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Cancers
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Local Ablation Therapy in Liver Cancer
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Local Ablation Therapy in Liver Cancer

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Therapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2024) | Viewed by 4526

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Min Woo Lee

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
Interests: hepatocellular carcinoma; hepatic metastasis; local ablation therapy; ultrasound; fusion imaging; radiofrequency ablation; microwave ablation; cryoablation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Local ablation therapy, including radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation (MWA), and cryoablation, has been widely used as a curative treatment option for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or small metastatic colorectal cancer in the liver. Recently, MWA has been emerging in the field of local ablation therapy because it has better physical properties by providing faster and higher heat than RFA. RFA has seen continuous evolution in the recent decade. Nowadays, centripetal RFA using multiple RF electrodes, even with the no-touch technique, is widely used for better local tumor control. Cryoablation is expected to produce comparable therapeutic outcomes to thermal ablation. Notably, cryoablation has been reported to have a lower complication rate in treating HCCs close to the bile duct or intrahepatic vessels than RFA. In this special issue, recent advances in local ablation therapy, including RFA, MWA, and cryoablation of liver cancer, will be updated. 

Dr. Min Woo Lee
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • radiofrequency ablation
  • microwave ablation
  • cryoablation
  • hepatocellular carcinoma
  • metastasis

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 1087 KiB  
Article
Factors Impacting Microwave Ablation Zone Sizes: A Retrospective Analysis
by René Michael Mathy, Athanasios Giannakis, Mareike Franke, Alain Winiger, Hans-Ulrich Kauczor and De-Hua Chang
Cancers 2024, 16(7), 1279; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16071279 - 26 Mar 2024
Viewed by 498
Abstract
Purpose: Evaluation of the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic conditions on ablation zone volumes (AZV) after microwave ablation (MWA). Methods: Retrospective analysis of 38 MWAs of therapy-naïve liver tumours performed with the NeuWave PR probe. Ablations were performed either in the ‘standard mode’ [...] Read more.
Purpose: Evaluation of the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic conditions on ablation zone volumes (AZV) after microwave ablation (MWA). Methods: Retrospective analysis of 38 MWAs of therapy-naïve liver tumours performed with the NeuWave PR probe. Ablations were performed either in the ‘standard mode’ (65 W, 10 min) or in the ‘surgical mode’ (95 W, 1 min, then 65 W, 10 min). AZV measurements were obtained from contrast-enhanced computed tomography immediately post-ablation. Results: AZVs in the ‘standard mode’ were smaller than predicted by the manufacturer (length 3.6 ± 0.6 cm, 23% below 4.7 cm; width 2.7 ± 0.6, 23% below 3.5 cm). Ablation zone past the tip was limited to 6 mm in 28/32 ablations. Differences in AZV between the ‘surgical mode’ and ‘standard mode’ were not significant (15.6 ± 7.8 mL vs. 13.9 ± 8.8 mL, p = 0.6). AZVs were significantly larger in case of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) (n = 19) compared to metastasis (n = 19; 17.8 ± 9.9 mL vs. 10.1 ± 5.1 mL, p = 0.01) and in non-perivascular tumour location (n = 14) compared to perivascular location (n = 24, 18.7 ± 10.4 mL vs. 11.7 ± 6.1 mL, p = 0.012), with both factors remaining significant in two-way analysis of variance (HCC vs. metastasis: p = 0.02; perivascular vs. non-perivascular tumour location: p = 0.044). Conclusion: Larger AZVs can be expected in cases of HCCs compared with metastases and in non-perivascular locations. Using the ‘surgical mode’ does not increase AZV significantly. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Local Ablation Therapy in Liver Cancer)
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14 pages, 2380 KiB  
Article
Determining of Ablation Zone in Ex Vivo Bovine Liver Using Time-Shift Measurements
by Mohamed Lamhamdi, Ali Esmaeili, Kiyan Layes, Zakaria El Maaroufi, Georg Rose, Andreas Brensing and Bernd Schweizer
Cancers 2023, 15(21), 5230; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15215230 - 31 Oct 2023
Viewed by 977
Abstract
This study presents a measurement principle for determining the size of the ablation zone in MWA, which could ultimately form an alternative to more expensive monitoring approaches like CT. The measurement method is based on a microwave transmission measurement. A MWA is performed [...] Read more.
This study presents a measurement principle for determining the size of the ablation zone in MWA, which could ultimately form an alternative to more expensive monitoring approaches like CT. The measurement method is based on a microwave transmission measurement. A MWA is performed experimentally on ex vivo bovine liver to determine the ablation zone. This setup uses a custom slot applicator performing the MWA at an operating frequency of 2.45 GHz and a custom bowtie antenna measuring the waves transmitted from the applicator. Furthermore, a custom measurement probe is used to determine the dielectric properties. A time-shift analysis is used to determine the radial extent of the ablation zone. Several measurements are carried out with a power of 50 W for 10 min to show the reproducibility. The results show that this method can provide reproducible outcomes to determine the ablation zone with a maximum error of 4.11%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Local Ablation Therapy in Liver Cancer)
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18 pages, 5001 KiB  
Article
Combined Transarterial Chemoembolization and Radiofrequency Ablation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Infeasible for Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation: A Comparative Study with General Ultrasound-Guided Radiofrequency Ablation Outcomes
by Dong Ik Cha, Min Woo Lee, Dongho Hyun, Soo Hyun Ahn, Woo Kyoung Jeong and Hyunchul Rhim
Cancers 2023, 15(21), 5193; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15215193 - 28 Oct 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 979
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic outcomes of transarterial chemoembolization combined with radiofrequency ablation (TACE + RFA) for hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) measuring ≤3 cm infeasible for ultrasound (US)-guided percutaneous RFA. Methods: Twenty-four patients who underwent fluoroscopy-guided TACE + RFA for single [...] Read more.
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic outcomes of transarterial chemoembolization combined with radiofrequency ablation (TACE + RFA) for hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) measuring ≤3 cm infeasible for ultrasound (US)-guided percutaneous RFA. Methods: Twenty-four patients who underwent fluoroscopy-guided TACE + RFA for single HCC between January 2012 and December 2016 were screened. To evaluate the TACE + RFA outcomes compared with those of US-guided RFA, 371 patients who underwent US-guided RFA during the same period were screened. We compared local tumor progression (LTP) and intrahepatic distant recurrence (IDR) between the two groups before and after propensity score (PS) matching, and performed univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analyses for all patients. Results: PS matching yielded 21 and 42 patients in the TACE + RFA and US-guided RFA groups, respectively. Cumulative LTP rates after PS matching were not significantly different between the two groups at 1 (0.0% vs. 7.4%, p = 0.072), 2 (10.5% vs. 7.4%, p = 0.701), and 5 years (16.9% vs. 10.5%, p = 0.531). IDR rates did not differ significantly between the two groups at 1 (20.6% vs. 10%, p = 0.307), 2 (25.9% vs. 25.9%, p = 0.999), or 5 years (49.9% vs. 53%, p = 0.838). Multivariable analysis showed that treatment type was not a significant factor for LTP or IDR. Conclusion: The outcomes of TACE + RFA for HCC were similar to those of general US-guided RFA. Fluoroscopy-guided TACE + RFA may be an effective treatment when US-guided RFA is not feasible. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Local Ablation Therapy in Liver Cancer)
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18 pages, 1292 KiB  
Article
Risk Group Stratification for Recurrence-Free Survival and Early Tumor Recurrence after Radiofrequency Ablation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
by Dong Ik Cha, Soo Hyun Ahn, Min Woo Lee, Woo Kyoung Jeong, Kyoung Doo Song, Tae Wook Kang and Hyunchul Rhim
Cancers 2023, 15(3), 687; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15030687 - 22 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1611
Abstract
Purpose: Although the prognosis after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may vary according to different risk levels, there is no standardized follow-up protocol according to each patient’s risk. This study aimed to stratify patients according to their risk of recurrence-free survival [...] Read more.
Purpose: Although the prognosis after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may vary according to different risk levels, there is no standardized follow-up protocol according to each patient’s risk. This study aimed to stratify patients according to their risk of recurrence-free survival (RFS) and early (≤2 years) tumor recurrence (ETR) after RFA for HCC based on predictive models and nomograms and to compare the survival times of the risk groups derived from the models. Methods: Patients who underwent RFA for a single HCC (≤3 cm) between January 2012 and March 2014 (n = 152) were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were classified into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups based on the total nomogram points for RFS and ETR, respectively, and compared for each outcome. Restricted mean survival times (RMSTs) in the three risk groups were evaluated for both RFS and ETR to quantitatively evaluate the difference in survival times. Results: Predictive models for RFS and ETR were constructed with c-indices of 0.704 and 0.730, respectively. The high- and intermediate-risk groups for RFS had an 8.5-fold and 2.9-fold higher risk of events than the low-risk group (both p < 0.001), respectively. The high- and intermediate-risk groups for ETR had a 17.7-fold and 7.0-fold higher risk than the low-risk group (both p < 0.001), respectively. The RMST in the high-risk group was significantly lower than that in the other two groups 9 months after RFA, and that in the intermediate-risk group became lower than that in the low-risk group after 21 months with RFS and 24 months with ETR. Conclusion: Our predictive models were able to stratify patients into three groups according to their risk of RFS and ETR after RFA for HCC. Differences in RMSTs may be used to establish different follow-up protocols for the three risk groups. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Local Ablation Therapy in Liver Cancer)
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