated to non-obese or obese attending to their waist circumference. Total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoproteins (HDL-C), and low-density lipoproteins (LDL-C) cholesterol and triglycerides (TG) were measured from plasma samples. Patients with at least 100 cm of waist circumference had significantly increased TC, LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and triglycerides and lower levels of HDL-C. The three atherogenic ratios TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, and TG/HDL-C were all optimal in non-obese patients. LDL-C/HDL-C and TG/HDL-C were significantly higher and over the limit when assessing for atherogenic dyslipidemia. The number of patients at risk for cardiovascular events increases 2.5 folds in obese compared to non-obese. Measurement of waist circumference could be adopted as a simpler valid alternative to BMI for health promotion, to alert those at risk of atherogenic dyslipidemia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardio-Renal Metabolic Syndrome: Interdisciplinary Diagnostic Methods)
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Review

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Review
Framing Cause-Effect Relationship of Acute Coronary Syndrome in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Diagnostics 2021, 11(8), 1518; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11081518 - 23 Aug 2021
Viewed by 196
Abstract
The main causes of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are of cardiovascular nature. The interaction between traditional cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) and non-traditional risk factors (RF) triggers various complex pathophysiological mechanisms that will lead to accelerated atherosclerosis in the context [...] Read more.
The main causes of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are of cardiovascular nature. The interaction between traditional cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) and non-traditional risk factors (RF) triggers various complex pathophysiological mechanisms that will lead to accelerated atherosclerosis in the context of decreased renal function. In terms of mortality, CKD should be considered equivalent to ischemic coronary artery disease (CAD) and properly monitored. Vascular calcification, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, anemia, and inflammatory syndrome represents the main uremic RF triggered by accumulation of the uremic toxins in CKD subjects. Proteinuria that appears due to kidney function decline may initiate an inflammatory status and alteration of the coagulation—fibrinolysis systems, favorizing acute coronary syndromes (ACS) occurrence. All these factors represent potential targets for future therapy that may improve CKD patient’s survival and prevention of CV events. Once installed, the CAD in CKD population is associated with negative outcome and increased mortality rate, that is the reason why discovering the complex pathophysiological connections between the two conditions and a proper control of the uremic RF are crucial and may represent the solutions for influencing the prognostic. Exclusion of CKD subjects from the important trials dealing with ACS and improper use of the therapeutical options because of the declined kidney functioned are issues that need to be surpassed. New ongoing trials with CKD subjects and platelets reactivity studies offers new perspectives for a better clinical approach and the expected results will clarify many aspects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardio-Renal Metabolic Syndrome: Interdisciplinary Diagnostic Methods)
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Review
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Cardiovascular Comorbidities: Pathophysiological Links, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Management
Diagnostics 2021, 11(4), 689; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11040689 - 12 Apr 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 696
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a growing prevalence in recent years. Its association with cardiovascular disease has been intensively studied, and certain correlations have been identified. The connection between these two entities has lately aroused interest regarding therapeutic management. In order to [...] Read more.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a growing prevalence in recent years. Its association with cardiovascular disease has been intensively studied, and certain correlations have been identified. The connection between these two entities has lately aroused interest regarding therapeutic management. In order to find the best therapeutic options, a detailed understanding of the pathophysiology that links (NAFLD) to cardiovascular comorbidities is needed. This review focuses on the pathogenic mechanisms that are behind these two diseases and on the therapeutic management available at this time. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardio-Renal Metabolic Syndrome: Interdisciplinary Diagnostic Methods)
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Review
Role of Albuminuria in Detecting Cardio-Renal Risk and Outcome in Diabetic Subjects
Diagnostics 2021, 11(2), 290; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11020290 - 12 Feb 2021
Viewed by 525
Abstract
The clinical significance of albuminuria in diabetic subjects and the impact of its reduction on the main cardiorenal outcomes by different drug classes are among the most interesting research focuses of recent years. Although nephrologists and cardiologists have been paying attention to the [...] Read more.
The clinical significance of albuminuria in diabetic subjects and the impact of its reduction on the main cardiorenal outcomes by different drug classes are among the most interesting research focuses of recent years. Although nephrologists and cardiologists have been paying attention to the study of proteinuria for years, currently among diabetics, increased urine albumin excretion ascertains the highest cardio-renal risk. In fact, diabetes is a condition by itself associated with a high-risk of both micro/macrovascular complications. Moreover, proteinuria reduction in diabetic subjects by several treatments lowers both renal and cardiovascular disease progression. The 2019 joint ESC-EASD guidelines on diabetes, prediabetes and cardiovascular (CV) disease assign to proteinuria a crucial role in defining CV risk level in the diabetic patient. In fact, proteinuria by itself allows the diabetic patient to be staged at very high CV risk, thus affecting the choice of anti-hyperglycemic drug class. The purpose of this review is to present a clear update on the role of albuminuria as a cardio-renal risk marker, starting from pathophysiological mechanisms in support of this role. Besides this, we will show the prognostic value in observational studies, as well as randomized clinical trials (RCTs) demonstrating the potential improvement of cardio-renal outcomes in diabetic patients by reducing proteinuria. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardio-Renal Metabolic Syndrome: Interdisciplinary Diagnostic Methods)
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Review
OX-HDL: A Starring Role in Cardiorenal Syndrome and the Effects of Heme Oxygenase-1 Intervention
Diagnostics 2020, 10(11), 976; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10110976 - 20 Nov 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 609
Abstract
In this review, we will evaluate how high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) pathway are critical for proper cardiovascular–renal physiology. We will begin by reviewing the basic concepts of HDL cholesterol synthesis and pathway regulation, followed by cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) [...] Read more.
In this review, we will evaluate how high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) pathway are critical for proper cardiovascular–renal physiology. We will begin by reviewing the basic concepts of HDL cholesterol synthesis and pathway regulation, followed by cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) pathophysiology. After explaining how the HDL and RCT pathways become dysfunctional through oxidative processes, we will elaborate on the potential role of HDL dysfunction in CRS. We will then present findings on how HDL function and the inducible antioxidant gene heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) are interconnected and how induction of HO-1 is protective against HDL dysfunction and important for the proper functioning of the cardiovascular–renal system. This will substantiate the proposal of HO-1 as a novel therapeutic target to prevent HDL dysfunction and, consequently, cardiovascular disease, renal dysfunction, and the onset of CRS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardio-Renal Metabolic Syndrome: Interdisciplinary Diagnostic Methods)
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Review
Early Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer: The Key for Survival
Diagnostics 2020, 10(11), 869; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10110869 - 24 Oct 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 987
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most aggressive forms of cancer. Negative prognosis is mainly due to the late diagnosis in advanced stages, when the disease is already therapeutically overcome. Studies in recent years have focused on identifying biomarkers that could play [...] Read more.
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most aggressive forms of cancer. Negative prognosis is mainly due to the late diagnosis in advanced stages, when the disease is already therapeutically overcome. Studies in recent years have focused on identifying biomarkers that could play a role in early diagnosis, leading to the improvement of morbidity and mortality. Currently, the only biomarker widely used in the diagnosis of PC is carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19.9), which has, however, more of a prognostic role in the follow-up of postoperative recurrence than a diagnostic role. Other biomarkers, recently identified as the methylation status of ADAMTS1 (A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 1) and BNC1 (zinc finger protein basonuclin-1) in cell-free deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), may play a role in the early detection of PC. This review focuses on the diagnosis of PC in its early stages. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardio-Renal Metabolic Syndrome: Interdisciplinary Diagnostic Methods)
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Review
Cardiovascular Risk and Statin Therapy Considerations in Women
Diagnostics 2020, 10(7), 483; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10070483 - 16 Jul 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1389
Abstract
Despite major progress in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, women remain an underdiagnosed and insufficiently treated group, with higher hospitalization and death rates compared to men. Obesity, more frequently encountered in women, raises the risk of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases [...] Read more.
Despite major progress in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, women remain an underdiagnosed and insufficiently treated group, with higher hospitalization and death rates compared to men. Obesity, more frequently encountered in women, raises the risk of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases as women age. There are some differences based on sex regarding the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of dyslipidemia, as it has been observed that women are less frequently prescribed statins and, when they are, they receive lower doses, even after myocardial infarction or coronary revascularization. Real-life data show that, compared to men, women are at higher risk of non-adherence to statin treatment and are more predisposed to discontinue treatment because of side effects. Statin metabolism has some particularities in women, due to a lower glomerular filtration rate, higher body fat percentage, and overall faster statin metabolism. In women of fertile age, before initiating statin treatment, contraception methods should be discussed because statins may have teratogenic effects. Older women have a higher likelihood of polypharmacy, with greater potential for drug interactions when prescribing a statin. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardio-Renal Metabolic Syndrome: Interdisciplinary Diagnostic Methods)
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