Neuroimaging and Biomarker-Guided Neuromodulation: Advances in Personalized Brain and Autonomic Stimulation

A special issue of Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Neurotechnology and Neuroimaging".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2025 | Viewed by 610

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
Interests: noninvasive brain stimulation; transcranial magnetic stimulation; electroencephalography; electromyography; transcranial electrical stimulation; neurophysiology; computational modeling; finite element analysis; functional magnetic resonance imaging; tDCS; tACS; TMS; fMRI; MRI; EEG; EMG

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Guest Editor
Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Neubiberg, Germany
Interests: cognitive neuroscience; non-invasive brain stimulation; transcranial magnetic stimulation; transcranial electric stimulation; EEG; TMS-EEG; tACS/tDCS/tRNS; TMS; optimization of nibs techniques for efficient neurostimulation; neuroplasticity; cognitive psychiatry; cognitive neurology; neurophysiology; neuroscience; human neuroscience

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Neuromodulation techniques, including brain stimulation and autonomic regulation, are advancing with neuroimaging, biomarkers, and AI-driven closed-loop systems. Traditional methods such as TMS, tDCS, tACS, DBS, and transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) are now refined with imaging and computational modeling, machine learning, and closed-loop controlto improve precision and personalization. Meanwhile, autonomic neuromodulation, including tVNS and HRV-based biofeedback, provides indirect pathways to influence brain function, stress regulation, and cognitive enhancement through adaptive and closed-loop mechanisms.

This Special Issue explores biomarker-driven and closed-loop neuromodulation, covering:

  • Neuroimaging-informed targeting and AI-driven adaptive stimulation
  • Multimodal approaches integrating brain and autonomic neuromodulation
  • Computational models for real-time stimulation optimization
  • Closed-loop neuromodulation and biomarker-guided feedback systems
  • Applications in neurological and psychiatric disorders
  • Multimodal techniques in healthy participants and clinical populations
  • Clinical trials with NIBS techniques utilizing computational and closed-loop strategies

By integrating brain stimulation, autonomic modulation, computational methods, and closed-loop control, this Special Issue aims to advance personalized neuromodulation strategies for clinical and translational applications.

Dr. Mohsen Mosayebi-Samani
Dr. Desmond Agboada
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • neuromodulation
  • brain stimulation
  • autonomic regulation
  • neuroimaging
  • biomarkers
  • AI-driven Closed-loop Systems
  • transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
  • transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)
  • transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS)
  • deep brain stimulation (DBS)
  • transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS)
  • vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS)
  • heart rate variability (HRV)
  • biofeedback
  • magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
  • electroencephalography (EEG)
  • functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)
  • epilepsy
  • depression
  • stroke
  • Alzheimer
  • PTSD
  • anxiety

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

12 pages, 869 KiB  
Article
Short-Term Observation of Heart Rate and Oxygen Saturation in Relation to Masticatory Muscle Activity in Temporomandibular Disorders
by Grzegorz Zieliński, Michał Ginszt, Marcin Wójcicki, Jacek Szkutnik, Monika Litko-Rola and Piotr Gawda
Brain Sci. 2025, 15(4), 361; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15040361 - 31 Mar 2025
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Abstract
(1) Background: The present study was designed to analyze the relationship between masticatory muscle activity, oxygen body saturation, and heart rate in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). (2) Methods: A total of 104 individuals with a painful form of TMDs were included in [...] Read more.
(1) Background: The present study was designed to analyze the relationship between masticatory muscle activity, oxygen body saturation, and heart rate in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). (2) Methods: A total of 104 individuals with a painful form of TMDs were included in the study, consisting of 72 women and 32 men, with an average age of 24 ± 3 years. The control group included 77 individuals, comprising 44 women and 33 men, with an average age of 24 ± 3 years. An electromyographic study was conducted at rest, focusing on the temporalis (TA) and masseter muscles, alongside an oxygen saturation and heart rate analysis using a pulse oximeter. (3) Results: Analysis of the correlations between oxygen saturation and the studied muscles revealed a positive correlation between the resting activity of the TA and oxygen saturation, with a small effect size in the TMDs group. This positive correlation suggests increased muscle oxygenation is associated with higher resting activity in TMDs patients. (4) Conclusions: This study indicates that oxygen body saturation is associated with increased resting activity in the temporalis muscles of individuals with TMDs. Increased muscle tension in TMDs patients may impact the metabolism of the temporalis muscle, leading to higher energy and oxygen demands. This could be linked to hypermetabolism and an increased energy burden in these muscles at rest. Full article
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