3D Printed and Biofabricated Bone Biomaterials: Enhancing Bone Repair and Regeneration

A special issue of Journal of Functional Biomaterials (ISSN 2079-4983). This special issue belongs to the section "Bone Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2026 | Viewed by 1061

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. Research Center E. Piaggio, University of Pisa, 56125 Pisa, Italy
2. Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, 56125 Pisa, Italy
Interests: tissue engineering; biofabrication; 3D printing; biomaterials; scaffolds; bone in vitro models

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Guest Editor
Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Interests: medical devices; additive manufacturing; biofabrication; biomaterials; tissue engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
Interests: biomaterials; tissue engineering; drug release systems; bone and cartilage regeneration; cell differentiation; 3D bioprinting
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Bone is a dynamic, highly vascularized tissue with a strong capacity for self-regeneration. However, when defects exceed a critical size, such as those caused by trauma, congenital malformations, infection, surgery, or metabolic disease, bone cannot heal spontaneously. Due to the rising aging populations, obesity, and physical inactivity, the incidence of bone disorders and fractures is expected to increase. Over recent decades, bone tissue engineering has offered innovative solutions, with 3D printing emerging as a powerful approach for fabricating scaffolds that support healing and enhance new tissue formation. In this context, biomaterial choice, scaffold architecture (micro- and nano-structural features), incorporation of bioactive molecules, and integration of living cells are critical design factors. Despite substantial advances, major challenges remain in promoting the formation of functional, vascularized bone tissue and translating laboratory success into clinical practice. This Special Issue, “3D Printed and Biofabricated Bone Biomaterials: Enhancing Bone Repair and Regeneration,” invites original research articles and reviews focused on the design and development of bone scaffolds, 3D printed with novel biomaterials. Topics of interest include biomaterial formulation and printability, scaffold design and fabrication, structural and mechanical characterization, biological performance in vitro and in vivo, and translational or clinical perspectives.

Dr. Elisa Batoni
Dr. Carmelo De Maria
Prof. Dr. Maria Chatzinikolaidou
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • biomaterials
  • bone scaffolds
  • 3D printing
  • additive manufacturing
  • bone tissue engineering
  • bone regeneration
  • biocompatibility

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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20 pages, 1164 KB  
Systematic Review
Vascularization and Bone Regeneration with 3D-Printed Composite Scaffolds in Rodent Critical-Size Calvarial Defects: Systematic Review
by Milda Vitosyte, Melanie Tesing, Sarlota Galinauskaite, Vygandas Rutkunas and Ieva Gendviliene
J. Funct. Biomater. 2026, 17(3), 115; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb17030115 - 27 Feb 2026
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Abstract
Rapid vascularization is essential for bone regeneration in oral and maxillofacial surgery. This systematic review synthesised in vivo evidence on 3D-printed composite scaffolds in rodent critical-size calvarial defects quantified by Microfil perfusion and micro-CT. “Composite” was defined as an organic–inorganic construct within the [...] Read more.
Rapid vascularization is essential for bone regeneration in oral and maxillofacial surgery. This systematic review synthesised in vivo evidence on 3D-printed composite scaffolds in rodent critical-size calvarial defects quantified by Microfil perfusion and micro-CT. “Composite” was defined as an organic–inorganic construct within the printed scaffold (not a single-phase scaffold with a surface coating). PubMed, MEDLINE, and Web of Science Core Collection were searched for studies published from January 2014 to December 2025. Eligible studies compared composite scaffolds with non-composite (single-phase) scaffolds and/or empty controls and reported vascular outcomes (vessel number, vascularized area) together with bone outcomes (new bone area, bone volume fraction [BV/TV], and bone mineral density). Ten studies met the inclusion criteria. In outcome-specific exploratory analyses, composite scaffolds were associated with higher new bone area than comparators (p = 0.031). Functional modifications were associated with higher vascularized area (p = 0.025) and higher new bone area (p = 0.038), while dual-factor modifications showed the largest gain in new bone area (p = 0.002). Pore sizes ≥ 400 μm were associated with higher BV/TV (p = 0.029). Heterogeneity in designs, follow-up, and reporting, together with small sample sizes, precluded meta-analysis. Composite scaffolds appear promising, but standardised methodologies and improved reporting are needed to define optimal design features and support translation. Full article
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