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Cause, Screening and Diagnosis in Ovarian Cancer

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Danny N. Dhanasekaran

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Guest Editor

Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma University Health Science Center, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
Interests: cancer; cell signaling; non-coding RNA; tumor microenvironment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Daisuke A. Aoki

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Guest Editor

Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Dr. Benjamin Tsang

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Guest Editor

Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
Interests: Human Ovarian Cancer Biology and Chemoresistance

Prof. Dr. Yong Sang Song

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Guest Editor

1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
2. Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
Interests: anti-cancer drugs discovery; tumor microenvironment; cell-to-cell communication; translational medicine in cancer; gynecologic oncology; phytochemical; diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of cancer

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Epithelial ovarian cancer is an uncommon pathology but is considered the main cause of death related to malignant gynecological cancer in women. Its particularity is based on its silent character responsible for a late diagnosis and therapeutic difficulty, especially in its extended forms. It has been called the "silent killer" because researchers once thought it is asymptomatic in the early stages of the disease, although it can now normally be diagnosed in the early stages either by imaging or by blood biomarkers. However, the expansion of ovarian cancer in the peritoneal cavity is unknown.

The aim of this Special Issue is to accumulate new results on different aspects of ovarian cancer, ovarian germ cell tumors, and Fallopian tube cancer, including their expansion in the peritoneal cavity, causes, biomarkers, screening, genetic anomalies, animal models, social impact, and diagnosis.

Prof. Dr. Danny N. Dhanasekaran
Prof. Daisuke A. Aoki
Dr. Benjamin Tsang
Prof. Dr. Yong Sang Song
Guest Editors

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Keywords

deep learning model development
cancer genomics
tumor microenvironment
anticancer therapy
biomarker development
BRCA1/2
cancer genome profiling
drug sensitivity test

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 1559 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Plasma Protein Biomarkers Associated with Higher Ovarian Cancer Risk in BRCA1/2 Carriers

by Hee-Sung Ahn, Jung Yoon Ho, Jiyoung Yu, Jeonghun Yeom, Sanha Lee, Soo Young Hur, Yuyeon Jung, Kyunggon Kim and Youn Jin Choi

Cancers 2021, 13(10), 2300; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13102300 - 11 May 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2500

Abstract

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy and in-time diagnosis is limited because of the absence of effective biomarkers. Germline BRCA1/2 genetic alterations are risk factors for hereditary OC; risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) is pursued for disease prevention. However, not all healthy carriers develop the disease. Therefore, identifying predictive markers in the BRCA1/2 carrier population could help improve the identification of candidates for preventive RRSO. In this study, plasma samples from 20 OC patients (10 patients with BRCA1/2 wild type (_wt) and 10 with the BRCA1/2 variant (_var)) and 20 normal subjects (10 subjects with BRCA1/2_wt and 10 with BRCA1/2_var) were analyzed for potential biomarkers of hereditary OC. We applied a bottom-up proteomics approach, using nano-flow LC-MS to analyze depleted plasma proteome quantitatively, and potential plasma protein markers specific to the BRCA1/2 variant were identified from a comparative statistical analysis of the four groups. We obtained 1505 protein candidates from the 40 subjects, and SPARC and THBS1 were verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plasma SPARC and THBS1 concentrations in healthy BRCA1/2 carriers were found to be lower than in OC patients with BRCA1/2_var. If plasma SPARC concentrations increase over 337.35 ng/mL or plasma THBS1 concentrations increase over 65.28 μg/mL in a healthy BRCA1/2 carrier, oophorectomy may be suggested. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cause, Screening and Diagnosis in Ovarian Cancer)

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Review

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23 pages, 2453 KiB

Open AccessReview

Characteristics of Selected Adipokines in Ascites and Blood of Ovarian Cancer Patients

by Marcin Wróblewski, Karolina Szewczyk-Golec, Iga Hołyńska-Iwan, Joanna Wróblewska and Alina Woźniak

Cancers 2021, 13(18), 4702; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13184702 - 20 Sep 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2531

Abstract

Ovarian cancer is one of the most common malignancies among women worldwide. The course of the disease is often latent and asymptomatic in the early stages, but as it develops, metastasis occurs, accompanied by accumulation of ascites in the peritoneal cavity. The ascites fluid constitutes a specific microenvironment influencing the processes of carcinogenesis. In ascites, signaling is mediated by various cytokines that control tumor cell proliferation, progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Adipokines, secreted into ascites and also appearing in blood, may be markers of ongoing processes related to the development of neoplastic disease. Moreover, a significant influence of adipocyte lipids on the growth of tumors, for which they are one of energy sources, is observed. Adiponectin, interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), discussed in the present review, were found to mediate the effects of omentum metastasis through homing, migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells. Further research on those adipokines seem to be a natural consequence, allowing for a better understanding of the mechanisms of neoplastic disease and determination of the treatment procedure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cause, Screening and Diagnosis in Ovarian Cancer)

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