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Catalysts
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Porous Materials as Efficient Catalysts: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications
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Porous Materials as Efficient Catalysts: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications

A special issue of Catalysts (ISSN 2073-4344). This special issue belongs to the section "Catalytic Reaction Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2024) | Viewed by 6306

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Mohammad Mozahar Hossain

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
Interests: catalysis and reaction engineering–in the areas of oxidative cracking/dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons; catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons, oil to chemicals; chemical looping; blue hydrogen; ammonia decomposition to hydrogen; biomass/heavy oil gasification; pyrolysis of waste materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Over the last several decades, the development/exploitation of highly porous materials, including wide range of materials such as MOFs, ZIFs, COFs, zeolites and carbon materials, has increased significantly. There has been a substantial advancement in the development of highly porous material with desired chemical and physical characteristics for various applications, including as catalyst supports, active materials and/or adsorbents. In many cases, the new class of materials open opportunities in developing new chemical processes technologies. They also contribute to the improvement of existing chemical processes. All these activities together contribute to the enhancement of process efficiencies, minimization of environmental impacts and increasing of economic benefits.

This Special Issue, entitled “Porous Materials as Efficient Catalysts: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications”, will concentrate on capturing advancements in the application of porous materials as catalyst materials in wide range of applications. Research findings aimed at the fundamental exploration of catalyst development—catalyst syntheses, characterizations and testing in laboratory/larger scales, catalyst deactivation, reaction mechanisms, kinetics investigations, catalytic reactors, experience in catalytic process operations involving porous materials—are of principal interest of this Special Issue. State-of-the-art reviews of these subjects are also welcome.

Prof. Dr. Mohammad Mozahar Hossain
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Catalysts is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • heterogeneous catalysts
  • solid phase catalysts
  • mixed metal catalysts
  • catalytic processes
  • fluidized bed/fixed bed/slurry catalysts
  • catalysts for green chemicals
  • catalysts for blue hydrogen
  • reaction mechanism
  • kinetics

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 4948 KiB  
Article
Cobalt-Doped Hydrochar Derived from Microalgae as an Efficient Peroxymonosulfate Activator for Paraben Degradation
by Chenyan Hu, Suxin Wu, Jiali Wang and Lianguo Chen
Catalysts 2024, 14(10), 695; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14100695 - 6 Oct 2024
Viewed by 692
Abstract
Hydrochar, an attractive member of the carbonaceous materials, is derived from biomass and projects great potential in peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation, but has not been studied much. Herein, by using the large-scale cultured Chlorella vulgaris and field-collected bloom algae, a series of porous hydrochar [...] Read more.
Hydrochar, an attractive member of the carbonaceous materials, is derived from biomass and projects great potential in peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation, but has not been studied much. Herein, by using the large-scale cultured Chlorella vulgaris and field-collected bloom algae, a series of porous hydrochar was synthesized via a facile hydrothermal carbonization reaction, while Co doping significantly increased their specific surface areas, carbonization degree, and surface functional groups. These Co-doped hydrochar (xCo-HC, x: amount of the Co precursor) could efficiently activate the PMS, resulting in nearly 100% removal of five common paraben pollutants within 40 min. A dosage of 0.2Co-HC of 0.15 g/L, a PMS concentration of 0.6 g/L, and an unadjusted pH of 6.4 were verified more appropriately for paraben degradation. The coexistence of Cl−, SO42−, and humic acid inhibited the degradation, while HCO3− showed an enhancing effect. No observable change was found at the presence of NO3−. Quenching results illustrated that the produced •SO4− during the conversion of doped Co3+/Co2+ acted as the dominant active species for paraben degradation, while •O2−, 1O2, and •OH contributed relatively less. The algae-based hydrochar potentially facilitated the electron transfer in the xCo-HC/PMS system. Overall, this study develops a new strategy for resource utilization of the abundant algae. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Porous Materials as Efficient Catalysts: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications)
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19 pages, 4427 KiB  
Article
Reduction of Trinitrobenzene to Amines with Molecular Hydrogen over Chrysocolla-like Catalysts
by Olga A. Kirichenko, Elena V. Shuvalova, Gennady I. Kapustin, Nikolay A. Davshan, Igor V. Mishin and Leonid M. Kustov
Catalysts 2024, 14(10), 686; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14100686 - 2 Oct 2024
Viewed by 687
Abstract
The cheap non-noble Cu–SiO2-based nanocatalysts are under intensive study in different reactions resulting in useful chemicals, yet their application in environment protection is poorly studied. In the present work, the influence of the Cu loading (3–15 wt%) on the catalytic behavior [...] Read more.
The cheap non-noble Cu–SiO2-based nanocatalysts are under intensive study in different reactions resulting in useful chemicals, yet their application in environment protection is poorly studied. In the present work, the influence of the Cu loading (3–15 wt%) on the catalytic behavior of Cu/SiO2 materials was first precisely studied in the hydrogenation of hazardous trinitrobenzene to valuable aromatic amines with molecular hydrogen. The catalysts have been synthesized by the method of deposition–precipitation using urea. The catalyst characterization by XRD, TPR-H2, SEM, TEM, and N2 adsorption methods confirmed that they include nanoparticles of the micro-mesoporous chrysocolla-like phase supported in the mesopores of a commercial SiO2 carrier, as well as revealed formation of the highly dispersed CuO phase in the sample with the highest Cu loading. Variation in reaction conditions showed the optimal ones (170 °C, 1.3 MPa H2) resulting in complete trinitrobenzene conversion with a triaminobenzene yield of 65% for the catalyst with a 15% Cu loading, and the best yield of 82% was obtained over the catalyst with 10% Cu calcined at 600 °C. The results show the potential of Cu phyllosilicate-based catalysts for the utilization of trinitroaromatic compounds via catalytic hydrogenation to amines and their possible applications in a remediation treatment system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Porous Materials as Efficient Catalysts: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications)
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10 pages, 4022 KiB  
Article
Spartina alterniflora-Derived Carbons for High-Performance Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) Catalysts
by Xinmeng Hao, Yougui Zhou, Lihua Guo, Huipeng Li, Hong Shang and Xuanhe Liu
Catalysts 2024, 14(9), 555; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14090555 - 24 Aug 2024
Viewed by 866
Abstract
Being an alien species, Spartina alterniflora has occupied the living space of native animals and plants, causing irreversible damage to the environment. Converting Spartina alterniflora into carbon or its derivatives offers a valuable solution to manage both invasive biomass and an energy shortage. [...] Read more.
Being an alien species, Spartina alterniflora has occupied the living space of native animals and plants, causing irreversible damage to the environment. Converting Spartina alterniflora into carbon or its derivatives offers a valuable solution to manage both invasive biomass and an energy shortage. Herein, through a simple activation process, we successfully prepared Spartina alterniflora-derived carbon (SAC) and its N-doped derivative SANC, and used them as metal-free catalysts for an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). SAC exhibits good electrochemical performance and holds significant potential in catalysis. After N-doping by melamine as a nitrogen source, electronegativity is redistributed in SANC, leading to enhanced performance (a half-wave potential of 0.716 V vs. RHE, and a four-electron transfer pathway with a H2O2 yield of only 2.05%). This work presents a straightforward and cost-effective approach to the usage of obsolete invasive biomass and shows great potential in energy generation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Porous Materials as Efficient Catalysts: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications)
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22 pages, 10819 KiB  
Article
Characterization of Equilibrium Catalysts from the Fluid Catalytic Cracking Process of Atmospheric Residue
by Seybou Yacouba Zakariyaou, Hua Ye, Abdoulaye Dan Makaou Oumarou, Mamane Souley Abdoul Aziz and Shixian Ke
Catalysts 2023, 13(12), 1483; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13121483 - 29 Nov 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3572
Abstract
In the FCC conversion of heavy petroleum fractions as atmospheric residues, the main challenge for refiners to achieve the quantity and quality of various commercial products depends essentially on the catalyst used in the process. A deep characterization of the catalyst at different [...] Read more.
In the FCC conversion of heavy petroleum fractions as atmospheric residues, the main challenge for refiners to achieve the quantity and quality of various commercial products depends essentially on the catalyst used in the process. A deep characterization of the catalyst at different steps of the process (fresh, regenerated, and spent catalyst) was investigated to study the catalyst’s behavior including the physicochemical evolution, the deactivation factor, and kinetic–thermodynamic parameters. All samples were characterized using various spectroscopy methods such as N2 adsorption–desorption, UV-visible spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, LECO carbon analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR13C) analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results of the N2 adsorption–desorption, UV-vis, Raman, LECO carbon, and SEM imaging showed that the main causes of catalyst deactivation and coking were the deposition of carbon species that covered the active sites and clogged the pores, and the attrition factor due to thermal conditions and poisonous metals. The XRD and XRF results showed the catalyst’s physicochemical evolution during the process and the different interlinks between catalyst and feedstock (Nickel, Vanadium, Sulfur, and Iron) elements which should be responsible for the coking and catalyst attrition factor. It has been found that, in addition to the temperature, the residence time of the catalyst in the process also influences catalyst structure transformation. NMR13C analysis revealed that polyaromatic hydrocarbon is the main component in the deposited coke of the spent catalyst. The pyridine-FTIR indicates that the catalyst thermal treatment has an influence on its Brønsted and Lewis acid sites and the distribution of the products. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the order of catalyst mass loss was fresh > regenerated > spent catalyst due to the progressive losses of the hydroxyl bonds (OH) and the structure change along the catalyst thermal treatment. Moreover, the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters showed that all zones are non-spontaneous endothermic reactions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Porous Materials as Efficient Catalysts: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications)
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