Advancements in Bladder Cancer Therapy

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Therapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2025 | Viewed by 1821

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Guest Editor
Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 35, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
Interests: bladder cancer; urothelial cancer; reconstructive surgery; molecular markers
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The field of bladder cancer has attracted significant attention in recent years with the introduction of new systemic therapy not only for metastatic disease but also for localized and non-muscle invasive disease. Moreover, molecular medicine and genetics are making impressive progress in the diagnostic and prognostic field. With both new treatment modalities and new diagnostic individualized work-up, we must rethink the whole field of bladder cancer surgery and treatment regimens. This Special Issue of Cancers will focus on both potential upcoming changes in regimens based on new diagnostics but also on new treatment strategies with a multimodal and individualized approach together with new emerging therapies in an otherwise well-known disease.

Prof. Dr. Jørgen Jensen
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • diagnostic
  • molecular markers
  • treatment
  • instillation therapy
  • systemic therapy
  • bladder sparring protocols

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 822 KiB  
Article
Contemporary Trends and Predictors Associated with Adverse Pathological Upstaging Among Non-Metastatic Localized Clinical T2 Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancers Undergoing Radical Cystectomy: Outcomes from a Single Tertiary Centre in the United Kingdom
by Francesco Del Giudice, Yasmin Abu-Ghanem, Rajesh Nair, Elsie Mensah, Jonathan Kam, Youssef Ibrahim, Mohamed Gad, Kathryn Chatterton, Suzanne Amery, Romerr Alao, Ben Challacombe, Mohammed Hegazy, Felice Crocetto, Valerio Santarelli, Jan Łaszkiewicz, Bernardo Rocco, Alessandro Sciarra, Benjamin I. Chung, Ramesh Thurairaja and Muhammad Shamim Khan
Cancers 2025, 17(9), 1477; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17091477 - 27 Apr 2025
Viewed by 113
Abstract
Introduction: Radical cystectomy (RC) is the gold standard for urothelial cT2-4a, N0, M0 muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). However, bladder-sparing strategies (BSS) such as Trimodality Therapy (TMT) have emerged as alternative treatments for a select group of localized muscle-confined (cT2) urothelial bladder cancers. [...] Read more.
Introduction: Radical cystectomy (RC) is the gold standard for urothelial cT2-4a, N0, M0 muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). However, bladder-sparing strategies (BSS) such as Trimodality Therapy (TMT) have emerged as alternative treatments for a select group of localized muscle-confined (cT2) urothelial bladder cancers. Accordingly, reliable preoperative staging and a reliable risk factor assessment linked to pathological upstaging play a key role in adequate counselling and patient selection for BSS. Patients and Methods: cT2 MIBC patients undergoing RC at our institution from 2014 to 2024 were reviewed. Preoperative staging modalities, demographics, and tumour and patient characteristics were assessed. Multivariable logistic regression was applied to explore the relative effect of confounders on any pathological upstaging from robot-assisted or open RC specimens. Subgroup analysis according to the local upstaging (>pT2) or nodal dissemination (pN+) was also performed. Results: N = 275 RCs were included (73.5% males, 26.5% females). Upstaging was documented in n = 141 (51%) cases. Of these, n = 125 (45.5%) were upstaged locally (>pT2) and n = 35 (23%) yielded pN+ disease. Preoperative parameters like gender, the number of TURBTs, previous BCG exposure, and concomitant CIS did not significantly influence the risk of any kind of upstaging (p > 0.05). At multivariable analysis, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and multi-disciplinary team (MDT) discussion were found protective (odds ratio [OR]: 0.4, 95%CI 0.2–0.7, p = 0.001 and OR: 0.51, 95%CI 0.2–0.9, p = 0.01). Preoperative FDG-PET assessment yielded higher risk for later pN upstaging (OR: 1.8, 95%CI 1–3, p = 0.05). HG/G3 features at TURBT along with mixed/pure histology variants in RC specimens were the most relevant independent predictors for both any and pT upstaging (OR: 4.3, 95%CI 1–34, p = 0.04 and OR: 2.3, 95%CI 1.1–4.6, p = 0.02 for any upstaging and OR: 5.6, 95%CI 1.3–36, p = 0.02 and OR: 2.5, 95%CI 1.3–5, p = 0.01 for pT upstaging, respectively). Conclusions: In this study, over half of the patients undergoing RC for cT2 were upstaged at the final pathology. Therefore, adequate counselling and examining the non-conventional criteria for prognosis is mandatory in the contemporary era of bladder-preservation strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Bladder Cancer Therapy)
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10 pages, 702 KiB  
Article
Patients with Metastatic or Locally Advanced Bladder Cancer Not Undergoing Systemic Oncological Treatment—Characteristics and Long-Term Outcome in a Single-Center Danish Cohort
by Kira Thorsteinsson, Simone Buchardt Brandt and Jørgen Bjerggaard Jensen
Cancers 2025, 17(7), 1105; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17071105 - 25 Mar 2025
Viewed by 366
Abstract
Background: A subset of patients with locally advanced or metastatic bladder cancer (la/mBC) do not receive systemic oncological treatment. The reasons for refraining from systemic treatment are poorly investigated, as are the characteristics of patients who turn out to be long-term survivors despite [...] Read more.
Background: A subset of patients with locally advanced or metastatic bladder cancer (la/mBC) do not receive systemic oncological treatment. The reasons for refraining from systemic treatment are poorly investigated, as are the characteristics of patients who turn out to be long-term survivors despite lack of treatment. Methods: This retrospective observational cohort study included patients with registration compatible with la/mBC who did not undergo systemic treatment. They were seen at a single tertiary university hospital covering one of 5 Danish regions in the study period from 1 January 2012 until 31 December 2022. Patients were identified through a coding system, and detailed patient information was obtained in the electronic medical records. Results: The initial study population consisted of 472 patients registered with la/mBC according to codes in the patient registries but with no registration of systemic oncological treatment. Out of the total cohort, 159 patients were registered correctly, while the rest of the population were excluded due to misclassification, as 10.8% did not have la/mBC and 55.5% had received oncological treatment. Among correctly registered patients, the median overall survival was 2.6 months (95% CI 0.26; 4.94) from being diagnosed with la/mBC. The most common reasons for lack of treatment were poor general condition (74.2%), patient preference (19.5%), and poor renal function (11.9%). Conclusions: Our study found that a significant amount of patients in a cohort of suspected la/mBC not undergoing treatment either received oncological treatment or did not have la/mBC, demonstrating a misclassification in the system. This should be taken into consideration when evaluating data about survival time for this patient group. The poorest survival of untreated la/mBC is associated with a high tumor burden and specifically liver metastasis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Bladder Cancer Therapy)
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11 pages, 469 KiB  
Article
The Role of Robotic Cystectomy in the Salvage and Palliative Setting: A Retrospective, Single-Center, Cohort Study
by Aldo Brassetti, Loris Cacciatore, Flavia Proietti, Rigoberto Pallares-Méndez, Alfredo Maria Bove, Umberto Anceschi, Riccardo Mastroianni, Leonardo Misuraca, Gabriele Tuderti, Giuseppe Chiacchio, Mariaconsiglia Ferriero, Rocco Simone Flammia, Costantino Leonardo and Giuseppe Simone
Cancers 2024, 16(22), 3784; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16223784 - 10 Nov 2024
Viewed by 943
Abstract
Introduction: This article compares surgical and survival outcomes of robot-assisted and open radical cystectomy with cutaneous ureterostomy for the treatment of frail bladder cancer patients with limited life expectancy. Methods: The institutional database was searched for cystectomy cases with cutaneous ureterostomy, from 1 [...] Read more.
Introduction: This article compares surgical and survival outcomes of robot-assisted and open radical cystectomy with cutaneous ureterostomy for the treatment of frail bladder cancer patients with limited life expectancy. Methods: The institutional database was searched for cystectomy cases with cutaneous ureterostomy, from 1 June 2016 to 31 August 2022. The study population was split into two groups, according to the surgical approach. The baseline characteristics and surgical outcomes were compared. Logistic regression analyses identified predictors of major bleeding events (hemoglobin loss ≥ 3.5 g/dL or blood transfusion) and re-operation within 30 days from surgery. The Kaplan–Meier method estimated the impact of the robotic approach on overall survival and Cox regression analysis assessed its predictors. Results: A total of 145 patients were included: 30% (n = 43) underwent robotic cystectomy. Patients’ characteristics and tumor stages distribution were comparable in the two groups but those receiving a minimally invasive treatment showed significantly reduced times to flatus, bowel and hospital discharge (all p < 0.001). Although operation times were longer in this cohort, major bleeding events (60% vs. 89%) and postoperative severe complications (0 vs. 8%) (both p < 0.001) were less frequent compared to the open approach. A logistic regression showed that robotic surgery independently predicted major bleeding events (OR: 0.26; 95%CI 0.09–0.72; p = 0.02) but not the need for re-intervention. A Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that robotic cystectomy was associated with a significant advantage in terms of overall survival (LogRank = 0.03), and this result was confirmed by Cox regression analysis (HR: 0.39; 95%CI 0.14–0.94; p = 0.04). Conclusions: Robotic cystectomy with cutaneous ureterostomy may represent a viable option to treat frail bladder cancer patients, as the minimally invasive approach reduces the risk of bleeding and serious complications and provides a prompt restoration of bowel function and a shorter hospital stay compared to open surgery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Bladder Cancer Therapy)
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