Cognitive Training and Physical Exercise: Evidence-Based Strategies for Healthy Aging

A special issue of Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Systems Neuroscience".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2026) | Viewed by 598

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The global rise in aging populations highlights the urgent need for strategies to maintain cognitive health and delay the onset of dementia. This Special Issue, “Cognitive Training and Physical Exercise: Evidence-Based Strategies for Healthy Aging,” invites original research articles, reviews, and systematic analyses that explore the neurobiological and clinical effects of cognitive and physical interventions across the spectrum of aging. We particularly welcome contributions addressing their impact in healthy older adults, individuals with mild cognitive impairment, and patients with dementia. Submissions may include randomized controlled trials, longitudinal studies, neuroimaging research, and mechanistic investigations that clarify how cognitive training and physical exercise enhance brain plasticity, preserve memory and executive function, and reduce dementia risk. By integrating findings across disciplines, this Special Issue aims to advance evidence-based practices and promote innovative approaches to fostering brain health in late life.

Dr. Takao Yamasaki
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • cognitive training
  • physical exercise
  • healthy aging
  • mild cognitive impairment
  • dementia
  • cognitive decline
  • neuroplasticity
  • brain health
  • executive function
  • memory

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

28 pages, 1842 KB  
Review
Effect of Environment on the Cognition of Older Adults: A Narrative Review
by José Miguel Sánchez-Nieto, Beatriz Hernández-Monjaraz and Víctor Manuel Mendoza-Núñez
Brain Sci. 2026, 16(5), 502; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci16050502 - 2 May 2026
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Abstract
Cognition in older adults may be influenced by environmental factors; however, the pathways linking environmental exposures and cognition remain unclear. The aim of this narrative review is to synthesize evidence on the association between the environment and cognition in older adults, integrating biological, [...] Read more.
Cognition in older adults may be influenced by environmental factors; however, the pathways linking environmental exposures and cognition remain unclear. The aim of this narrative review is to synthesize evidence on the association between the environment and cognition in older adults, integrating biological, environmental, and behavioral elements. Systematic reviews and original studies addressing this topic were identified in Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. The primary neural processes associated with maintaining cognition during aging are neuronal plasticity and compensatory scaffolding. Participation in intellectually stimulating activities, physical exercise, and a healthy diet; mitigation of chronic stress; reduction in the severity of depressive symptoms; and buffering against the adverse effects of air pollution are proposed as plausible pathways that may mediate the relationship between neural processes and the environment. In this context, environmental factors that affect cognition can be classified at three levels: (i) micro-level (family and home): social interaction with family members and indoor pollution; (ii) meso-level (community and services): social interaction, land-use diversity, transportation systems, environmental design, and urban green spaces; and (iii) macro-level (society in general and public policies): social representations of old age and aging (positive aging vs. ageism) and public policies aimed at improving pathways related to cognitive maintenance. Overall, the environment may influence cognition in older adults; however, the available studies show methodological and conceptual heterogeneity, inconsistent findings, and important gaps in knowledge. Full article
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