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Advances in Targeted Therapies in Cancer (2nd Edition)

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Therapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2026 | Viewed by 5542

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Nanomedicine, Methodist Neil Cancer Center and Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
Interests: experimental; therapeutics; identification of novel molecular targets related to cell survival pathways, signaling pathways such as EF2-Kinase (EF2K), FOXM1, AXL, and KRAS signaling; RNA (siRNA, miRNA, lncRNA) therapeutics; nanotherapeutics/nanodelivery systems (lipid, polymer and metal-based); development of tumor targeted therapies, kinase inhibitors, immunotherapy; immunosuppressive tumor microenviorenment; tumor associated macrophages
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, the focus of new drug development has shifted towards identifying and targeting molecular drivers of cancer. Targeted therapies have led to remarkable breakthroughs in cancer treatment and have allowed for the completion or continued clinical trials of new agents for the treatment of patients with advanced cancer. In molecular-based, targeted cancer therapy, the proteins or genes that drive the tumor growth and progression processes are targeted, thereby interfering with a variety of oncogenic cellular processes. Monoclonal antibodies are commonly used as therapeutic agents for challenging various targets at the cell surface by interfering with oncogenic signaling pathways and immunotherapy as immune check point inhibitors, which recently revolutionized the cancer therapy. Small molecule inhibitors are used to target intracellular kinases or other key proteins that regulate cell signaling, or other signaling pathways are utilized for the treatment of primary, metastatic, and advanced therapy-resistant cancers, and currently more than 40 small molecule inhibitors have received approval from the FDA for the treatment of cancer. A wide variety of targets are currently under investigation, including those related to protein–protein interactions, cancer metabolism, and immune modulation. RNA interference (RNAi)-based therapeutics have been proven to have a great potential for the development of targeted therapies for cancer. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) can inhibit the expression of any cancer-related genes/mRNAs. They have both entered clinical trials and, recently, three novel siRNA-based therapeutics were approved by the FDA. In addition, nanotechnology and nanotherapeutics proved to be extremely effective in enhancing the efficacy of conventional and targeted therapies and reducing the toxicity. Moreover, in recent years, cell-based therapies, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, natural killer (NK) cell therapy, dendritic cell (DC) therapy, and stem cell therapy, have also emerged as significant modalities in advanced targeted cancer therapy by targeting and eliminating malignant cells. We are pleased to invite you to a Special Issue entitled “Advanced in Targeted Therapies in Cancer” to highlight recent development in cancer therapies.

This Special Issue aims to provide insights into the strategies for advanced targeted therapies in cancer in the aspects of antibody-based therapies, small molecule inhibitors, RNAi-based therapies, and cell-based therapies, addressing the fundamentals of the approaches, challenges, recent preclinical and clinical studies, and state-of-the-art and future perspectives.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following: targeted cancer therapy, small molecule inhibitors, antibody-based cancer therapies, non-coding RNA therapies (i.e., miRNA and siRNA), cell-based therapies, nanotherapeutics, cell-based therapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, natural killer (NK), CAR-NK cell therapy, and dendritic cell (DC) therapies.

I look forward to receiving your contributions to the Special Issue.

Dr. Bulent Ozpolat
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • targeted therapy
  • cancer, antibody therapy
  • small molecule inhibitor
  • RNAi therapy
  • cell-based therapy

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 2671 KB  
Article
Tumor-Suppressive microRNA Therapy Inhibits Growth of Glioblastoma Multiforme Xenografts
by Ezgi Biltekin, Sayra Dilmac, Nermin Kahraman, Ogun Ali Gul, Yasemin M. Akay, Zhihui Wang, Metin Akay and Bulent Ozpolat
Cancers 2026, 18(9), 1479; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers18091479 - 4 May 2026
Viewed by 755
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is defined by rapid progression, high invasiveness, and a poor prognosis, with a median survival of only ≅13 months despite current treatments. Its marked genetic heterogeneity, high mutational burden, and cancer stem cell population make GBM exceptionally difficult to treat, [...] Read more.
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is defined by rapid progression, high invasiveness, and a poor prognosis, with a median survival of only ≅13 months despite current treatments. Its marked genetic heterogeneity, high mutational burden, and cancer stem cell population make GBM exceptionally difficult to treat, highlighting the urgent need for more effective, multitargeted therapies. Non-coding RNAs, particularly tumor suppressor microRNAs (miRNAs), have gained attention for suppressing key oncogenic processes that drive tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance, positioning them as promising tools for targeting multiple oncogenic pathways. We recently found that FOXM1/AXL-eEF2K collaboratively drive GBM cell proliferation, survival, and invasion through the formation of a signaling hub complex. In this study, we employed miRNA prediction algorithms to identify a specific miRNA, in vitro functional assays and in vivo GBM flank model to target GBM tumorigenesis by distrupting the FOXM1/AXL-eEF2K signaling hub. Our results indicated that FOXM1, AXL, and eEF2K are overexpressed in GBM patient tumors. To target the FOXM1/AXL-eEF2K signaling hub, we identified miR-449b-5p, miR-329-3p, and miR-518c as potential co-inhibitors of FOXM1/AXL-eEF2K and suppressors of cell proliferation, migration–invasion, and spheroid formation. Furthermore, the combination of miR-449b-5p, miR-329-3p, and miR-518c treatments with temozolomide led to synergistic enhancements in cell proliferation suppression and the induction of apoptosis and ferroptosis. More importantly, in vivo miR-329-3p treatment led to remarkable suppression of GBM tumor xenografts. These findings indicate that miR-329-3p-based tumor suppressor therapy may offer a multitargeted approach for GBM treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Targeted Therapies in Cancer (2nd Edition))
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Review

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22 pages, 5881 KB  
Review
DNA Aptamers: Reloaded Tools for Breast Cancer Therapeutics
by Karen Carrasco-Maure, Mauricio González-Olivares and Lorena Lobos-González
Cancers 2026, 18(5), 766; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers18050766 - 27 Feb 2026
Viewed by 780
Abstract
Breast cancer continues to be a major challenge in global health, in part due to significant inequalities in access to costly diagnostic and therapeutic technologies based on antibodies. Their manufacturing requires complex and expensive bioproduction systems, resulting in limited availability of these tools—essential [...] Read more.
Breast cancer continues to be a major challenge in global health, in part due to significant inequalities in access to costly diagnostic and therapeutic technologies based on antibodies. Their manufacturing requires complex and expensive bioproduction systems, resulting in limited availability of these tools—essential for early detection and targeted treatment—in many regions, particularly in Latin America. This gap has highlighted the need for cost-effective and scalable theranostic alternatives, increasing interest in aptamers. Obtained through SELEX technology, aptamers are synthetic DNA or RNA oligomers that fold into functional structures. Among their advantages are high affinity for their target, low immunogenicity, and chemical synthesis, which assures reproducible production. Aptamers have expanded the landscape of diagnostic platforms through the development of sensitive aptasensors, liquid biopsy strategies, and imaging systems based on nanomedicines. They also contribute to targeted therapy by recognizing cancer biomarkers selectively and enabling controlled drug delivery. This review presents a critical summary of advances in aptamer-based theranostics for breast cancer, addressing molecular mechanisms, structural folding, selective ligand binding, and nanomaterial interfacing. We also discuss applications in extracellular vesicle capture, cancer stem cell detection, and therapeutic conjugates, emphasizing their advantages and limitations relative to approaches based on antibodies. Overall, current advances show aptamers as emerging tools capable of democratizing precision oncology, particularly in regions where access to advanced technologies remains limited. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Targeted Therapies in Cancer (2nd Edition))
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25 pages, 1380 KB  
Review
Redefining the Fight Against SCLC: Standards, Innovations, and New Horizons
by Marcel Kemper, Lea Elisabeth Reitnauer, Georg Lenz, Georg Evers and Annalen Bleckmann
Cancers 2025, 17(13), 2256; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17132256 - 7 Jul 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3272
Abstract
Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains a highly aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. Despite multimodal standard therapies, most patients relapse within months, and second-line treatment options such as topotecan offer only limited benefit. Novel therapeutic strategies are therefore urgently needed. Methods: [...] Read more.
Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains a highly aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. Despite multimodal standard therapies, most patients relapse within months, and second-line treatment options such as topotecan offer only limited benefit. Novel therapeutic strategies are therefore urgently needed. Methods: This narrative review is based on a selective literature search conducted via PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov (last updated June 2025). Results: Emerging treatment strategies include bispecific T-cell engagers (e.g., tarlatamab), antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) such as sacituzumab govitecan, DS-7300, and ZL-1310, as well as targeted therapies. Among these, tarlatamab has demonstrated improved survival outcomes with an acceptable safety profile and is poised to become the new second-line standard. In contrast, ADCs and targeted agents have shown only modest efficacy and have yet to deliver meaningful survival benefits, often accompanied by increased toxicity. Additionally, the identification of molecular subtypes of SCLC has revealed subtype-specific differences in treatment response. However, clinical translation is challenged by intratumoral heterogeneity, plasticity, and the lack of standardized diagnostic assays. Conclusions: While tarlatamab represents a major therapeutic advancement, other agents remain in early clinical development and require validation in large, randomized trials. The clinical implementation of molecular subtyping remains limited, though it holds promise for future personalized treatment approaches. Despite recent progress, SCLC continues to pose substantial therapeutic challenges, emphasizing the need for improved treatment strategies and validated predictive biomarkers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Targeted Therapies in Cancer (2nd Edition))
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