Atomic Processes and Their Role in Astrophysical Phenomena

A special issue of Atoms (ISSN 2218-2004).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2026 | Viewed by 1252

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP), University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
Interests: spectroscopy; astrophysics; stars; atomic physics; line broadening

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Our understanding of the Universe depends strongly on our knowledge of and ability to interpret astrophysical spectra. The light we observe from astrophysical objects contains information about their fundamental physical properties, such as their radial velocity, temperature, rotation, gravity, magnetic fields, and composition. Extracting this information requires detailed atomic theory, which accurately predicts how both structure and emergent flux are influenced by a wide range of quantum atomic processes. The impact of atomic physics can propagate out and affect large-scale astrophysics.

This Special Issue explores how atomic physics is important to conducting astrophysics research and examines current challenges at the intersection of these two fields. One of the most important quantities generated by atomic processes that is used in astrophysics is opacity. This Special Issue aims to include opacity and its effects on radiation and energy transport, line broadening as diagnostics, how the astrophysical environment modifies atomic structure, populations, and spectra, and how improved atomic data (energy levels and oscillator strengths) becomes essential for detailed spectral analysis. In addition to current research, topical reviews and tutorials will be welcome.

Dr. Thomas Gomez
Guest Editor

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Keywords

Astrophysics;

Stars;

Planets;

Opacity;

Radiation;

Atomic structure;

Atomic spectroscopy;

Light–matter interactions;

Atomic collisions;

Line broadening.

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

20 pages, 1083 KB  
Review
Application of Atomic Models to Determine Elemental Abundances in Stars in the Non-LTE Approximation: Neutral Potassium and Copper
by Sergei M. Andrievsky and Sergey A. Korotin
Atoms 2026, 14(3), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms14030016 - 4 Mar 2026
Viewed by 723
Abstract
In this paper, we discuss the atomic models developed for the non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) analysis of the spectra of two odd-Z chemical elements, the little-studied potassium and copper, whose nuclei are often thought to form in Cosmos through different astrophysical processes. The [...] Read more.
In this paper, we discuss the atomic models developed for the non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) analysis of the spectra of two odd-Z chemical elements, the little-studied potassium and copper, whose nuclei are often thought to form in Cosmos through different astrophysical processes. The K I and Cu I atomic models have been developed and updated over the past decade and applied to determine non-LTE abundances of these elements in the hot and cool dwarfs, giants, and supergiants of different metallicities, from solar to extremely low metallicity. The abundances of potassium and copper in old metal-poor halo stars are of considerable interest because these objects bear the imprints of nucleosynthesis in Type II supernovae and hypernovae in the early Galaxy. The vast majority of the studies of the spectra of these atoms have been based on the assumption of LTE. In some cases, this approach has led to incorrect results, which have sometimes affected our understanding of evolutionary processes in stars and stellar systems. The main objective of this article is to highlight the importance of using the non-LTE stellar abundance data to improve or modify existing theoretical models of cosmic chemical evolution. In particular, significantly different results for the copper abundance in old Galactic stars were obtained compared to LTE data. This finding could inspire specialists working in the field of chemodynamic models to search for realistic pathways for the formation of this element in massive stars. Despite this, since the first non-LTE results on the copper abundance in the oldest Galactic stars, LTE data remained in use for several years. This situation seriously hinders progress in research into some certain aspects of cosmic nucleosynthesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atomic Processes and Their Role in Astrophysical Phenomena)
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