Biomaterial Innovations for Tissue Engineering and Regeneration

A special issue of Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X). This special issue belongs to the section "Bio-Engineered Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 July 2026 | Viewed by 3929

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
Interests: biomaterials; tissue engineering; drug release systems; bone and cartilage regeneration; cell differentiation; 3D bioprinting
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is with great pleasure we invite you to contribute a research article or review to this Special Issue entitled ‘Biomaterial Innovations for Tissue Engineering and Regeneration’, which is anticipated to include topics on advancements in biomaterials’ rational design, synthesis, modification, characterization, and processing, and their utilization in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

Innovative biofunctional and biomimetic biomaterials present efficient platforms that support specific biological responses towards tissue repair and regeneration. The field of instructive, smart, responsive, and intelligent biomaterials is evolving as an emerging research area. The field aims to navigate complex, multifaceted physicochemical, mechanical, and biological cues in vitro and in vivo, frequently under mechanical, electrical, and magnetic stimulation. Biomaterials of natural and synthetic origin, as well as hybrids and composites, are developed and processed via cutting-edge technologies including 3D printing, bioprinting, electrospinning, and electrowriting to biofabricate favorable structures for regeneration-competent cells and biomolecules as tissue analogs or implantable grafts, eventually enabling tissue and organ regeneration.

In this view, this Special Issue aims to offer deep insights into the significance of biomaterials as essential components driving progress in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. We invite your valuable contributions to this multidisciplinary communication platform to enrich this exciting field.

Prof. Dr. Maria Chatzinikolaidou
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • biomaterials
  • tissue engineering
  • regenerative medicine
  • cellular responses
  • 3D pathophysiological tissue models

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 5328 KB  
Article
Hexagonal-to-Monoclinic Phase-Modulated HAp Nanofibers for Enhanced Piezoelectric and Biocompatible Performance
by Karime Carrera-Gutiérrez, Estefania Venegas-Contreras, Miguel Márquez-Torres, Marco Antonio Ruiz-Esparza-Rodríguez, Yasmin Esqueda-Barrón, Roberto Gomez-Batres, Irene Leal-Berumen, Jorge Noé Díaz de León, Juan José Gervacio-Arciniega, Guillermo Herrera-Pérez, Victor Manuel Orozco-Carmona and Gabriel Rojas-George
Biomolecules 2026, 16(3), 385; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom16030385 - 4 Mar 2026
Viewed by 1736
Abstract
In the present manuscript, the influence of reaction time on the hexagonal-to-monoclinic phase transition in hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanofibers synthesized via a low-temperature modified hydrothermal method at 100 °C is investigated. The resulting nanofibers were highly crystalline and stoichiometric, with a Ca/P ratio of [...] Read more.
In the present manuscript, the influence of reaction time on the hexagonal-to-monoclinic phase transition in hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanofibers synthesized via a low-temperature modified hydrothermal method at 100 °C is investigated. The resulting nanofibers were highly crystalline and stoichiometric, with a Ca/P ratio of approximately 1.67. Comprehensive structural and functional characterization, combining X-ray diffraction with Rietveld refinement, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and resonance-tracking piezoresponse force microscopy (RT-PFM), was employed to elucidate the role of the non-centrosymmetric monoclinic P21/b phase in governing HAp’s structural and piezoelectric properties. The analyses indicated a time-dependent phase evolution from hexagonal (P63/m) to monoclinic (P21/b), with exclusive formation of the hexagonal phase at 6 h and a clearly dominant monoclinic fraction (73.56%) after 24 h. Nanofibers synthesized for 48 h comprised approximately 98% monoclinic HAp and exhibited elongated morphologies with an average length of 354.82 nm and diameter of 45 nm. RT-PFM measurements confirmed a pronounced piezoelectric response associated with the monoclinic phase, yielding an effective piezoelectric coefficient (deff) of 19.85 pm/V. In vitro MTT assays demonstrated that the high monoclinic content did not compromise biocompatibility, as cell viability and cytotoxicity met the requirements of ISO 10993 and ASTM F895 standards. These findings offer new insights into how monoclinic ordering governs the piezoelectric behavior of HAp and suggest a promising strategy for enhancing its performance in biomedical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterial Innovations for Tissue Engineering and Regeneration)
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24 pages, 10764 KB  
Article
Effect of Sulfated Polysaccharides and Laponite in Composite Porous Scaffolds on Osteogenesis
by Angelina Karamesouti and Maria Chatzinikolaidou
Biomolecules 2026, 16(1), 80; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom16010080 - 3 Jan 2026
Viewed by 1711
Abstract
The design of biomaterial scaffolds for bone tissue engineering requires a balance between bioactivity, porosity, mechanical stability, and osteoinductivity. Kappa- (KC) and iota-carrageenan (IC) have been explored for scaffold fabrication due to their biocompatibility and structural similarity to glycosaminoglycans. However, there are limited [...] Read more.
The design of biomaterial scaffolds for bone tissue engineering requires a balance between bioactivity, porosity, mechanical stability, and osteoinductivity. Kappa- (KC) and iota-carrageenan (IC) have been explored for scaffold fabrication due to their biocompatibility and structural similarity to glycosaminoglycans. However, there are limited reports on how their distinct sulfation degree affects the osteogenic differentiation of cells cultured on them. While laponite has been reported as an osteoinductive nanoclay, its combined effect with different carrageenan types and its concentration-dependent effect on scaffold functionality remain unexplored. Therefore, we developed composite scaffolds comprising poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and gelatin (GEL), reinforced with kappa- or iota-carrageenan (KC, IC) and functionalized with two different concentrations of laponite (LAP), 0.5 and 1% w/v, to monitor composition-structure-function relationships. The scaffolds were fabricated via lyophilization and dual crosslinking, and characterized for their physicochemical, structural, mechanical, and biological properties. The incorporation of both carrageenans into scaffolds, maintained high swelling ratios of 600% after 24 h, and increased porosity without altering their apparent density (0.09–0.11 g/cm3), whereas LAP preserved interconnectivity, densified pore walls, raised their compressive modulus at >220 kPa, and improved stability (>60% mass retained after 40 days). In vitro validation using MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblastic cells demonstrated robust cytocompatibility, with the LAP-containing scaffolds significantly promoting cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation, evidenced by elevated alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium production and collagen secretion. Direct comparison between KC and IC scaffolds confirmed that differences in sulfate substitution modulated scaffold stiffness, swelling, and degradation, while variation in LAP concentration affected the biological response, with the 0.5 wt% concentration favoring early cell proliferation, whereas the 1 wt% significantly promoted the osteogenic differentiation. This compositional strategy demonstrates how tuning the interplay between carrageenan and laponite can balance scaffold hydration, mechanical and biological properties, thereby guiding the design of scaffolds for bone repair. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterial Innovations for Tissue Engineering and Regeneration)
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