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Early Molecular Diagnosis and Comprehensive Treatment of Tumors
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Early Molecular Diagnosis and Comprehensive Treatment of Tumors

A special issue of Current Issues in Molecular Biology (ISSN 1467-3045). This special issue belongs to the section "Bioorganic Chemistry and Medicinal Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2025 | Viewed by 1237

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Chan-Yen Kuo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Oral Medicine and Materials, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
Interests: natural products; oxidative stress; patient-derived xenograft animal models; cancer therapy and diagnosis; tumor microenvironment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial in improving cancer prognosis and guiding effective treatment strategies. This Special Issue will focus on the latest advancements in early molecular diagnostics and comprehensive treatment approaches in tumors. We aim to highlight innovative techniques, including liquid biopsy, next-generation sequencing (NGS), and novel biomarkers, that enhance early cancer detection and risk assessment.

Additionally, this Special Issue will explore integrative treatment modalities, combining targeted therapy, immunotherapy, precision medicine, and conventional approaches such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. There will be a focus on the tumor microenvironment, the molecular mechanisms driving tumor progression, and emerging therapeutic strategies designed to improve patient outcomes.

By bringing together cutting-edge research and clinical applications, this Special Issue will provide a deeper understanding of tumor biology and pave the way for more effective personalized cancer treatments.

Dr. Chan-Yen Kuo
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Current Issues in Molecular Biology is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • next-generation sequencing (NGS)
  • novel biomarkers
  • precision medicine
  • targeted therapy
  • immunotherapy
  • integrative treatment
  • personalized cancer treatment

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 766 KiB  
Article
Serum Levels of IL-21 and IL-22 in Breast Cancer Patients—A Preliminary Study
by Jacek Kabut, Aleksandra Mielczarek-Palacz, Joanna Magdalena Gola, Elżbieta Chełmecka, Anita Gorzelak-Magiera, Patrycja Królewska-Daszczyńska, Sebastian Stępień, Jakub Szymon Wnuk and Iwona Gisterek-Grocholska
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2025, 47(7), 537; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb47070537 - 10 Jul 2025
Viewed by 240
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignant tumours in women worldwide. Although modern medicine has led to advanced diagnostic methods and therapies that allow for increasingly effective treatment, the mechanisms underlying breast cancer development and progression remain the subject of [...] Read more.
Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignant tumours in women worldwide. Although modern medicine has led to advanced diagnostic methods and therapies that allow for increasingly effective treatment, the mechanisms underlying breast cancer development and progression remain the subject of intensive research. In the pathogenesis of this cancer, significant importance is attributed to interactions between tumour cells and the tumour microenvironment, in which soluble immune system mediators—cytokines—play a key role, including IL-21 and IL-22. These interleukins, by modulating the immune response, can both promote and inhibit tumour progression, and analysing their concentrations may prove helpful in diagnosis, disease progression prognosis, and the development of new therapies, including immunotherapy. The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of IL-21 and IL-22 in a group of patients with invasive cancer, depending on the biological type of the tumour and its malignancy grade. The study involved 60 women with breast cancer and 20 women with benign breast lesions, and the analysis of IL-21 and IL-22 protein concentrations was performed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The analysis shows that the concentrations of IL-21 and IL-22 do not differ significantly depending on the malignancy grade of the tumour. However, a statistically significant negative correlation between the concentrations of IL-21 and IL-22 was observed exclusively in the group of patients with benign breast lesions. Due to the high heterogeneity of breast cancers, further research with a larger study group is necessary to better understand these parameters and possibly apply them clinically in patients with breast cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Early Molecular Diagnosis and Comprehensive Treatment of Tumors)
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14 pages, 1841 KiB  
Article
Validation of Prognostic Circulating Cell-Free RNA Biomarkers HPGD, PACS1, and TDP2 in Colorectal Cancer Through TaqMan qPCR and Correlation Analysis
by Chau Ming Kan, Xiao Meng Pei, Simon Siu Man Ng, Wing Wa Leung, Yee Ni Wong, Hennie Yuk-Lin Cheng, William Chi Shing Cho, Hin Fung Tsang and Sze Chuen Cesar Wong
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2025, 47(7), 508; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb47070508 - 2 Jul 2025
Viewed by 305
Abstract
Circulating cell-free RNAs (cfRNAs) have emerged as promising non-invasive biomarkers for colorectal cancer (CRC), offering insights into the disease’s prognosis. This study investigates the prognostic significance of the specific cfRNA biomarkers HPGD, PACS1, and TDP2 by employing the Taqman quantitative PCR [...] Read more.
Circulating cell-free RNAs (cfRNAs) have emerged as promising non-invasive biomarkers for colorectal cancer (CRC), offering insights into the disease’s prognosis. This study investigates the prognostic significance of the specific cfRNA biomarkers HPGD, PACS1, and TDP2 by employing the Taqman quantitative PCR (qPCR) to evaluate their expression levels in a cohort of 52 CRC patients. The methodology involved a robust statistical analysis to assess correlations between cfRNA levels and clinical parameters, including survival rates and recurrence incidences. Findings revealed a significant upregulation in the expression of HPGD and PACS1, while TDP2 displayed varying results, indicating a complex role in disease dynamics. Notably, lower expression levels of HPGD were associated with reduced survival, suggesting its potential as a negative prognostic indicator. Conversely, TDP2 levels correlated strongly with increased risks of recurrence, highlighting its clinical relevance in monitoring disease progression. Overall, this study elucidates the intricate interplay between these cfRNAs in the CRC prognosis. The results advocate for further exploratory studies to validate PACS1’s potential as a prognostic marker and reinforce the clinical significance of HPGD and TDP2 in the context of CRC management, positioning them as vital elements in the landscape of molecular oncology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Early Molecular Diagnosis and Comprehensive Treatment of Tumors)
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Review

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21 pages, 329 KiB  
Review
Early Molecular Diagnosis and Comprehensive Treatment of Oral Cancer
by Po-Chih Hsu, Jen-Hsuan Huang, Chung-Che Tsai, Ya-Hsuan Lin and Chan-Yen Kuo
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2025, 47(6), 452; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb47060452 - 12 Jun 2025
Viewed by 549
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), a major subtype of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), is a significant global health burden owing to its late-stage diagnosis and poor prognosis. Recent advancements in molecular biology, genomics, and imaging have transformed the landscape of [...] Read more.
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), a major subtype of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), is a significant global health burden owing to its late-stage diagnosis and poor prognosis. Recent advancements in molecular biology, genomics, and imaging have transformed the landscape of OSCC diagnosis and treatment. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of early molecular diagnostic strategies, including biomarker discovery using next-generation sequencing, liquid biopsy, and salivary exosomal microRNAs. In addition, we highlight the emerging role of non-invasive optical imaging technologies and their clinical integration for improved surgical precision and early lesion detection. This review also discusses evolving therapeutic approaches, including immunotherapy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and patient-centered multimodal regimens tailored through molecular profiling. We emphasized balancing therapeutic efficacy with the quality of life in patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy. The convergence of multi-omics, artificial intelligence, and precision medicine holds promise for revolutionizing early detection and personalized treatment of OSCC, ultimately improving patient survival and clinical outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Early Molecular Diagnosis and Comprehensive Treatment of Tumors)
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