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Biomolecules
Special Issues
Phytohormones 2021
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Phytohormones 2021

A special issue of Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X). This special issue belongs to the section "Natural and Bio-inspired Molecules".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 20622

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Guzel Kudoyarova

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Ufa Institute of Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia
Interests: plant productivity; phytohormones; plant growth promoting bacteria; bacterial metabolites; plant-microorganism interaction
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The hormonal system plays a decisive role in the control of plant growth and development. Alongside classical plant hormones (auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid), hormonal function is now attributed to jasmonates, salicylic acid, and brassinosteroids. Plant hormones are capable of influencing vital processes, including plant growth and development, adaptation to environment, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and productivity. In accordance, plant hormones are attractive tools for biotechnology aimed at improving plant performance in accordance with human needs. Thus, synthesis of plant hormones by rhizosphere microorganisms is the base for their capacity to promote plant growth as well as for application of their preparations in crop production. Still, the success of the use of plant hormones depends on the knowledge of the mechanisms of their action. Advances in the study of plants hormones include discovery of their receptors and cascades of hormonal signal transduction, identification of their target genes and those controlling hormonal metabolism and signaling, revealing cross-talk between hormones and their interaction with calcium, reactive oxygen species, and nitrogen oxide signaling.

We invite investigators to contribute high-quality original research and review articles focused on the implication of plant hormones in plant growth and development, their adaptation to the environment and resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses (molecular, cellular, and whole plant aspects of the problems), cross-talk between plant hormones and their interaction with other signaling systems, and the importance of hormones for plant growth promotion by soil microorganisms.

Two previous Special Issues on Phytohormones already appeared in 2019 and 2020 (see: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/biomolecules/special_issues/biomolecules_phytohormones

https://www.mdpi.com/journal/biomolecules/special_issues/Phytohormones_2020 ), and many interesting articles were submitted, accepted, and published. Our team did its best to simplify and speed up the processing of articles, and the comments of our invited reviewers helped to improve their quality. Many of them were accepted for publication no later than a month after their initial submission. We will aim to provide the same level of service this time around.

Dr. Guzel Kudoyarova
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomolecules is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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27 pages, 3080 KiB  
Article
By Modulating the Hormonal Balance and Ribonuclease Activity of Tomato Plants Bacillus subtilis Induces Defense Response against Potato Virus X and Potato Virus Y
by Svetlana V. Veselova, Antonina V. Sorokan, Guzel F. Burkhanova, Sergey D. Rumyantsev, Ekaterina A. Cherepanova, Valentin Y. Alekseev, Elena R. Sarvarova, Albina R. Kasimova and Igor V. Maksimov
Biomolecules 2022, 12(2), 288; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12020288 - 10 Feb 2022
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 2836
Abstract
Endophytic plant-growth-promoting microorganisms can protect plants against pathogens, but they have rarely been investigated as potential biocontrol agents and triggers of induced systemic resistance (ISR), regulated by phytohormones, against viruses. We studied the role of endophytic strains Bacillus subtilis 26D and B. subtilis [...] Read more.
Endophytic plant-growth-promoting microorganisms can protect plants against pathogens, but they have rarely been investigated as potential biocontrol agents and triggers of induced systemic resistance (ISR), regulated by phytohormones, against viruses. We studied the role of endophytic strains Bacillus subtilis 26D and B. subtilis Ttl2, which secrete ribonucleases and phytohormones, in the induction of tomato plant resistance against potato virus X and potato virus Y in a greenhouse condition. The endophytes reduced the accumulation of viruses in plants, increased the activity of plant ribonucleases and recovered the fruit yield of infected tomato plants. Both the 26D and Ttl2 strains induced ISR by activating the transcription of genes related to salicylate- and jasmonate-dependent responses. The 26D and Ttl2 strains increased the content of cytokinins and decreased the level of indolacetic acid in plants infected with PVX or PVY. PVY led to an increase of the abscisic acid (ABA) content in tomato plants, and PVX had the opposite effect. Both strains reduced the ABA content in plants infected with PVY and induced ABA accumulation in plants infected with PVX, which led to an increase in the resistance of plants. This is the first report of the protection of tomato plants against viral diseases by foliar application of endophytes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phytohormones 2021)
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11 pages, 3317 KiB  
Article
Effects of Phytohormone-Producing Rhizobacteria on Casparian Band Formation, Ion Homeostasis and Salt Tolerance of Durum Wheat
by Elena Martynenko, Tatiana Arkhipova, Vera Safronova, Oksana Seldimirova, Ilshat Galin, Zarina Akhtyamova, Dmitry Veselov, Ruslan Ivanov and Guzel Kudoyarova
Biomolecules 2022, 12(2), 230; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12020230 - 29 Jan 2022
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 2695
Abstract
Inoculation with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria can increase plant salt resistance. We aimed to reveal bacterial effects on the formation of apoplastic barriers and hormone concentration in relation to maintaining ion homeostasis and growth of salt-stressed plants. The rhizosphere of a durum wheat variety [...] Read more.
Inoculation with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria can increase plant salt resistance. We aimed to reveal bacterial effects on the formation of apoplastic barriers and hormone concentration in relation to maintaining ion homeostasis and growth of salt-stressed plants. The rhizosphere of a durum wheat variety was inoculated with cytokinin-producing Bacillus subtilis and auxin-producing Pseudomonas mandelii strains. Plant growth, deposition of lignin and suberin and concentrations of sodium, potassium, phosphorus and hormones were studied in the plants exposed to salinity. Accumulation of sodium inhibited plant growth accompanied by a decline in potassium in roots and phosphorus in shoots of the salt-stressed plants. Inoculation with both bacterial strains resulted in faster appearance of Casparian bands in root endodermis and an increased growth of salt-stressed plants. B. subtilis prevented the decline in both potassium and phosphorus concentrations and increased concentration of cytokinins in salt-stressed plants. P. mandelii decreased the level of sodium accumulation and increased the concentration of auxin. Growth promotion was greater in plants inoculated with B. subtilis. Increased ion homeostasis may be related to the capacity of bacteria to accelerate the formation of Casparian bands preventing uncontrolled diffusion of solutes through the apoplast. We discuss the relative impacts of the decline in Na accumulation and maintenance of K and P content for growth improvement of salt-stressed plants and their possible relation to the changes in hormone concentration in plants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phytohormones 2021)
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14 pages, 2164 KiB  
Article
Cytokinin-Based Tissue Cultures for Stable Medicinal Plant Production: Regeneration and Phytochemical Profiling of Salvia bulleyana Shoots
by Izabela Grzegorczyk-Karolak, Katarzyna Hnatuszko-Konka, Marta Krzemińska, Monika A. Olszewska and Aleksandra Owczarek
Biomolecules 2021, 11(10), 1513; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11101513 - 14 Oct 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3075
Abstract
Salvia bulleyana is a rare Chinese medicinal plant that due to the presence of polyphenols lowers the risk of some chronic diseases especially those related to the cardiovascular system. The present study examines the organogenic competence of various combinations and concentrations of plant [...] Read more.
Salvia bulleyana is a rare Chinese medicinal plant that due to the presence of polyphenols lowers the risk of some chronic diseases especially those related to the cardiovascular system. The present study examines the organogenic competence of various combinations and concentrations of plant growth regulators to develop an efficient protocol for in vitro regeneration of S. bulleyana via leaf explants, maintaining the high production of active constituents. The purpose of the study was also to assess the possibilities of using a cytokinin-based regeneration to effectively produce therapeutic compounds. The adventitious shoot formation was observed through direct organogenesis on media with purine derivatives (meta-topolin, mT and benzylaminopurine, BAP), and through indirect organogenesis on media with urea derivatives (tidiazuron, TDZ and forchlorfenuron, CPPU). The highest regeneration frequency (95%) with 5.2 shoots per explant was obtained on leaves cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0.1 mg/L naphthalene-1-acetic acid (NAA) and 2 mg/L BAP. Following inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker-based profiling, the obtained organogenic shoot lines revealed a similar banding pattern to the mother line, with total variability of 4.2–13.7%, indicating high level of genetic stability. The similar genetic profile of the studied lines translated into similar growth parameters. Moreover, HPLC analysis revealed no qualitative differences in the profile of bioactive metabolites; also, the total polyphenol content was similar for different lines, with the exception of the shoots obtained in the presence of CPPU that produced higher level of bioactive compounds. This is the first report of an effective and rapid in vitro organogenesis protocol for S. bulleyana, which can be efficiently employed for obtaining stable cultures rich in bioactive metabolites. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phytohormones 2021)
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13 pages, 1811 KiB  
Article
Identification of the Active Ingredient and Beneficial Effects of Vitex rotundifolia Fruits on Menopausal Symptoms in Ovariectomized Rats
by Ji Hwan Lee, Sullim Lee, Quynh Nhu Nguyen, Hung Manh Phung, Myoung-Sook Shin, Jae-Yong Kim, Hyukjae Choi, Sang Hee Shim and Ki Sung Kang
Biomolecules 2021, 11(7), 1033; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11071033 - 16 Jul 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3988
Abstract
Estrogen replacement therapy is a treatment to relieve the symptoms of menopause. Many studies suggest that natural bioactive ingredients from plants resemble estrogen in structure and biological functions and can relieve symptoms of menopause. The fruit of V. rotundifolia, called “Man [...] Read more.
Estrogen replacement therapy is a treatment to relieve the symptoms of menopause. Many studies suggest that natural bioactive ingredients from plants resemble estrogen in structure and biological functions and can relieve symptoms of menopause. The fruit of V. rotundifolia, called “Man HyungJa” in Korean, is a traditional medicine used to treat headache, migraine, eye pain, neuralgia, and premenstrual syndrome in Korea and China. The aim of the present study was to confirm that V. rotundifolia fruit extract (VFE) exerts biological functions similar to those of estrogen in menopausal syndrome. We investigated its in vitro effects on MCF-7 cells and in vivo estrogen-like effects on weight gain and uterine contraction in ovariectomized rats. Using the polar extract, the active constituents of VFE (artemetin, vitexicarpin, hesperidin, luteolin, vitexin, and vanillic acid) with estrogen-like activity were identified in MCF-7 cells. In animal experiments, the efficacy of VFE in ameliorating body weight gain was similar to that of estrogen, as evidenced from improvements in uterine atrophy. Vitexin and vitexicarpin are suggested as the active constituents of V. rotundifolia fruits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phytohormones 2021)
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19 pages, 3841 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Far-Red Light Supplementation on Hormonal Responses to Cold Acclimation in Barley
by Mohamed Ahres, Tamás Pálmai, Krisztián Gierczik, Petre Dobrev, Radomíra Vanková and Gábor Galiba
Biomolecules 2021, 11(3), 450; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11030450 - 17 Mar 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2943
Abstract
Cold acclimation, the necessary prerequisite for promotion of freezing tolerance, is affected by both low temperature and enhanced far-red/red light (FR/R) ratio. The impact of FR supplementation to white light, created by artificial LED light sources, on the hormone levels, metabolism, and expression [...] Read more.
Cold acclimation, the necessary prerequisite for promotion of freezing tolerance, is affected by both low temperature and enhanced far-red/red light (FR/R) ratio. The impact of FR supplementation to white light, created by artificial LED light sources, on the hormone levels, metabolism, and expression of the key hormone metabolism-related genes was determined in winter barley at moderate (15 °C) and low (5 °C) temperature. FR-enhanced freezing tolerance at 15 °C was associated with promotion of abscisic acid (ABA) levels, and accompanied by a moderate increase in indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and cis-zeatin levels. The most prominent impact on the plants’ freezing tolerance was found after FR pre-treatment at 15 °C (for 10 days) followed by cold treatment at FR supplementation (7 days). The response of ABA was diminished in comparison with white light treatment, probably due to the elevation of stress tolerance during FR pre-treatment. Jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) were transiently reduced. When the plants were exposed directly to a combination of cold (5 °C) and FR supplementation, ABA increase was higher than in white light, and was associated with enhanced elevation of JA and, in the longer term (after 7 days), with IAA and cis-zeatin increase, which indicates a stronger stress response and better acclimation. Cold hardening was more efficient when FR light was applied in the early developmental stage of the barley plants (three-leaf stage, 18 days), rather than in later stages (28-days). The dynamics of the phytohormone changes are well supported by the expression profiles of the key hormone metabolism-related genes. This series of treatments serves as evidence for the close relationship between plant hormones, light quality, and low temperature at the beginning of cold acclimation. Besides the timing of the FR treatments, plant age also represents a key factor during light spectrum-dependent cold acclimation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phytohormones 2021)
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Review

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24 pages, 2780 KiB  
Review
Harmony but Not Uniformity: Role of Strigolactone in Plants
by Naveed Ur Rehman, Xi Li, Peichun Zeng, Shaoying Guo, Saad Jan, Yunfeng Liu, Yifeng Huang and Qingjun Xie
Biomolecules 2021, 11(11), 1616; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11111616 - 01 Nov 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3254
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) represent an important new plant hormone class marked by their multifunctional roles in plants and rhizosphere interactions, which stimulate hyphal branching in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and seed germination of root parasitic plants. SLs have been broadly implicated in regulating root [...] Read more.
Strigolactones (SLs) represent an important new plant hormone class marked by their multifunctional roles in plants and rhizosphere interactions, which stimulate hyphal branching in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and seed germination of root parasitic plants. SLs have been broadly implicated in regulating root growth, shoot architecture, leaf senescence, nodulation, and legume–symbionts interaction, as well as a response to various external stimuli, such as abiotic and biotic stresses. These functional properties of SLs enable the genetic engineering of crop plants to improve crop yield and productivity. In this review, the conservation and divergence of SL pathways and its biological processes in multiple plant species have been extensively discussed with a particular emphasis on its interactions with other different phytohormones. These interactions may shed further light on the regulatory networks underlying plant growth, development, and stress responses, ultimately providing certain strategies for promoting crop yield and productivity with the challenges of global climate and environmental changes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phytohormones 2021)
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