The Role of Art Therapy in the Promotion of Mental, Physical Health, and Well-Being

A Special Issue of Behavioral Sciences (ISSN 2076-328X) belonging to the section "Health Psychology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2026 | Viewed by 3706

Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Education, Roma Tre University, 00154 Roma, Italy
Interests: psychology of the arts; visual perception; environmental psychology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Art therapy encompasses the use of diverse expressive modalities, commonly identified—perhaps not entirely accurately, but effectively—with the term “arts,” such as painting, sculpture, music, dance, theatre, and creative writing. These are aimed at fostering self-awareness and supporting human flourishing, psychological, and physical well-being. Central to these practices is the ability to enable individuals to access and elaborate their internal experiences through symbolic, verbal, and non-verbal forms of communication.

The process of shaping materials, using form, colour, music, movements, or employing other expressive means, activates intrinsic personal resources and facilitates contact with one’s inner world. For many individuals, reflecting upon a drawing, a musical piece, or a dance movement may prove more accessible and easier than speaking directly about oneself. In this sense, art serves as a mediating tool that allows for meaning to be attributed to subjective experience when verbal language is limited or insufficient.

Art therapy may be conceptualized as the process of giving form to what is otherwise formless. This transformation is enabled by an appropriate setting, which includes both the context and the relational dynamics within the group. A growing field of research involves investigating the therapeutic impact of engaging with visual art—especially in museums and cultural contexts. Several studies indicate that viewing and talking about art can enhance well-being at emotional, social, behavioural, and physiological levels. Artwork can function as reflective surface in which individuals recognize aspects of themselves, thereby promoting processes of self-awareness. The mechanisms underlying these benefits appear to include cognitive activation, aesthetic pleasure, critical thinking, emotional resonance, and opportunities for social sharing and inclusion.

Given this background, we welcome empirical and theoretical contributions on how different forms of art—visual arts, music, dance, theatre, literature, photography, cinema, and others—can promote mental, physical health, and well-being. Given the need for robust scientific evidence, we particularly encourage studies that rigorously examine the mechanisms and effectiveness of art-based interventions in clinical and non-clinical settings.

Prof. Dr. Stefano Mastandrea
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • art therapy
  • visual art, music, and other forms of art
  • human flourishing and well-being
  • emotional resonance and self-awareness
  • aesthetic pleasure
  • effectiveness of art-based interventions

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 711 KB  
Article
Reliability and Validity of the Chinese Version of the ERS-ACA Scale Among Chinese College Students
by Xiyue Yu, Xinyu Luo, Sina Zhang, Qingfei Chen and Jialin Fan
Behav. Sci. 2026, 16(9), 1661; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs16091661 - 16 Sep 2026
Viewed by 79
Abstract
Chinese university students face academic, employment, and interpersonal pressures that may increase their vulnerability to anxiety and depression. Artistic creative activities (ACAs) provide contexts in which individuals may regulate emotions, but the strategies used during these activities require appropriate measurement. A previous Chinese [...] Read more.
Chinese university students face academic, employment, and interpersonal pressures that may increase their vulnerability to anxiety and depression. Artistic creative activities (ACAs) provide contexts in which individuals may regulate emotions, but the strategies used during these activities require appropriate measurement. A previous Chinese adaptation of the Emotion Regulation Strategies for Artistic Creative Activities (ERS-ACA) Scale was validated among art and design majors and omitted one item. The present study evaluated the psychometric properties of the original 18-item Chinese ERS-ACA in 885 university students from multiple academic disciplines. Participants completed the ERS-ACA, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), and the Student Well-Being Process Questionnaire (Student-WPQ). Confirmatory factor analysis supported the original three-factor structure. Internal consistency was satisfactory for the total score (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.903) and the three subscales (alpha = 0.796–0.814). The three ERS-ACA dimensions were positively associated with cognitive reappraisal, positive well-being, and positive personality, whereas their associations with expressive suppression were small or non-significant. These findings support the structural validity, criterion-related validity, and internal consistency of the 18-item Chinese ERS-ACA in the present university student sample. Further validation in other populations is warranted. Full article
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16 pages, 659 KB  
Article
The Effects of Expressive Arts Therapy on Emotion Regulation and Aggression in Violent Offenders: A Randomized Controlled Trial
by Zhijie Xu, Xixi Ou and Jialin Fan
Behav. Sci. 2026, 16(8), 1366; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs16081366 - 10 Aug 2026
Viewed by 399
Abstract
Violent crime is a widely recognized public health concern. According to emotion regulation theory, aggressive behavior in violent offenders is linked to maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. However, few studies have explored interventions targeting emotional factors to reduce aggression in this population. Expressive arts [...] Read more.
Violent crime is a widely recognized public health concern. According to emotion regulation theory, aggressive behavior in violent offenders is linked to maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. However, few studies have explored interventions targeting emotional factors to reduce aggression in this population. Expressive arts therapy (EAT), which facilitates emotional expression and release, has shown therapeutic potential, but its effectiveness for violent offenders remains understudied. This randomized controlled trial examined the effects of an 8-week EAT program on emotion regulation and aggressive behavior in male violent offenders from a prison in China. Participants were assigned to either the intervention group (n = 31) or the control group (n = 34). Outcomes were assessed using cognitive reappraisal tasks, the Implicit Association Test, visual analogue mood scales, and the Emotion Regulation Strategies for Artistic Creative Activities Scale. Key findings revealed that, after 4 weeks of intervention, the experimental group demonstrated significantly improved cognitive reappraisal abilities and weakened “violence-positive” implicit associations, suggesting that enhanced cognitive reappraisal may be one key mechanism through which EAT operates. These results suggest that EAT effectively fosters positive psychological resources (i.e., cognitive reappraisal) and promotes non-violent implicit attitudes among violent offenders. This study provides initial quantitative evidence for EAT as a promising intervention for reducing aggression-related cognitive and implicit processes. Future research should further investigate its long-term effects and underlying mechanisms. Full article
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11 pages, 743 KB  
Article
Effects of Dante’s Poetry on Emotional Arousal of Healthy Subjects and Patients with Spinal Cord Injury: A Pilot Study
by Claudia Salera, Maria Teresa Perrotta, Franco Marinozzi, Liliana Baleca, Maria Pia Lucia, Paola Coiro, Giada Serratore, Federica Tamburella and Marco Iosa
Behav. Sci. 2026, 16(8), 1323; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs16081323 - 3 Aug 2026
Viewed by 348
Abstract
Previous studies have investigated the effects of Dante’s poetry on emotional arousal and cognitive workload in healthy participants by comparing excerpts from the Inferno and Paradiso of the Divina Commedia. In this pilot study, conducted in a hospital setting, we measured electrodermal [...] Read more.
Previous studies have investigated the effects of Dante’s poetry on emotional arousal and cognitive workload in healthy participants by comparing excerpts from the Inferno and Paradiso of the Divina Commedia. In this pilot study, conducted in a hospital setting, we measured electrodermal activity, an index of emotional arousal, in healthy subjects and neurological patients with spinal cord injury while they listened to four different audio recordings: Dante’s Inferno, Dante’s Paradiso, Machiavelli’s Il Principe, and a newspaper article about the anniversary of Dante’s death. We found significantly higher emotional arousal in both healthy subjects and patients when listening to Dante’s Paradiso, than when listening to Machiavelli’s Il Principe or the newspaper article. In contrast, no significant difference emerged between the Paradiso and the Inferno. These findings were supported by higher scores assigned to Dante’s recordings on the Beauty Assessment Scale. In this explicit assessment, participants preferred Dante’s Inferno. Finally, the results showed a reduction in negative affect after the entire task. In conclusion, the electrodermal activity results, combined with the explicit aesthetic scores in this pilot study, suggest that Dante’s poetry may enhance emotional arousal in hospital workers, caregivers, and patients hospitalized for rehabilitation. Full article
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20 pages, 11139 KB  
Article
A Study on the Intervention Effect of the Creative Problem Solving (CPS) Model in Serious Games for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
by Huili She, Tianyang Xu, Ruhao Liu, Wenting Jiang, Ruting Shen and Huibo Xu
Behav. Sci. 2026, 16(7), 1214; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs16071214 - 17 Jul 2026
Viewed by 433
Abstract
Serious games are increasingly used as supportive tools in interventions for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, many existing game-based interventions are not clearly grounded in established educational or therapeutic models, which may limit their consistency and overall effectiveness, as behavioural science [...] Read more.
Serious games are increasingly used as supportive tools in interventions for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, many existing game-based interventions are not clearly grounded in established educational or therapeutic models, which may limit their consistency and overall effectiveness, as behavioural science posits that intervention efficacy is closely tied to alignment with evidence-based principles of behavioural shaping and contingent reinforcement. In response, this study introduces the Creative Problem Solving (CPS) model into serious game design and proposes a more structured digital intervention approach that connects game mechanics with intervention theory, a design logic that aligns with behavioural science tenets of scaffolded skill building and incremental goal setting to foster sustainable behavioural change in neurodiverse children. In September 2024, 48 children with mild-to-moderate ASD were recruited from local special education schools. Based on their behavioural characteristics, a series of customised serious games was developed using CPS as the guiding framework. To examine the impact of this model, a 12-week intervention experiment was carried out between March and June 2025. Participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group or a control group. The findings showed that children in the experimental group improved more than those in the control group in four areas: language communication, social interaction, sensory processing, and health-related behaviours. Improvements in language and social performance were especially noticeable. Observational data also suggested that children in the experimental group became more willing to cooperate and participate as the intervention progressed, while non-engaged behaviours decreased considerably during the later stages. Overall, the results indicate that incorporating structured educational models such as CPS into serious game design may help enhance the stability and effectiveness of digital interventions for children with ASD. This study also provides practical evidence for developing more targeted serious games for this population. Full article
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14 pages, 983 KB  
Article
The Effects of Traditional Chinese Music and Western Classical Music on Mental Fatigue Induced by Cognitive Tasks
by Shuyue Tan, Ruxin Li, Leyi Zhang and Jialin Fan
Behav. Sci. 2026, 16(2), 277; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs16020277 - 14 Feb 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1221
Abstract
Mental fatigue refers to subjective feelings ranging from tiredness to exhaustion that appear after or during prolonged periods of cognitive activity. Music could be a powerful tool for relieving mental fatigue due to its beneficial effects on attention, which tend to decline when [...] Read more.
Mental fatigue refers to subjective feelings ranging from tiredness to exhaustion that appear after or during prolonged periods of cognitive activity. Music could be a powerful tool for relieving mental fatigue due to its beneficial effects on attention, which tend to decline when mental fatigue occurs. Moreover, traditional Chinese music is usually neglected and rarely used in music intervention studies, although its potential has been mentioned in China’s domestic journals. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of traditional Chinese music and Western classical music on laboratory-induced mental fatigue. Three groups of Chinese non-psychology undergraduate students were assessed in terms of alertness, hedonic tone, and overall fatigue via a pre/post-intervention diary, a visual analogue mood scale, and the psychomotor vigilance test. The results showed that both traditional Chinese music and Western classical music mitigated fatigue-related declines in alertness and hedonic tone, and produced shorter reaction times, although there was no significant difference between the effects of the types of music. Full article
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