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Cancers
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First-Line Therapy in Thoracic Oncology
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First-Line Therapy in Thoracic Oncology

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Therapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 September 2026 | Viewed by 4371

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Antonio D'Andrilli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Thoracic Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini, 5- 80131 Naples, Italy
Interests: lung cancer; thoracic oncology; tracheal surgery; airway surgery; mediastinal tumors
Dr. Giulio Maurizi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy
Interests: brochovascular reconstruction; lung cancer; pulmonary artery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Thoracic neoplasms include a heterogeneous group of diseases requiring multidisciplinary interaction for diagnosis and treatment. Lung cancer is surely the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Over the last decades, significant advancements have been achieved in managing these tumors, especially when considering diagnostic tools for staging and restaging, integrated oncological protocols and refinements in surgical technique. Progresses in surgical approach have included minimally invasive procedures and increasing experience with more extended reconstructive operations. 

The aim of this Special Issue, “First-Line Therapy in Thoracic Oncology” will focus on some of the main diagnostic and therapeutic aspects in thoracic oncology, to highlight topics from the perspective of different specialties involved in this field. 

 We invite you to contribute with an original article or a review article dealing with a topic in the research area of Thoracic Oncology. The information of this Special Issue is listed above. Let us know if you are interested providing a title for your contribution. 

We look forward to receiving your contributions. 

Dr. Antonio D'Andrilli
Dr. Giulio Maurizi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • thoracic oncology
  • lung cancer
  • thymoma
  • mediastinal tumors

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 1231 KB  
Article
Radiomic and Clinical–Pathological Factors Predictive of Postoperative Recurrence in Lung Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Pilot Study
by Piero Paravani, Michela Polici, Giulia Arrivi, Alessandra Siciliani, Massimiliano Mancini, Rossella Mazzilli, Virginia Zamponi, Maurizio Martiradonna, Federica Palmeri, Beatrice Trabalza Marinucci, Francesco Panzuto, Matteo Tiracorrendo, Antonio D’Andrilli, Mohsen Ibrahim, Damiano Caruso and Antongiulio Faggiano
Cancers 2025, 17(23), 3812; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17233812 - 28 Nov 2025
Viewed by 296
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the lung account for about 30% of NETs. In localized and locally advanced forms, radical surgical resection is the standard of care. Although considered indolent tumors, they appear to be susceptible to post-surgical recurrence, with rates differing between [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the lung account for about 30% of NETs. In localized and locally advanced forms, radical surgical resection is the standard of care. Although considered indolent tumors, they appear to be susceptible to post-surgical recurrence, with rates differing between typical and atypical carcinoid. Although still debated, several clinicopathologic factors are potentially associated with recurrence. The aim of this retrospective/prospective observational study is to evaluate the predictive role of clinicopathological factors and radiomics features in patients with NET of the lung. Methods: From January 2021 to April 2024, 45 consecutive patients who underwent radical (R0) surgery for lung NET at the ENETS Center of Excellence of the Sant’Andrea Hospital were enrolled, all with at least 12 months of postoperative follow-up and availability of preoperative unenhanced chest CT. Clinicopathologic and radiomic factors were considered (107 radiomic features). Of the individual characteristics, the impact on recurrence was assessed by univariate logistic regression. Results: Among the 45 patients included, 4 patients (8.9%) experienced disease recurrence. Among the clinicopathological features, major age at diagnosis (p = 0.020), atypical carcinoid (p = 0.010), presence of functional syndrome (p = 0.002), advanced stage at diagnosis (p = 0.013), necrosis (p = 0.017) higher Ki-67 (p = 0.001), higher mitotic count (p = 0.006), and pathologic lymph node (p = 0.006) were associated with disease recurrence. Three radiomic features were found to predict recurrence: DependenceEntropy (p = 0.049), DependenceNonUniformityNormalized (p = 0.024), and Elongation (p = 0.039). In this preliminary analysis, multivariate analysis was not performed due to the small sample size. Conclusions: This study has shown that radiomics can be a valuable tool in predicting recurrence. Currently, to our knowledge, no other studies on the possible application of radiomics as prognostic factors in patients with lung NET have been published. These encouraging findings warrant further investigations with larger, multicenter cohorts to validate these results and implement them by constructing a predictive model of recurrence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue First-Line Therapy in Thoracic Oncology)
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17 pages, 1846 KB  
Article
Serological Response Patterns to Assess Treatment Outcomes in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Real-World Exploratory Multi-Center Observational Cohort Study
by Alessandra I. G. Buma, Femke Laarakker, Frederik A. van Delft, Milou M. F. Schuurbiers, Jasper Smit, Antonius E. van Herwaarden, Huub H. van Rossum and Michel M. van den Heuvel
Cancers 2025, 17(22), 3647; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17223647 - 13 Nov 2025
Viewed by 481
Abstract
Background: Previous studies mainly investigated singular serum tumor marker (STM) measurements for the management of advanced cancer patients, resulting in differences between recommended cut-off points and associated accuracies in evaluating treatment outcomes. We aimed to determine which STM dynamics recur during treatment in [...] Read more.
Background: Previous studies mainly investigated singular serum tumor marker (STM) measurements for the management of advanced cancer patients, resulting in differences between recommended cut-off points and associated accuracies in evaluating treatment outcomes. We aimed to determine which STM dynamics recur during treatment in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with disease control three months after starting with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-containing treatment and explore whether these dynamics retain information on treatment outcomes. Methods: This real-world exploratory multi-center observational cohort study included advanced NSCLC patients with clinical and radiological disease control three months after starting with ICI-containing treatment and at least three STM measurements for at least one STM during treatment. STM dynamics visualized for all patients were subclassified into three serological response patterns by two investigators who were blinded for treatment outcomes. Results: Between March 2013 and January 2023, 256 patients were included at two thoracic oncology outpatient clinics in The Netherlands. Kaplan–Meier survival analyses showed a significant association between the serological response patterns and both progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Additionally, the serological response patterns could be used to distinguish a durable response versus secondary treatment resistance, and oligoprogression versus systemic progression. Conclusions: Our findings underscore the value of monitoring STM dynamics in advanced NSCLC patients during ICI-containing treatment to improve response classification and decision-making in clinical practice. Future studies should explore the value of the identified dynamics in other tumor- and systemic treatment-types and tumor cell analytes for assessing treatment outcomes across multiple indications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue First-Line Therapy in Thoracic Oncology)
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23 pages, 8092 KB  
Article
Parenchyma-Sparing Bronchial Sleeve Resection in Low-Grade Malignant Diseases
by Ottavia Salimbene, Luca Voltolini, Olaf Mercier, Domenico Viggiano, Amir Hanna, Alessandro Gonfiotti and Elie Fadel
Cancers 2025, 17(13), 2156; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17132156 - 26 Jun 2025
Viewed by 841
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Sleeve and wedge bronchial resections without removal of lung tissue may represent a surgical option in selected cases of low-grade neoplasms. This study is a retrospective analysis of the surgical technique and the short- and long- term results of bronchial sleeve [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Sleeve and wedge bronchial resections without removal of lung tissue may represent a surgical option in selected cases of low-grade neoplasms. This study is a retrospective analysis of the surgical technique and the short- and long- term results of bronchial sleeve resections performed in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Careggi Hospital in Florence, Italy, and in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Marie Lannelongue Hospital in Plessis Robinson, France. Methods: Between January 2017 and October 2024, 25 patients with low-grade tumors underwent bronchial sleeve resection with total lung-sparing. We collected the preoperative data, surgical techniques, postoperative results and long-term oncologic outcomes. Results: We performed 25 bronchial sleeves which resulted in 20 typical carcinoids (TC), 3 atypical carcinoids (AT) and 2 mucoepidermoid carcinomas. Three patients had R1 resection, and one of them also had N1 disease; a multidisciplinary team opted for a “watch and wait” policy without adjuvant therapies. No local recurrences occurred, although three distant recurrences were observed. The five-year overall survival (OR) rate was 100%; the five-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 80%. Conclusions: Bronchoplastic procedures without lung parenchyma resection are an appropriate and feasible technique for selected cases of low-grade endobronchial neoplasms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue First-Line Therapy in Thoracic Oncology)
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Review

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15 pages, 869 KB  
Review
Resection and Reconstruction for Lung and Airway Tumors Invading the Carina
by Camilla Vanni, Erino A. Rendina, Giulio Maurizi and Antonio D’Andrilli
Cancers 2025, 17(2), 270; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17020270 - 15 Jan 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2044
Abstract
Tumors located at the tracheal bifurcation constitute a heterogeneous group of neoplasms whose treatment poses significant challenges due to their anatomical location, the requirement for radical resection, the need to restore local anatomy, and the necessity of maintaining adequate oxygenation throughout the entire [...] Read more.
Tumors located at the tracheal bifurcation constitute a heterogeneous group of neoplasms whose treatment poses significant challenges due to their anatomical location, the requirement for radical resection, the need to restore local anatomy, and the necessity of maintaining adequate oxygenation throughout the entire procedure. Advances in airway reconstruction surgical techniques, anesthesia, and complementary therapies have progressively expanded indications for radical treatment of these neoplasms, resulting in significant improvements in both short- and long-term outcomes in recent years. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue First-Line Therapy in Thoracic Oncology)
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