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Cells
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New Insights into Adult Neural Stem Cells and Neurogenesis
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New Insights into Adult Neural Stem Cells and Neurogenesis

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Stem Cells".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2024) | Viewed by 2119

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Bor Luen Tang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
Interests: membrane trafficking; neuronal death and regeneration; Sirt1 and aging
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The existence of stem cells or progenitor cells with varying degrees of multipotency and the generation of new neurons persists into adulthood. These neural stem or progenitor cells provide a reserve and the repertoire for adult neurogenesis, which contributes to olfactory system regeneration, learning and memory, and a host of neurophysiological processes. Adult neural stem cell dormancy/activation/proliferation and adult neurogenesis could be modulated by injury, pathological changes in neurodegenerative diseases, as well as physiological aging. Adult neurogenesis occurs to varying degrees in mammals, and has been extensively documented in rodent models. However, to what extent this occurs in non-human primates and humans is only beginning to be revealed, and whether it occurs to any functionally meaningful degree in adult human brains continues to be a contentious issue. Understanding the nature and occurrence of adult neural stem cells and adult neurogenesis would have important implications, particularly with regard to neural regeneration and brain repair. With relevance to the above, recent attempts at in vivo or in situ conversion of non-neuronal cells to neural progenitors or neurons are particularly notable.

The Cells Special Issue on “New insights into adult neural stem cells and neurogenesis” is open to contributions on all aspects of adult neural stem cells and adult neurogenesis. These can take the form of original research papers, full review articles or shorter focused perspectives (2500-3500 words). Relevant topics would include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Adult neural stem/progenitor cells;
  • Adult neural stem cell niches;
  • Adult neurogenesis in non-human primates;
  • Adult neurogenesis in humans;
  • Neural stem/progenitor cells in traumatic and ischemic brain injury;
  • Neural stem/progenitor cells in neural regeneration;
  • In vivo or in situ conversion of non-neuronal cells to neural progenitors or neurons.

Dr. Bor Luen Tang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cells is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • adult neurogenesis
  • brain repair neural stem cells
  • hippocampal neurogenesis
  • neural progenitor cells
  • neural regeneration
  • reprogramming
  • hippocampal stem cell niches
  • stem cell renewal

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 8509 KiB  
Article
Neonatal Brains Exhibit Higher Neural Reparative Activities than Adult Brains in a Mouse Model of Ischemic Stroke
by Ryo Nishiyama, Takayuki Nakagomi, Akiko Nakano-Doi, Yoji Kuramoto, Masahiro Tsuji and Shinichi Yoshimura
Cells 2024, 13(6), 519; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13060519 - 15 Mar 2024
Viewed by 748
Abstract
The neonatal brain is substantially more resistant to various forms of injury than the mature brain. For instance, the prognosis following ischemic stroke is generally poor in the elderly but favorable in neonates. Identifying the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying reparative activities in [...] Read more.
The neonatal brain is substantially more resistant to various forms of injury than the mature brain. For instance, the prognosis following ischemic stroke is generally poor in the elderly but favorable in neonates. Identifying the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying reparative activities in the neonatal brain after ischemic injury may provide feasible targets for therapeutic interventions in adults. To this end, we compared the reparative activities in postnatal day 13 and adult (8–12-week-old) mouse brain following middle cerebral artery occlusion. Immunohistochemistry revealed considerably greater generation of ischemia-induced neural stem/progenitor cells (iNSPCs) expressing nestin or Sox2 in ischemic areas of the neonatal brain. The iNSPCs isolated from the neonatal brain also demonstrated greater proliferative activity than those isolated from adult mice. In addition, genes associated with neuronal differentiation were enriched in iNSPCs isolated from the neonatal brain according to microarray and gene ontogeny analyses. Immunohistochemistry further revealed considerably greater production of newborn doublecortin+ neurons at the sites of ischemic injury in the neonatal brain compared to the adult brain. These findings suggest that greater iNSPC generation and neurogenic differentiation capacities contribute to the superior regeneration of the neonatal brain following ischemia. Together, our findings may help identify therapeutic targets for enhancing the reparative potential of the adult brain following stroke. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Adult Neural Stem Cells and Neurogenesis)
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17 pages, 3588 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Functional Heterogeneity of Directly Reprogrammed Neural Stem Cell-Derived Neurons via Single-Cell RNA Sequencing
by Yoo Sung Kim, NaRi Seo, Ji-Hye Kim, Soyeong Kang, Ji Won Park, Ki Dae Park, Hyang-Ae Lee and Misun Park
Cells 2023, 12(24), 2818; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12242818 - 11 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1078
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of directly reprogrammed neural stem cells (iNSCs) for neurodegenerative diseases relies on reducing the innate tumorigenicity of pluripotent stem cells. However, the heterogeneity within iNSCs is a major hurdle in quality control prior to clinical applications. Herein, we generated iNSCs [...] Read more.
The therapeutic potential of directly reprogrammed neural stem cells (iNSCs) for neurodegenerative diseases relies on reducing the innate tumorigenicity of pluripotent stem cells. However, the heterogeneity within iNSCs is a major hurdle in quality control prior to clinical applications. Herein, we generated iNSCs from human fibroblasts, by transfecting transcription factors using Sendai virus particles, and characterized the expression of iNSC markers. Using immunostaining and quantitative real time –polymerase chain reaction (RT –qPCR), no differences were observed between colonies of iNSCs and iNSC-derived neurons. Unexpectedly, patch-clamp analysis of iNSC-derived neurons revealed distinctive action potential firing even within the same batch product. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing in fibroblasts, iNSCs, and iNSC-derived neurons to dissect their functional heterogeneity and identify cell fate regulators during direct reprogramming followed by neuronal differentiation. Pseudotime trajectory analysis revealed distinct cell types depending on their gene expression profiles. Differential gene expression analysis showed distinct NEUROG1, PEG3, and STMN2 expression patterns in iNSCs and iNSC-derived neurons. Taken together, we recommend performing a predictable functional assessment with appropriate surrogate markers to ensure the quality control of iNSCs and their differentiated neurons, particularly before cell banking for regenerative cell therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Adult Neural Stem Cells and Neurogenesis)
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