Paper Collection: Understanding Immune Systems

A special issue of Biology (ISSN 2079-7737). This special issue belongs to the section "Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2026 | Viewed by 425

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. School of Life and Medical Sciences, Biosciences Research Group, Extracellular Vesicle Research Unit, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
2. School of Human Sciences, Cell Communication in Disease Pathology, London Metropolitan University, 166-220 Holloway Road, London N7 8DB, UK
Interests: immunology; extracellular vesicles; complement system; infectious disease; host-pathogen interactions; vaccinology; virology; microbiology; cancer; intercellular communication; disease mechanisms; biomedicine
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue aims to collect the state-of-the-art primary research studies, reports, and review articles from international experts and diverse leading groups in the immunology research field. The immune system has multifaceted roles in health and disease, including in developmental processes, during the lifespan, in tissue homeostasis, in evolutionary biology, in host–pathogen interactions and infection, and as a double-edged sword in inflammatory and chronic pathologies. Understanding Immune Systems invites research contributions that further the current understanding in immunology, including from in vitro and in vivo human and comparative animal models.

Prof. Dr. Sigrun Lange
Prof. Dr. Jameel M. Inal
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • immune mechanisms
  • evolutionary immunology
  • comparative immunology
  • innate immunity
  • adaptive immunity
  • autoimmunity
  • chronic inflammation
  • immune ageing
  • host–pathogen interactions
  • vaccinology
  • regenerative medicine

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

13 pages, 4680 KB  
Article
Gestation Regulates Growth Hormone and Its Receptor Expression in Sheep Immune Organs
by Zhouyuan Li, Xiaoxin Ma, Ziwang Du, Jingjing Li, Leying Zhang and Ling Yang
Biology 2025, 14(10), 1318; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14101318 - 24 Sep 2025
Abstract
There are multiple adaptations in maternal physiology, hormones, and immunology during pregnancy. Growth hormone (GH) is not only produced by the pituitary but also secreted by extra-pituitary tissues. In this study, 24 ewes were randomly divided into four groups and mated with either [...] Read more.
There are multiple adaptations in maternal physiology, hormones, and immunology during pregnancy. Growth hormone (GH) is not only produced by the pituitary but also secreted by extra-pituitary tissues. In this study, 24 ewes were randomly divided into four groups and mated with either adult intact rams (pregnant ewes) or a vasectomized ram (nonpregnant ewes), and maternal thymus, lymph node, spleen, and liver were harvested at day 16 of nongestation and at days 13, 16, and 25 of gestation. The specified primers for GH and GH receptor (GHR) were utilized to analyze mRNA expression of GH and GHR using quantitative real-time PCR. Specified anti-GH1 antibody and anti-GHR antibody were used to detect protein expression of GH and GHR using Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis. The results revealed that there were increases in GH and GHR in the maternal spleen, GH in the liver, and GHR in the thymus and lymph nodes, but a downregulation of GH in lymph nodes during early gestation. In addition, early gestation affected GH expression in the thymus and GHR in the liver. In conclusion, it is reported for the first time that early gestation modulates GH and GHR expression in these maternal organs in a tissue-specific manner, which may regulate the function of these immune organs in ewes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Paper Collection: Understanding Immune Systems)
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