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Cancers
Special Issues
Gynecologic Oncology: Prevention, Screening and Treatment Innovations
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Gynecologic Oncology: Prevention, Screening and Treatment Innovations

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 May 2023) | Viewed by 11187

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Martin Weiss

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Women’s Health, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
Interests: cancer research; plasma medicine; cell biology; molecular biology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

What once seemed impossible in the diagnosis and treatment of gynecological and breast cancers is now a reality due to enduring research and consecutive technological innovations that have led to various breakthroughs.

These breakthroughs include:

  • Milestones in telehealth applications to enhance detection, treatment monitoring and patient safety;
  • Improved diagnostics, non-invasive treatment strategies and screening programs for cancer prevention;
  • High-resolution imaging to characterize the location, expansion and molecular behavior of cancer diseases;
  • Exact molecular and genetic mapping of cancers to individualize treatment strategies and enable targeted therapies, immuno-therapies and genetic editing;
  • Artificial intelligence used to improve cancer diagnosis, drug development, and precision medicine;
  • Robotic systems to perform precise and less invasive surgeries for cancer removal;
  • Innovative characterization of patient collectives in a real-world setting to tackle cancer research issues.

This Special Issue intends to summarize the current status of gynecologic oncology in relation to prevention, screening and treatment innovations including experimental, translational and clinical research. This includes scientific work on the following issues:

  • Gynecologic oncology
  • Clinical studies
  • Targeted therapy
  • Molecular tumor characterization
  • Cancer treatment monitoring 
  • Systemic therapy  
  • Enabling technologies
  • Dysplasia  
  • Advanced 2D / 3D cancer models     
  • CRISPR      
  • Telehealth  
  • Breast cancer
  • Cancer prevention
  • Cancer screening
  • Cancer genetics
  • Cancer virology
  • Oncologic surgery
  • Robotic surgery
  • Treatment innovations
  • Artificial intelligence
  • Imaging.                                                                        

Prof. Dr. Martin Weiss
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (6 papers)

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11 pages, 954 KiB  
Article
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Gynecologic Carcinosarcoma: A Single-Institution Experience
by Kristina E. Mercado, Nora M. Badiner, Canty Wang, Laura Denham, Juli J. Unternaehrer, Linda J. Hong and Yevgeniya J. Ioffe
Cancers 2023, 15(19), 4690; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15194690 - 23 Sep 2023
Viewed by 759
Abstract
We aimed to determine the incidence, treatment regimen, and treatment outcomes (including progression-free survival and overall survival) of gynecologic carcinosarcoma, a rare, aggressive, and understudied gynecologic malignancy. This retrospective review included all patients with gynecologic cancers diagnosed and treated at a single tertiary [...] Read more.
We aimed to determine the incidence, treatment regimen, and treatment outcomes (including progression-free survival and overall survival) of gynecologic carcinosarcoma, a rare, aggressive, and understudied gynecologic malignancy. This retrospective review included all patients with gynecologic cancers diagnosed and treated at a single tertiary care comprehensive cancer center between January 2012 and May 2021. A total of 2116 patients were eligible for review, of which 84 cases were identified as carcinosarcoma: 66 were uterine (5.2% of uterine cancers), 17 were ovarian (3.6% of ovarian cancers), 1 was cervical (0.28% of cervical cancers), and 1 was untyped. Of the patients, 76.2% presented advanced-stage disease (stage III/IV) at the time of diagnosis. Minority patients were more likely to present with stage III/IV (p < 0.0001). The majority of patients underwent surgical resection followed by systemic chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel. The median PFS was 7.5 months. Of the patients, 55% were alive 1 year after diagnosis, and 45% were alive at 5 years. In the studied population, minorities were more likely to present with more advanced disease. The rate of gynecologic carcinosarcomas was consistent with historical reports. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gynecologic Oncology: Prevention, Screening and Treatment Innovations)
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13 pages, 951 KiB  
Article
Effect of a Multi-Ingredient Coriolus-versicolor-Based Vaginal Gel in Women with HPV–Dependent Cervical Lesions: The Papilobs Real-Life Prospective Study
by Javier Cortés Bordoy, Javier de Santiago García, Marta Agenjo González, Damián Dexeus Carter, Gabriel Fiol Ruiz, Carmen García Ferreiro, Silvia P. González Rodríguez, Marta Gurrea Soteras, Ester Martínez Lamela, Santiago Palacios Gil-Antuñano, José María Romo de los Reyes, María del Pilar Sanjuán Cárdenas, Luis Serrano Cogollor and Ana E. del Villar Vázquez
Cancers 2023, 15(15), 3863; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15153863 - 29 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1543
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for virtually all cervical cancers in women. HPV infection and persistency may lead to different-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions that can result in high-grade lesions and cancer. The objective was to prospectively evaluate the results of using a Coriolus-versicolor [...] Read more.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for virtually all cervical cancers in women. HPV infection and persistency may lead to different-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions that can result in high-grade lesions and cancer. The objective was to prospectively evaluate the results of using a Coriolus-versicolor-based vaginal gel (Papilocare®) on HPV-dependent low-grade cervical lesion repair in a real-life scenario. HPV-positive women ≥ 25 years with ASCUS/LSIL cervical cytology results and concordant colposcopy images were included, receiving the vaginal gel one cannula/day for 21 days (first month) + one cannula/alternate days (five months). A 6-month second treatment cycle was prescribed when needed. Repair of the cervical low-grade lesions through cytology and colposcopy, HPV clearance, and level of satisfaction, and tolerability were evaluated. In total, 192 and 201 patients accounted for the total and safety analyses, respectively, and 77.1% repaired cervical lesions at 6 or 12 months (76.0% for high-risk HPV). Additionally, 71.6% achieved HPV clearance throughout the study’s duration (70.6% for high-risk HPV). Satisfaction level was rated 7.9 and 7.5 out of 10 at 6 and 12 months, respectively. Only three mild–moderate product-related adverse events were reported, and all of them were resolved by the end of the study. In our study, we observed higher regression rates of low-grade cervical lesions in women treated with Papilocare® vaginal gel than spontaneous regression rates reported in the literature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gynecologic Oncology: Prevention, Screening and Treatment Innovations)
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13 pages, 1844 KiB  
Article
Development of the NOGGO GIS v1 Assay, a Comprehensive Hybrid-Capture-Based NGS Assay for Therapeutic Stratification of Homologous Repair Deficiency Driven Tumors and Clinical Validation
by Eva-Maria Willing, Claudia Vollbrecht, Christine Vössing, Peggy Weist, Simon Schallenberg, Johanna M. Herbst, Stefanie Schatz, Balázs Jóri, Guillaume Bataillon, Philipp Harter, Vanda Salutari, Antonio Gonzáles Martin, Ignace Vergote, Nicoletta Colombo, Julia Roeper, Tobias Berg, Regina Berger, Bettina Kah, Trine Jakobi Noettrup, Markus Falk, Kathrin Arndt, Andreas Polten, Isabelle Ray-Coquard, Franziska Selzam, Judith Pirngruber, Stefanie Schmidt, Michael Hummel, Markus Tiemann, David Horst, Jalid Sehouli, Eric Pujade-Lauraine, Katharina Tiemann, Elena Ioana Braicu and Lukas C. Heukampadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Cancers 2023, 15(13), 3445; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15133445 - 30 Jun 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2193
Abstract
The worldwide approval of the combination maintenance therapy of olaparib and bevacizumab in advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer requires complex molecular diagnostic assays that are sufficiently robust for the routine detection of driver mutations in homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes and genomic instability [...] Read more.
The worldwide approval of the combination maintenance therapy of olaparib and bevacizumab in advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer requires complex molecular diagnostic assays that are sufficiently robust for the routine detection of driver mutations in homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes and genomic instability (GI), employing formalin-fixed (FFPE) paraffin-embedded tumor samples without matched normal tissue. We therefore established a DNA-based hybrid capture NGS assay and an associated bioinformatic pipeline that fulfils our institution’s specific needs. The assay´s target regions cover the full exonic territory of relevant cancer-related genes and HRR genes and more than 20,000 evenly distributed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci to allow for the detection of genome-wide allele specific copy number alterations (CNA). To determine GI status, we implemented an %CNA score that is robust across a broad range of tumor cell content (25–85%) often found in routine FFPE samples. The assay was established using high-grade serous ovarian cancer samples for which BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation status as well as Myriad MyChoice homologous repair deficiency (HRD) status was known. The NOGGO (Northeastern German Society for Gynecologic Oncology) GIS (GI-Score) v1 assay was clinically validated on more than 400 samples of the ENGOT PAOLA-1 clinical trial as part of the European Network for Gynaecological Oncological Trial groups (ENGOT) HRD European Initiative. The “NOGGO GIS v1 assay” performed using highly robust hazard ratios for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), as well a significantly lower dropout rate than the Myriad MyChoice clinical trial assay supporting the clinical utility of the assay. We also provide proof of a modular and scalable routine diagnostic method, that can be flexibly adapted and adjusted to meet future clinical needs, emerging biomarkers, and further tumor entities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gynecologic Oncology: Prevention, Screening and Treatment Innovations)
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13 pages, 677 KiB  
Article
In Utero Exposure to Hormonal Contraception and Mortality in Offspring with and without Cancer: A Nationwide Cohort Study
by Lina Steinrud Mørch, Mads Gamborg, Caroline Hallas Hemmingsen, Charlotte Wessel Skovlund, Susanne Krüger Kjær and Marie Hargreave
Cancers 2023, 15(12), 3163; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15123163 - 13 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1441
Abstract
Approximately 400 million women of reproductive age use hormonal contraceptives worldwide. Eventually, pregnancy sometimes occurs due to irregular use. Use in early pregnancy is found to be associated with child morbidities including cancer, the main reason for disease-related death in children. Here, we [...] Read more.
Approximately 400 million women of reproductive age use hormonal contraceptives worldwide. Eventually, pregnancy sometimes occurs due to irregular use. Use in early pregnancy is found to be associated with child morbidities including cancer, the main reason for disease-related death in children. Here, we add the missing piece about in utero exposure to hormonal contraception and mortality in offspring, including assessments of prognosis in children with cancer. In utero exposure to hormonal contraception may be associated with death since we found a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.22 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.48) compared to children of mothers with previous use. The HRs were 1.22 (95% CI 0.99–1.13) for oral combined products and 2.92 (95% CI 1.21–7.04) for non-oral progestin-only products. A poorer prognosis was also found in exposed children with leukemia (3.62 (95% CI: 1.33–9.87)). If causal, hormonal contraception in pregnancy seems detrimental for offspring health and a marker of poorer prognosis in children with leukemia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gynecologic Oncology: Prevention, Screening and Treatment Innovations)
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9 pages, 597 KiB  
Article
Determination of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Endometrial Cancer Molecular Subtypes Using the Variant Interpretation and Clinical Decision Support Software MH Guide
by Alexander Mustea, Damian J. Ralser, Eva Egger, Ulrike Ziehm, Sonia Vivas, Stephan Brock, David Jackson, Mateja Condic, Christian Meisel, Lucia Otten, Anna Laib, Miguel Cubas Cordova, Rahel Hartmann, Martin A. Stein, Dominique Koensgen and Matthias B. Stope
Cancers 2023, 15(7), 2053; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15072053 - 30 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2384
Abstract
Background: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) network (United States National Cancer Institute) identified four molecular endometrial cancer (EC) subtypes using an extensive multi-method approach. The aim of this study was to determine the four TCGA EC molecular subtypes using a single-method whole-exome sequencing [...] Read more.
Background: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) network (United States National Cancer Institute) identified four molecular endometrial cancer (EC) subtypes using an extensive multi-method approach. The aim of this study was to determine the four TCGA EC molecular subtypes using a single-method whole-exome sequencing (WES)-based approach provided by MH Guide (Molecular Health, Heidelberg, Germany). Methods: WES and clinical data of n = 232 EC patients were obtained from TCGA. The four TCGA EC molecular subtypes designated as (i) Mutated Polymerase ε (POLE), (ii) Microsatellite Instability (MSI), (iii) Copy Number (CN) low and, (iv) CN-high were determined using the MH Guide software. The prognostic value of the subtypes determined by MH Guide were compared with the TCGA classification. Results: Analysis of WES data using the MH Guide software led to the precise identification of the four EC molecular subtypes analogous to the TCGA classification. Both approaches displayed high concordance in terms of prognostic significance. Conclusions: The multi-method-based TCGA EC molecular subtypes can reliably be reproduced by the single-method-based MH Guide approach. The easy-to-implement single-method MH Guide approach represents a promising diagnostic tool. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gynecologic Oncology: Prevention, Screening and Treatment Innovations)
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16 pages, 709 KiB  
Systematic Review
Plasma Device Functions and Tissue Effects in the Female Pelvis—A Systematic Review
by Nick J. van de Berg, Gatske M. Nieuwenhuyzen-de Boer, Xu Shan Gao, L. Lucia Rijstenberg and Heleen J. van Beekhuizen
Cancers 2023, 15(8), 2386; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15082386 - 20 Apr 2023
Viewed by 1582
Abstract
Medical use of (non-)thermal plasmas is an emerging field in gynaecology. However, data on plasma energy dispersion remain limited. This systematic review presents an overview of plasma devices, fields of effective application, and impact of use factors and device settings on tissues in [...] Read more.
Medical use of (non-)thermal plasmas is an emerging field in gynaecology. However, data on plasma energy dispersion remain limited. This systematic review presents an overview of plasma devices, fields of effective application, and impact of use factors and device settings on tissues in the female pelvis, including the uterus, ovaries, cervix, vagina, vulva, colon, omentum, mesenterium, and peritoneum. A search of the literature was performed on 4 January 2023 in the Medline Ovid, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. Devices were classified as plasma-assisted electrosurgery (ES) using electrothermal energy, neutral argon plasma (NAP) using kinetic particle energy, or cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) using non-thermal biochemical reactions. In total, 8958 articles were identified, of which 310 were scanned, and 14 were included due to containing quantitative data on depths or volumes of tissues reached. Plasma-assisted ES devices produce a thermal effects depth of <2.4 mm. In turn, NAP effects remained superficial, <1.0 mm. So far, the depth and uniformity of CAP effects are insufficiently understood. These data are crucial to achieve complete treatment, reduce recurrence, and limit damage to healthy tissues (e.g., prevent perforations or preserve parenchyma). Upcoming and potentially high-gain applications are discussed, and deficits in current evidence are identified. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gynecologic Oncology: Prevention, Screening and Treatment Innovations)
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