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Cells
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Membrane Dynamics and Molecular Mechanisms during Autophagosome Biogenesis and Maturation
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Membrane Dynamics and Molecular Mechanisms during Autophagosome Biogenesis and Maturation

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Autophagy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 10418

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Eeva-Liisa Eskelinen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institue of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
Interests: autophagosome biogenesis and maturation; RAB24
Prof. Dr. Nicholas T. Ktistakis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Babraham Institute, Signalling Programme, Cambridge, UK
Interests: lipid-mediated signal transduction; autophagosome formation; VPS34 activity

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Autophagy is a life-supporting catabolic process conserved from yeast to humans. Genes and proteins regulating autophagy were discovered in the 1990s, and these findings were awarded with a Nobel prize to Yoshinori Ohsumi in 2016. The knowledge on autophagy genes and proteins has made it possible to study this process in detail, including its most elusive steps, i.e., the biogenesis and maturation of autophagosomes. Accordingly, substantial progress has been made during recent years in two related aspects of this process: tracking autophagosome formation via advanced microscopical techniques and providing biochemical mechanisms for the hierarchy of the steps involved. 

This Special Issue aims to present a selection of recent findings on membrane dynamics and molecular mechanisms occurring during autophagosome biogenesis and maturation into degradative autolysosomes, including the still poorly-understood process of autolysosome clearance. We hope that these articles will clarify what is known with confidence, what is still not fully understood, and which important questions may still need to be addressed in future studies. We particularly hope to integrate findings from nonselective autophagy to the mechanisms regulating the diverse pathways of selective autophagy.

Prof. Dr. Eeva-Liisa Eskelinen
Prof. Dr. Nicholas Ktistakis
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cells is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Phagophore
  • Isolation membrane
  • Omegasome
  • Autolysosome
  • Membrane trafficking
  • Selective autophagy

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

16 pages, 4375 KiB  
Review
Autophagy, Acute Pancreatitis and the Metamorphoses of a Trypsinogen-Activating Organelle
by Svetlana Voronina, Michael Chvanov, Francesca De Faveri, Ulrike Mayer, Tom Wileman, David Criddle and Alexei Tepikin
Cells 2022, 11(16), 2514; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11162514 - 12 Aug 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3186
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the importance of autophagy and particularly non-canonical autophagy in the development and progression of acute pancreatitis (a frequent disease with considerable morbidity and significant mortality). An important early event in the development of acute pancreatitis is the intrapancreatic activation [...] Read more.
Recent studies have highlighted the importance of autophagy and particularly non-canonical autophagy in the development and progression of acute pancreatitis (a frequent disease with considerable morbidity and significant mortality). An important early event in the development of acute pancreatitis is the intrapancreatic activation of trypsinogen, (i.e., formation of trypsin) leading to the autodigestion of the organ. Another prominent phenomenon associated with the initiation of this disease is vacuolisation and specifically the formation of giant endocytic vacuoles in pancreatic acinar cells. These organelles develop in acinar cells exposed to several inducers of acute pancreatitis (including taurolithocholic acid and high concentrations of secretagogues cholecystokinin and acetylcholine). Notably, early trypsinogen activation occurs in the endocytic vacuoles. These trypsinogen-activating organelles undergo activation, long-distance trafficking, and non-canonical autophagy. In this review, we will discuss the role of autophagy in acute pancreatitis and particularly focus on the recently discovered LAP-like non-canonical autophagy (LNCA) of endocytic vacuoles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Membrane Dynamics and Molecular Mechanisms during Autophagosome Biogenesis and Maturation)
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35 pages, 2122 KiB  
Review
Activation Mechanisms of the VPS34 Complexes
by Yohei Ohashi
Cells 2021, 10(11), 3124; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10113124 - 11 Nov 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 6100
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PtdIns(3)P) is essential for cell survival, and its intracellular synthesis is spatially and temporally regulated. It has major roles in two distinctive cellular pathways, namely, the autophagy and endocytic pathways. PtdIns(3)P is synthesized from phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) by PIK3C3C/VPS34 in mammals or Vps34 [...] Read more.
Phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PtdIns(3)P) is essential for cell survival, and its intracellular synthesis is spatially and temporally regulated. It has major roles in two distinctive cellular pathways, namely, the autophagy and endocytic pathways. PtdIns(3)P is synthesized from phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) by PIK3C3C/VPS34 in mammals or Vps34 in yeast. Pathway-specific VPS34/Vps34 activity is the consequence of the enzyme being incorporated into two mutually exclusive complexes: complex I for autophagy, composed of VPS34/Vps34–Vps15/Vps15-Beclin 1/Vps30-ATG14L/Atg14 (mammals/yeast), and complex II for endocytic pathways, in which ATG14L/Atg14 is replaced with UVRAG/Vps38 (mammals/yeast). Because of its involvement in autophagy, defects in which are closely associated with human diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, developing highly selective drugs that target specific VPS34/Vps34 complexes is an essential goal in the autophagy field. Recent studies on the activation mechanisms of VPS34/Vps34 complexes have revealed that a variety of factors, including conformational changes, lipid physicochemical parameters, upstream regulators, and downstream effectors, greatly influence the activity of these complexes. This review summarizes and highlights each of these influences as well as clarifying key questions remaining in the field and outlining future perspectives. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Membrane Dynamics and Molecular Mechanisms during Autophagosome Biogenesis and Maturation)
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