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Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Gynecological Oncology
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Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Gynecological Oncology

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2025 | Viewed by 5297

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Elena Bernad

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300001 Timisoara, Romania
Interests: gynecology; obstetrics; gynecological oncology; endocrinology and reproductive medicine; ethics; medical education; research design; epidemiology and statistics; computer applications
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Marius L. Craina

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes", 300001 Timisoara, Romania
Interests: gynecology; obstetrics; gynecological oncology; endocrinology and reproductive medicine; ethics; medical education; research design; epidemiology and statistics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Genital cancer represents a significant public health problem, being one of the leading causes of death among women. Advances in oncological research have led to considerable progress, offering various diagnostic and therapeutic methods for successfully managing these life-threatening pathologies with improved prognosis and quality of life. Screening programs also contribute to early cancer detection and allow early case management. This SIaims to disseminate the results of research in the field of genital neoplasia to improve the long-term prognosis of patients and increase the quality of life of genital malignancy patients and survivors, families and caregivers. The continuous development of science in the field of oncology has led to the discovery and implementation of new methods of diagnosis and therapy that support specialists in the fight against cancer. To this end, we are interested in original research, short communications of preliminary but significant results, reviews and case reports that will present the latest advances in the gynecology oncology field and lead to improved diagnostic and treatment processes.

Dr. Elena Bernad
Prof. Dr. Marius L. Craina
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • female genital neoplasms
  • breast neoplasms
  • screening
  • diagnosis
  • treatment
  • surgery
  • medical oncology
  • psycho-oncology

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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9 pages, 213 KiB  
Article
Safety, Adequacy, and Accuracy of Transvaginal Ultrasound-Guided Tru-Cut Biopsy of Gynaecologic Tumours: A Retrospective Single-Centre Study
by Munachiso Iheme Ndukwe, Dominik Karasek, Denisa Pohanková, Ivan Praznovec, Petra Bretova, Martin Stepan, Dominik Habes, Jan Laco, Akaninyene Eseme Ubom, Milan Vosmik and Igor Sirak
Diagnostics 2025, 15(9), 1133; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15091133 - 29 Apr 2025
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the safety, adequacy, and accuracy of tru-cut biopsy of gynaecologic tumours in a population of Czech women. Methods: A four-year retrospective study of ultrasound-guided tru-cut biopsy of gynaecologic tumours was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Charles University, [...] Read more.
Objective: To evaluate the safety, adequacy, and accuracy of tru-cut biopsy of gynaecologic tumours in a population of Czech women. Methods: A four-year retrospective study of ultrasound-guided tru-cut biopsy of gynaecologic tumours was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic. Results: One hundred and four women with gynaecologic tumours underwent transvaginal tru-cut biopsy within the study period. The most common indication for tru-cut biopsy in more than one-half of the women was a suspicion of malignancy/inability to exclude malignancy (59, 56.7%). Most of the tumours were malignant on histopathological examination (71, 68.3%), with advanced ovarian cancer being the most common type of malignancy (43/71, 60.6%). The overall adequacy and accuracy rates of tru-cut biopsy were 93.3% and 93.3%, respectively. Most of the inadequate samples were obtained from overweight and obese women (5/7, 71.4%), with only one biopsy sample taken in the majority of the inadequate biopsies (5/7, 71.4%). Accuracy was higher for malignant than benign tumours (97.7% vs. 82.4%). For malignant tumours, accuracy was highest for advanced ovarian cancers (33/40, 82.5%). Only one case was complicated by bleeding, giving an overall complication rate of 1%. The complicated biopsy was taken by a gynae-oncology trainee. Conclusions: Tru-cut biopsy is a cost-effective and safe preoperative diagnostic modality for patients with gynaecologic tumours, offering high adequacy and accuracy. It is particularly useful in patients with advanced ovarian cancer, most of whom present late with inoperable tumours that contraindicate primary surgery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Gynecological Oncology)
14 pages, 2722 KiB  
Article
Analytical Validation of NavDx+Gyn, a cfDNA-Based Fragmentomic Profiling Assay for HPV-Driven Gynecologic Cancers
by Joshua Hutcheson, David Conway, Sunil Kumar, Chloe Wiseman, Syandan Chakraborty, Evgeny Skrypkin, Michael Horan, Alicia Gunning, Cassin Kimmel Williams, Charlotte Kuperwasser, Stephen P. Naber and Piyush B. Gupta
Diagnostics 2025, 15(7), 825; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15070825 - 25 Mar 2025
Viewed by 378
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The NavDx+Gyn blood test detects and quantifies fourteen HPV types in various sample types to provide a reliable means of detecting and monitoring HPV-driven gynecologic cancers. NavDx+Gyn is an extension of the NavDx assay, which identifies five high-risk HPV types. NavDx [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The NavDx+Gyn blood test detects and quantifies fourteen HPV types in various sample types to provide a reliable means of detecting and monitoring HPV-driven gynecologic cancers. NavDx+Gyn is an extension of the NavDx assay, which identifies five high-risk HPV types. NavDx has been clinically validated in multiple independent studies for the surveillance of HPV-driven oropharyngeal cancer and has been integrated into clinical practice by over 1300 healthcare providers at over 500 medical sites in the US. The NavDx+Gyn assay incorporates an analysis of nine additional high-risk HPV types. Here, we report a detailed analytical validation of the NavDx+Gyn assay for use in cervical, vaginal, and vulvar cancer patients to detect fourteen high-risk HPV types related to HPV-driven gynecologic cancers. Methods: Parameters include specificity as measured by limits of blank (LoBs) and sensitivity illustrated via limits of detection and quantitation (LoDs and LoQs). Results: The LoBs were between 0 and 0.0926 copies/μL, LoDs were 0.1009 to 0.3147 copies/μL, and LoQs were 0.1009 to 0.3147 copies/μL, demonstrating the high analytic sensitivity and specificity provided by NavDx+Gyn. In-depth evaluations, including accuracy and intra- and inter-assay precision studies, were shown to be within acceptable ranges. Regression analysis revealed a high degree of correlation between expected and effective concentrations, demonstrating excellent linearity (R2 > 0.99) across a broad range of analyte concentrations. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that NavDx+Gyn accurately and reproducibly detects fourteen types of high-risk HPV, which aids in the diagnosis and surveillance of the vast majority of HPV-driven gynecologic cancers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Gynecological Oncology)
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12 pages, 381 KiB  
Article
Retrospective Analysis of Human Papillomavirus Genotyping and Cytology (Pap Smears) in Cervical Cancer Screening: An Institutional Experience in the State of Oregon, USA
by Zhengchun Lu, Maxwell Knapp, Siouxzanna Downs, Rabeka A. Ali, Terry K. Morgan, Heather M. Ruff, Xuan Qin and Guang Fan
Diagnostics 2025, 15(4), 419; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15040419 - 9 Feb 2025
Viewed by 766
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The 2020 American Cancer Society guidelines endorse human papillomavirus (HPV) testing as the preferred method for cervical cancer screening. This study aims to evaluate the concordance of HPV and cytology findings for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) at a population level. Methods: A [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The 2020 American Cancer Society guidelines endorse human papillomavirus (HPV) testing as the preferred method for cervical cancer screening. This study aims to evaluate the concordance of HPV and cytology findings for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) at a population level. Methods: A retrospective cohort review of cervical cytology, HPV testing, and biopsies for all patients at a single Oregon-based medical center was performed over 21 months. The performance of HPV and cytology in detecting high-grade CIN lesions was compared. Results: A total of 22,488 tests were evaluated, showing 7.5% abnormal cytology and 7.4% positive HPV. Among 574 patients who underwent co-testing and a subsequent biopsy, 345 had abnormal cytology, with 212 having abnormal biopsy results. HPV was positive in 455 cases, with 266 having abnormal biopsy results. Among 455 HPV-positive cases, there were 283, 104 and 33 cases of non-16/18, 16, and 18 types, respectively. Additionally, 35 cases had co-infection with multiple HPV types. Among the cases diagnosed as CIN3 on biopsy, 90.6% had positive HPV testing (N = 96), and 82.9% had abnormal cytology (N = 94). HPV testing demonstrated a slightly higher sensitivity (88.8% vs. 78.3%, p = 0.128) and lower specificity (27.1% vs. 48.9%, p < 0.01) compared to cytology for CIN2 and CIN3 diagnosis. Conclusions: HPV testing showed a similar sensitivity but lower specificity compared to cytology for detecting high-grade lesions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Gynecological Oncology)
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11 pages, 846 KiB  
Article
A 10-Year Retrospective Cohort Study of Endometrial Cancer Outcomes and Associations with Lymphovascular Invasion: A Single-Center Study from Germany
by Alexandra Nienhaus, Rahavie Rajakulendran and Elena Bernad
Diagnostics 2024, 14(15), 1686; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14151686 - 4 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1430
Abstract
This 10-year retrospective cohort study at a single-center clinic in Germany aimed to analyze the outcomes of endometrial cancer patients and explore the impact of lymphovascular invasion (LV) on patient outcomes and disease-free survival (DFS). Identifying correlations among demographic data, tumor characteristics, treatment [...] Read more.
This 10-year retrospective cohort study at a single-center clinic in Germany aimed to analyze the outcomes of endometrial cancer patients and explore the impact of lymphovascular invasion (LV) on patient outcomes and disease-free survival (DFS). Identifying correlations among demographic data, tumor characteristics, treatment modalities, and survival outcomes could enhance patient management and improve survival rates. The study encompassed patients diagnosed and treated for endometrial cancer from January 2010 to December 2020. Clinical and pathological data were extracted from medical records for 311 patients, focusing on variables such as age, histological type, tumor grade, type of surgical treatment, and adjuvant therapies. Survival analysis was conducted using the Kaplan–Meier method and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models to identify factors independently associated with survival. The study demonstrated that lymphovascular invasion significantly impacted survival outcomes on Kaplan–Meier analysis (log-rank p-value = 0.0058). Patients with LV showed a marked decrease in DFS compared to those without LV invasion, with a median DFS of 3.2 years and a hazard ratio of 2.18 (95% CI: 1.56–3.04, p < 0.001). Furthermore, high-grade tumors and p53 positivity were strongly associated with reduced DFS, with hazard ratios of 1.93 (p = 0.001) and 2.11 (p < 0.001), respectively. Patients with distant metastasis exhibited the most significant decline in survival, with a hazard ratio of 5.56 (95% CI: 2.45–10.18, p < 0.001). Despite comprehensive surgical and adjuvant therapies, these high-risk factors dictated poorer outcomes. The presence of lymphovascular invasion, high-grade tumors, and genetic markers like MSI and p53 are pivotal in predicting the course of endometrial cancer. This study underscores the necessity for aggressive management strategies in patients exhibiting these high-risk features to potentially improve prognosis and survival outcomes. The findings advocate for enhanced therapeutic strategies tailored to the biological behavior of the tumor, thereby aiming to elevate the overall survival rates for women diagnosed with endometrial cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Gynecological Oncology)
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10 pages, 3020 KiB  
Case Report
Mucin-Producing Lobular Breast Carcinoma Metastasis to an Ovarian Fibroma: Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Analysis of a Rare Case and Literature Review
by Alexandra Corina Faur, Camelia Vidiţa Gurban, Ecaterina Dăescu, Răzvan Vlad Tîrziu, Daniela Cornelia Lazăr and Laura Andreea Ghenciu
Diagnostics 2024, 14(9), 953; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14090953 - 30 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1950
Abstract
Breast cancer stands as the primary cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide, often presenting with distant metastases upon diagnosis. Ovarian metastases originating from breast cancer represent a range of 3–30% of all ovarian neoplasms. Case Report: Herein, we present the histopathological, histochemical, [...] Read more.
Breast cancer stands as the primary cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide, often presenting with distant metastases upon diagnosis. Ovarian metastases originating from breast cancer represent a range of 3–30% of all ovarian neoplasms. Case Report: Herein, we present the histopathological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical findings of a rare case involving mucin-producing lobular breast carcinoma metastasizing to an ovarian fibroma in an 82-year-old female previously diagnosed with lobular breast carcinoma. Histopathological examination of the excised tissues revealed a biphasic neoplasm characterized by tumor cells expressing AE-1/AE-3 cytokeratin, mammaglobin, GCDFP-15, inhibin, and calretinin. Positive mucin staining was observed using histochemical techniques, and reticulin fibers were demonstrated using the Gordon–Sweets technique. A final diagnosis of mucin-producing lobular breast carcinoma metastatic to a benign ovarian fibroma was rendered. Conclusion: The occurrence of metastatic breast carcinoma overlaid on an ovarian tumor represents a rare and diagnostically challenging scenario. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Gynecological Oncology)
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