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Exosomes in Cancers
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Exosomes in Cancers

A special issue of Current Issues in Molecular Biology (ISSN 1467-3045). This special issue belongs to the section "Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2024) | Viewed by 3153

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Priyanka Sharma

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
2. University of Pittsburgh Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
Interests: cancer; melanoma; exosomes

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Previously considered trash particles, exosomes (30–150 nm extracellular vesicles) play an important role in cancer development and progression. The function of these tiny vesicles depends on their origin. All body cells produce exosomes, and they are present in every bodily fluid. Because exosomes play a crucial role in cancer progression, we would like to invite the submission of manuscripts for this Special Issue entitled “Exomes in Cancer”.  We intend to focus on the role of exosomes in cancer progression in this Special Issue.  There will be a variety of topics discussed in this Issue, including exosomes activating or inhibiting signaling pathways, immune suppression by exosomes, the role of exosomes in angiogenesis, the role of exosomes in reprogramming the tumor microenvironment, and their role in tumor cell immune escape regulation. In addition, manuscripts that examine the application of exosomes to cancer treatment, either in conjunction with nanoengineered drugs or chemotherapeutics, are welcome.

Dr. Priyanka Sharma
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Current Issues in Molecular Biology is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • exosomes
  • angiogenesis
  • signaling pathways
  • immune suppression
  • cancer treatment

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

17 pages, 3755 KiB  
Review
Exosomal Cargo in Ovarian Cancer Dissemination
by Ekaterina Dzhugashvili and Svetlana Tamkovich
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2023, 45(12), 9851-9867; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb45120615 - 7 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1136
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) has the highest mortality rate among all gynecologic cancers and is characterized by early peritoneal spread. The growth and development of OC are associated with the formation of ascitic fluid, creating a unique tumor microenvironment. Understanding the mechanisms of tumor [...] Read more.
Ovarian cancer (OC) has the highest mortality rate among all gynecologic cancers and is characterized by early peritoneal spread. The growth and development of OC are associated with the formation of ascitic fluid, creating a unique tumor microenvironment. Understanding the mechanisms of tumor progression is crucial in identifying new diagnostic biomarkers and developing novel therapeutic strategies. Exosomes, lipid bilayer vesicles measuring 30–150 nm in size, are known to establish a crucial link between malignant cells and their microenvironment. Additionally, the confirmed involvement of exosomes in carcinogenesis enables them to mediate the invasion, migration, metastasis, and angiogenesis of tumor cells. Functionally active non-coding RNAs (such as microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, circRNAs), proteins, and lipid rafts transported within exosomes can activate numerous signaling pathways and modify gene expression. This review aims to expand our understanding of the role of exosomes and their contents in OC carcinogenesis processes such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, vasculogenic mimicry, tumor cell proliferation, and peritoneal spread. It also discusses the potential for utilizing exosomal cargo to develop novel “liquid biopsy” biomarkers for early OC diagnosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exosomes in Cancers)
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12 pages, 573 KiB  
Review
Exosome Analysis in Prostate Cancer: How They Can Improve Biomarkers’ Performance
by Stefano Salciccia, Marco Frisenda, Giulio Bevilacqua, Luca Gobbi, Bruno Bucca, Martina Moriconi, Pietro Viscuso, Alessandro Gentilucci, Gianna Mariotti, Susanna Cattarino, Flavio Forte, Stefano Fais, Mariantonia Logozzi, Beatrice Sciarra and Alessandro Sciarra
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2023, 45(7), 6085-6096; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb45070384 - 21 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1585
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular nanovesicles (EV), that is, carriers of different biomolecules such as lipids, proteins, nucleic acids. Their composition and the fact that their release dramatically increases in cases of tumorigenesis open up different scenarios on their possible application to research into new [...] Read more.
Exosomes are extracellular nanovesicles (EV), that is, carriers of different biomolecules such as lipids, proteins, nucleic acids. Their composition and the fact that their release dramatically increases in cases of tumorigenesis open up different scenarios on their possible application to research into new biomarkers. The first purpose of the present review was to specifically analyze and compare different methodologies available for the use of exosomes in prostate cancer (PC). The most widely applied methodologies include ultracentrifugation techniques, size-based techniques, immunoaffinity capture-based techniques (mainly ELISA), and precipitation. To optimize the acquisition of exosomes from the reference sample, more techniques can be applied in sequence for a single extraction, thereby determining an increase in labor time and costs. The second purpose was to describe clinical results obtained with the analysis of PSA-expressing exosomes in PC; this provides an incredibly accurate method of discriminating between healthy patients and those with prostate disease. Specifically, the IC-ELISA alone method achieved 98.57% sensitivity and 80.28% specificity in discriminating prostate cancer (PC) from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). An immunocapture-based ELISA assay was performed to quantify and characterize carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX expression in exosomes. The results revealed that CA IX positive exosomes were 25-fold higher in plasma samples from PC patients than in those from healthy controls. The analysis of PC-linked exosomes represents a promising diagnostic model that can effectively distinguish patients with PC from those with non-malignant prostatic disease. However, the use of exosome analysis in clinical practice is currently limited by several issues, including a lack of standardization in the analytical process and high costs, which are still too high for large-scale use. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exosomes in Cancers)
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