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Buildings
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CO2 Neutrality of Sustainable Concrete Materials
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CO2 Neutrality of Sustainable Concrete Materials

A special issue of Buildings (ISSN 2075-5309). This special issue belongs to the section "Building Materials, and Repair & Renovation".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2023) | Viewed by 6371

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Xiaoyong Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Architectural Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Republic of Korea
Interests: cement and concrete; composite structures; numerical modeling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Run-Sheng Lin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Architectural Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Republic of Korea
Interests: cement and concrete; sustainable materials; cement chemistry; low CO2 concrete
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

A large amount of CO2 will be emitted during the production and transportation of concrete, causing environmental pollution and deterioration of people's health. Carbon neutrality is one of the goals that the concrete industry needs to achieve. How to reduce or even eliminate CO2 emissions while meeting the construction performance is an urgent problem for academic institutions, concrete construction companies, and government departments to solve. The purpose of this research is to provide an exchange platform for concrete carbon neutrality in various industries, to discover practical and feasible methods for the carbon neutralization of the concrete industry, and to promote the sustainable development of the construction industry. The research topics of this special issue include but are not limited to the following:

  • Carbonation curing of concrete; 
  • Carbon capture;
  • Carbon sequestration;
  • Low-carbon cement and concrete;
  • Material design considering CO2 emission;
  • Recycled aggregate concrete;
  • Durability and sustainability.
  • Magnesia-based cement;
  • Alkali activated cement and concrete;
  • Mineral admixtures;
  • Energy-saving and emission reduction in cement production

Dr. Xiao Yong Wang
Dr. Run-Sheng Lin
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Buildings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

 

Keywords

  • carbon neutrality
  • life cycle CO2
  • sustainability
  • geopolymer
  • supplementary cementitious materials
  • carbonation
  • chloride
  • corrosion

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 3915 KiB  
Article
Mixture Optimization of Sustainable Concrete with Silica Fume Considering CO2 Emissions and Cost
by Yi-Sheng Wang, Hyeong-Kyu Cho and Xiao-Yong Wang
Buildings 2022, 12(10), 1580; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12101580 - 01 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1436
Abstract
This research presents a framework for the mixture design of sustainable SF-modified concrete. The design strength at 28 days was scaled to different values (e.g., 30, 40, 50, and 60 MPa). CO2 emissions and cost were chosen as the design variables to [...] Read more.
This research presents a framework for the mixture design of sustainable SF-modified concrete. The design strength at 28 days was scaled to different values (e.g., 30, 40, 50, and 60 MPa). CO2 emissions and cost were chosen as the design variables to optimize. Strength, slump, and carbonation durability with global warming were applied as constraints of optimal design. The analysis revealed that, for low-CO2 concrete, when the design strength was 30 or 40 MPa, to fulfill the requirement of carbonation, the actual concrete strength ought to be 45.39 MPa, which was much greater than the design strength. Carbonation did not affect the mixtures scaled to a high design strength (50 and 60 MPa). The SF/binder ratio was maximum for low-CO2 concrete. Furthermore, for low-total-cost concrete, when the design strength was 30 MPa, the actual strength was 31.28 MPa after considering carbonation. Moreover, when considering global warming, the actual strength should be 33.44 MPa. The SF/binder ratio was minimum for low-cost concrete. Lastly, for low-material-cost concrete, the design was equivalent to the low-total-cost concrete, along with much lower CO2 emissions. In summary, the suggested technique is valuable for the design of sustainable SF-modified concrete with low CO2 and low cost. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue CO2 Neutrality of Sustainable Concrete Materials)
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23 pages, 3460 KiB  
Article
Mechanical, Durability and Microstructure Analysis Overview of Concrete Made with Metakaolin (MTK)
by Jawad Ahmad, Ali Majdi, Mohamed Moafak Arbili, Ahmed Farouk Deifalla and Muhammad Tayyab Naqash
Buildings 2022, 12(9), 1401; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091401 - 07 Sep 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1882
Abstract
Metakaolin (MTK) has received a lot of interest in the past two decades as a supplemental cementitious ingredient. MTK is actively being utilized in concrete and there is a large body of literature on the characteristics of concrete containing MTK. A rigorous evaluation [...] Read more.
Metakaolin (MTK) has received a lot of interest in the past two decades as a supplemental cementitious ingredient. MTK is actively being utilized in concrete and there is a large body of literature on the characteristics of concrete containing MTK. A rigorous evaluation of the use of MTK in concrete, however, is lacking, which is required to better know its (MTK) benefits, mechanisms, past and current progress. As a result, the objective of this study is to deliver an overview of MTK utilized in concrete. The physical and chemical characteristics of MTK, as well as the hydration, workability, mechanical qualities, hydration durability, and microstructure analysis of MTK-based concrete, are discussed. A comparison of the findings of diverse literature is presented, as well as some key recommendations. The findings suggest that adding MTK to concrete enhances certain characteristics, particularly mechanical capabilities, but decreases concrete flowability. Improvement in the durability of concrete with MTK was also observed but, for this, less information is available. For optimal performance, the right dosage is crucial. The typical ideal range is between 10 to 20% by weight of the binder. Further research gaps into the characteristics of concrete containing MTK are also recommended. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue CO2 Neutrality of Sustainable Concrete Materials)
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16 pages, 1372 KiB  
Article
Energy Optimization Design of Limestone Hybrid Concrete in Consideration of Stress Levels and Carbonation Resistance
by Xiao-Yong Wang, Yi-Sheng Wang, Run-Sheng Lin, Hyeong-Kyu Cho and Tae-Beom Min
Buildings 2022, 12(3), 342; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12030342 - 11 Mar 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1620
Abstract
This research describes a genetic algorithm-based process for the optimization design of sustainable concrete with limestone powder. The objective of the optimization design was set as the embodied energy. The restraints of the optimization design consist of strength, workability, and carbonation resistance along [...] Read more.
This research describes a genetic algorithm-based process for the optimization design of sustainable concrete with limestone powder. The objective of the optimization design was set as the embodied energy. The restraints of the optimization design consist of strength, workability, and carbonation resistance along with stress. The result of the research is shown as follows: (1) for low-strength concrete, carbonation dominates the mixture design of limestone hybrid concrete. Furthermore, the levels of stress and stress types modify the carbonation and optimization mixtures. The influence of tensile stress on optimization mixtures was much more apparent than compressive stress. (2) For concrete with high strength, strength dominates the mixture design of limestone hybrid concrete. (3) The optimization mixtures with low carbon footprints overlapped with those with low embodied energy. In addition, the new knowledge of the research is shown as follows: (1) find the decisive factor of concrete mixture design, (2) show a material design method considering structural stress, and (3) validate for various aims of optimal material design. In summary, the proposed model can be regarded as a common approach for the design of concrete mixture in consideration of strength, workability, carbonation resistance, and structural stress. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue CO2 Neutrality of Sustainable Concrete Materials)
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17 pages, 2564 KiB  
Article
Compressive Strength Estimation and CO2 Reduction Design of Fly Ash Composite Concrete
by Yi Han, Run-Sheng Lin and Xiao-Yong Wang
Buildings 2022, 12(2), 139; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12020139 - 27 Jan 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2429
Abstract
Fly ash is broadly utilized to produce concrete materials. This study presents a strength estimation model and a CO2 reduction design method for concrete with fly ash. First, a hydration-based strength (HBS) model is proposed for the evaluation of strength development at [...] Read more.
Fly ash is broadly utilized to produce concrete materials. This study presents a strength estimation model and a CO2 reduction design method for concrete with fly ash. First, a hydration-based strength (HBS) model is proposed for the evaluation of strength development at different ages of fly ash composite concrete with different mix proportions. Second, CO2 emissions for 1 MPa strength were evaluated. The analysis results show that, as the fly ash-to-binder ratio (FA/B) increased, the CO2 emissions for 1 MPa strength decreased. For concrete with a low water-to-binder ratio (W/B), the addition of high content of fly ash had an obvious dilution effect, which increased the reaction degree of cement and reduced CO2 emissions for 1 MPa strength. Moreover, the extension of the design age could reduce CO2 emissions for 1 MPa strength. Third, a genetic-algorithm-based optimal design model is proposed to find the individual mass of cement and fly ash of low-CO2 concrete. The analysis results show that, as the water contents increased from 160 to 170 kg/m3, to obtain the same strength, cement mass and fly ash mass increased, while the water/binder ratio and fly ash/binder ratio did not change. This means that the reduction in mixed water is one feasible way to lower CO2 emissions. In summary, the proposed strength–emission integrated analysis method is useful for designing sustainable fly ash composite concrete with the desired strength and low levels of CO2 emissions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue CO2 Neutrality of Sustainable Concrete Materials)
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