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Cancers
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Image-Guided Treatment of Liver Tumors
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Image-Guided Treatment of Liver Tumors

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Therapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2026 | Viewed by 704

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Maarten L. J. Smits

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Interests: liver; ablation; radioembolization; colorectal cancer; hepatocellular carcinoma
Dr. Niek Wijnen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Interests: liver; ablation; radioembolization; colorectal cancer; hepatocellular carcinoma

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Image-guided therapies have transformed the landscape of liver tumor treatment, offering minimally invasive options with increased precision and improved patient outcomes. These therapies—ranging from ablation techniques such as microwave ablation and irreversible electroporation to vascular interventions like radioembolization with yttrium-90 microspheres, chemoembolization, portal vein embolization, and double vein embolization—are rapidly evolving with advances in imaging, technology, and interdisciplinary collaboration.

This Special Issue of Cancers aims to highlight recent innovations, clinical outcomes, and translational research in the field of image-guided treatment of liver tumors (both primary liver tumors and liver metastases). We welcome original research articles, comprehensive reviews, and case-based insights that explore novel techniques, procedural optimization, and combination strategies that enhance therapeutic efficacy and patient selection.

We invite you to contribute to this Special Issue and help advance the understanding and application of image-guided interventions for liver tumors.

We are looking forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Maarten L. J. Smits
Dr. Niek Wijnen
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • liver
  • thermal ablation
  • radioembolization
  • TACE
  • yttrium-90
  • portal vein embolization
  • radiation oncology
  • interventional oncology

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 2397 KB  
Article
High-Dose Transarterial Radioembolization of Hepatic Metastases Using Yttrium-90 Resin Microspheres
by Charlotte C. I. Schneider, Belinda J. de Wit-van der Veen, Sanne M. A. Jansen, Kenneth F. M. Hergaarden, Margot E. T. Tesselaar, Niels F. M. Kok, Larissa W. van Golen, Arthur J. A. T. Braat, Regina G. H. Beets-Tan, Tarik R. Baetens and Elisabeth G. Klompenhouwer
Cancers 2025, 17(24), 3889; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17243889 - 5 Dec 2025
Viewed by 219
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Over the past few years, high-dose radioembolization (≥150 Gy) has become widely adopted for the treatment of primary liver cancer, while evidence for its application in hepatic metastases is still limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Over the past few years, high-dose radioembolization (≥150 Gy) has become widely adopted for the treatment of primary liver cancer, while evidence for its application in hepatic metastases is still limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of high-dose transarterial radioembolization (TARE) in patients with hepatic metastases using resin Yttrium-90 (90Y) microspheres. Methods: In this retrospective analysis, patients who were treated with high-dose TARE for hepatic metastases with 90Y resin microspheres between May 2019 and April 2025 were included. The primary outcomes were treatment efficacy and toxicity assessed according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v5.0. Treatment efficacy was evaluated based on radiological response according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1, time to progression and overall survival (OS). Secondary outcomes included 90Y PET/CT post-treatment voxel-based local deposition model dosimetry and its relations to response. Results: A total of 15 patients were included, with hepatic metastases originating from colorectal cancer (n = 11, 73.3%), neuroendocrine tumor (n = 3, 20%) and breast cancer (n = 1, 6.7%). Seven patients (47.7%) had undergone one or multiple prior loco(regional) liver treatments and 13 (86.7%) patients had prior systemic therapy. The median mean tumor absorbed dose was 160.7 Gy (IQR 127.6–245.0 Gy), and the median normal liver parenchyma dose was 40.3 Gy (IQR 21.7–52.3 Gy). Disease control was achieved in all patients, with partial response in 10 patients (66.7%) and stable disease in 5 patients (33.3%) after 3 months. The median OS was 26.5 months (95% CI 24.5 months to no estimate). Two patients (13.3%) experienced grade 3 laboratory toxicity. No grade 4 or 5 toxicities were observed. Conclusions: High-dose TARE with 90Y resin microspheres resulted in a high disease control rate and demonstrated a favorable safety profile, even in this heavily pretreated cohort. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Image-Guided Treatment of Liver Tumors)
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12 pages, 842 KB  
Article
Clinical Efficacy of Percutaneous Image-Guided Ablation in Breast Cancer Metastases to the Liver
by Govindarajan Narayanan, Elizabeth Mary Ruiz, Madelon Dijkstra, Nicole T. Gentile, Danielle Donahue, Ripal T. Gandhi, Reshma L. Mahtani, Starr Mautner and Bente A. T. van den Bemd
Cancers 2025, 17(23), 3823; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17233823 - 28 Nov 2025
Viewed by 257
Abstract
Objectives: This single-center retrospective study evaluates the clinical efficacy and safety of percutaneous ablation using microwave ablation (MWA) and irreversible electroporation (IRE) in patients with breast cancer liver metastases (BCLM). Methods: Between August 2018 and December 2023, 32 patients underwent 40 [...] Read more.
Objectives: This single-center retrospective study evaluates the clinical efficacy and safety of percutaneous ablation using microwave ablation (MWA) and irreversible electroporation (IRE) in patients with breast cancer liver metastases (BCLM). Methods: Between August 2018 and December 2023, 32 patients underwent 40 image-guided ablations for 57 BCLM. Mean age was 61.3 years (range: 32–85), and mean tumor size was 2.9 cm (range: 0.9–7.0 cm). Fifty lesions were treated with MWA and seven with IRE. Clinical efficacy was assessed by m-RECIST response at first follow-up imaging (after ≥1 month) and by monitoring local tumor progression (LTP), local tumor progression-free survival (LTPFS), and overall survival (OS). Safety was evaluated by adverse events according to CTCAE. Kaplan–Meier statistics were used for LTPFS and OS. Results: Median follow-up was 32.4 months (95% CI 16.6–48.0). Complete response was observed in 34 tumors (59.6%), partial response in 14 (24.6%), and progressive disease in 9 (15.8%). LTP occurred in 37 tumors (64.9%), with a median time to progression of 11.1 months (95% CI 1.4–20.8). One- and two-year LTPFS rates were 43.6% and 34.1%. Sixteen patients died during follow-up, with median OS of 27.8 months (95% CI 19.0–36.6) and 1- and 2-year OS rates of 90.1% and 55.9%. No major complications occurred. Complications included eight Grade 1 and two Grade 2 complications. Conclusions: Percutaneous ablation demonstrates clinical efficacy and a favorable safety profile in selected BCLM patients, achieving OS comparable to the current literature. Further studies should clarify its additive role within multimodality treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Image-Guided Treatment of Liver Tumors)
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