Emotional Dysregulation: From Neurodevelopment to Adult Psychopathology—a Transdiagnostic Perspective

A special issue of Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Developmental Neuroscience".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 June 2026 | Viewed by 1265

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Interests: neurodevelopmental disorders; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; emotional dysregulation; mood disorders; bipolar disorder; affective temperament; psycho-pharmacology; electroconvulsive therapy; psychogeriatrics; neurodegenerative disorders

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Emotional dysregulation (ED) is defined as a failure to regulate emotions, resulting in emotional experiences or expressions that interfere with appropriate goal-directed activity. Clinically, this term is commonly used to describe a phenotype characterized by observable problematic emotional responses and self-reported distressing experiences, including irritability, anxiety, and mood swings.

ED symptoms and/or the inadequate use of regulatory strategies have been repeatedly documented across psychiatric disorders and neurodevelopmental conditions in children, adolescents, and adults, and common neurobiological underpinnings have been suggested. However, several questions remain unanswered regarding the definition of ED and its relationship with specific diagnoses, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or bipolar disorder, including whether ED could represent a marker of severity, identify a specific condition, and/or serve as a mechanistic pathway in the development of psychiatric comorbidity.

This Special Issue will advance our understanding of ED across the lifespan, featuring empirical and theoretical contributions that elucidate its neurobiological mechanisms, longitudinal trajectories, and clinical transdiagnostic significance. We are seeking submissions that provide insights into the occurrence of ED across different psychiatric conditions, the clinical and neurobiological correlates of ED within and across diagnostic categories, and the longitudinal associations between ED and internalizing or externalizing psychopathology across developmental stages.

Dr. Giulio E. Brancati
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • emotional dysregulation
  • affective instability
  • irritability
  • neurodevelopmental disorders
  • transdiagnostic psychopathology
  • comorbidity
  • internalizing disorders
  • externalizing disorders
  • attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
  • mood disorders

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

25 pages, 370 KB  
Article
Clinical Characterization of Emotional Dysregulation in Adults with and Without ADHD: A Cross-Sectional Multigroup Comparative Study
by Giulio Emilio Brancati, Elena Costagli, Alessandro Froli, Samuele Gemignani, Anna Magnesa, Ginevra Palazzesi, Pierpaolo Medda, Elisa Schiavi and Giulio Perugi
Brain Sci. 2026, 16(4), 426; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci16040426 - 18 Apr 2026
Viewed by 824
Abstract
Background: The association between emotional dysregulation (ED) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been widely documented. However, a consensus has yet to be reached on how to conceptualize this domain within ADHD. Particularly, ADHD + ED may represent a distinct condition, a more [...] Read more.
Background: The association between emotional dysregulation (ED) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been widely documented. However, a consensus has yet to be reached on how to conceptualize this domain within ADHD. Particularly, ADHD + ED may represent a distinct condition, a more severe ADHD, or a comorbidity. We explored these three main hypotheses, investigating clinical differences between patients with ADHD, ADHD + ED, and ED. Methods: In total, 101 participants (ages 18–50) were recruited and divided into four groups: ADHD (N = 23), ED (N = 28), ADHD + ED (N = 27), and HC (N = 23). ADHD and ED were assessed using the Diagnostic Interview for ADHD in adults (DIVA-5) and the Wender–Reimherr Adult Attention Deficit Disorder Scale (WRAADDS). Sociodemographic and clinical variables were compared among the groups. Results: Participants with ADHD and ADHD + ED exhibited comparably high ADHD severity and executive dysfunction ratings. While participants with ADHD + ED shared elevated negative emotionality and higher rates of mood disorders and anxiety disorders with participants with ED compared with those with ADHD, they showed specifically increased developmental and disruptive comorbidities, as well as earlier onset and greater cyclicity of comorbid mood disorders. Psychosocial functional impairments were similarly elevated on average in ADHD + ED and ADHD, but ADHD + ED showed more pronounced and widespread deficits across multiple domains. Conclusions: ADHD + ED is unlikely to represent a more severe form of ADHD but may be more appropriately conceptualized as either a distinct entity or a “comorbid” phenotype. Comparisons with ED without ADHD highlighted clinical features specific to ADHD + ED, including a higher neurodevelopmental load, impulse-control disorders, and a poorer course of mood disorders. Full article
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