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4.1
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Journals
Atmosphere
Special Issues
Monitoring and Evaluation of Drought in Arid Areas
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Monitoring and Evaluation of Drought in Arid Areas

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosphere/Hydrosphere/Land–Atmosphere Interactions".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 March 2024) | Viewed by 9190

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yang Yu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
Interests: climate change; eco-hydrological modeling; evapotranspiration; drought; land degradation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Xin Gao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
Interests: wind-blow sand physics; aeolian geomorphology; desertification combating
Dr. Na Zhou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
Interests: desertification combating; depositional environment; wind-blow sand disaster
Dr. Zhijie Ta

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Tourism & Research Institute of Human Geography, Xi’an International Studies University, Xi’an 710128, China
Interests: drought events; drought risk; risk assessment of meteorological disasters; extreme climate events

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Drought is a meteorological disaster and has plagued agricultural and industrial production for a long time. It is estimated that the annual global economic loss caused by drought is as high as 6 ~ 8 billion US dollars. Ecosystems in arid regions are generally characterized by water scarcity, which may be more vulnerable to even slight drought changes. The impact triggered by the aforementioned causes concerns the sustainable development of both society and the environment arid regions. Thus, timely monitoring and evaluation of drought in arid areas are very helpful for risk management.

The aim of this Special Issue is to showcase the most recent findings related to drought process, desertification process, aeolian process, dust transport and deposition process, etc. We welcome submissions focusing on ground observation and remote sensing measurements and numerical simulation for drought (caused by drought) disasters, including, but not limited to:

  • Drought monitoring and drought risk assessment;
  • Agricultural and hydrological drought;
  • Desertification index development and applications;
  • Drought impacts or effects on aeolian process;
  • Regional/global transport and deposition of dust under drought conditions;
  • Drought (caused by drought) disaster prevention and policy formulation.

We are especially interested in the research of drought (caused by drought) disaster mechanisms and process under global climate change.

Dr. Yang Yu
Dr. Xin Gao
Dr. Na Zhou
Dr. Zhijie Ta
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • drought monitoring
  • doughty risk
  • desertification
  • climate change
  • drought disaster
  • dust emission
  • aeolian landform
  • land degradation
  • precipitation
  • evapotranspiration

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 3388 KiB  
Article
Changes in the Spatiotemporal of Net Primary Productivity in the Conventional Lake Chad Basin between 2001 and 2020 Based on CASA Model
by Shilin Fu, Yiqi Zhou, Jiaqiang Lei and Na Zhou
Atmosphere 2023, 14(2), 232; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14020232 - 24 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1367
Abstract
Accurate estimation of vegetation Net Primary Productivity (NPP) has important theoretical and practical significance for ecological environment governance, carbon cycle research, and the rational development and utilization of natural resources. In this study, the spatial characteristics, temporal changes, and driving factors of NPP [...] Read more.
Accurate estimation of vegetation Net Primary Productivity (NPP) has important theoretical and practical significance for ecological environment governance, carbon cycle research, and the rational development and utilization of natural resources. In this study, the spatial characteristics, temporal changes, and driving factors of NPP in the Conventional Lake Chad Basin (CLCB) were based on MODIS data by constructing a Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach (CASA) model and using a combination of Residual trends (RESTREND) and correlation analysis. The results showed that from 2001 to 2020, the NPP of the CLCB decreased annually (1.14 g C/m2), mainly because of overgrazing, deforestation, and large-scale irrigation. We conducted a driving factor analysis and found that the main influencing factor of the NPP of the CLCB is high-intensity human activities, including farmland reclamation and animal husbandry. Although the impact of climate change on NPP is not obvious in the short term, climate change may help recover NPP in the long term. The continued reduction in NPP has greatly increased the difficulty of regreening the Sahel; the increase in population density and rapid urbanization have led are major contributing factors to this. Our findings have important implications for the continued implementation of stringent revegetation policies. However, owing to limited data and methods, only the overall change trend of NPP was obtained, and comprehensive follow-up studies are needed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring and Evaluation of Drought in Arid Areas)
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19 pages, 5428 KiB  
Article
Temporal Variability of Temperature, Precipitation and Drought Indices in Hyper-Arid Region of Northwest China for the Past 60 Years
by Jing He, Boshan Li, Yang Yu, Lingxiao Sun, Haiyan Zhang, Ireneusz Malik, Malgorzata Wistuba and Ruide Yu
Atmosphere 2022, 13(10), 1561; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13101561 - 24 Sep 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1393
Abstract
The temporal variability and abrupt change analysis of temperature and precipitation in Turpan was investigated and examined based on a monthly data set of temperature, precipitation and drought indices (1960–2019) from three meteorological stations over the study area. The Yamamoto method, Mann–Kendall test, [...] Read more.
The temporal variability and abrupt change analysis of temperature and precipitation in Turpan was investigated and examined based on a monthly data set of temperature, precipitation and drought indices (1960–2019) from three meteorological stations over the study area. The Yamamoto method, Mann–Kendall test, Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Standardized Precipitation Evaporation Index (SPEI), and Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI) were applied to reveal temperature, precipitation and drought indices trends in their annual volumes. The conclusions were as follows: (1) in the past 60 years, the annual average temperature in the Turpan region has increased at a rate of 0.33 °C·(10a)−1. Whereas the temperature has accelerated since the 1980s, the annual average minimum temperature has increased more than the annual average maximum temperature, and the temperature difference between winter and summer has increased since the 1990s. (2) The inter-annual, inter-decadal and normal value changes in precipitation in the Turpan region and its three meteorological stations indicated a decreasing trend during 1960–2019. Though the normal value of summer and autumn precipitation decreased and increased as a whole, the normal values of spring, summer, winter and annual precipitation in the Turpan region displayed downward trends. (3) Abrupt changes in temperature were observed in the mid-1990s, and abrupt changes in precipitation were not obvious. (4) The SPI and RDI responded quickly to precipitation and temperature, and the overall characteristics of dry and wet trend changes were consistent. When the SPEI considered the combined effect of temperature and precipitation, the SPI and SPEI are better correlated, and the SPI and RDI are better correlated than the SPEI and RDI. On the whole, the occurrence of drought has obvious regional and seasonal characteristics. These conclusions not only provide scientific data for sustainable development in Turpan but also offer scientific information to further understand the trends and periodicity of climate change and drought conditions in hyper-arid regions around the world. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring and Evaluation of Drought in Arid Areas)
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20 pages, 10761 KiB  
Article
Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Drought in Central Asia from 1981 to 2020
by Yu Sun, Xi Chen, Yang Yu, Jing Qian, Min Wang, Shuangyan Huang, Xiuwei Xing, Shiran Song and Xiaolin Sun
Atmosphere 2022, 13(9), 1496; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13091496 - 14 Sep 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1451
Abstract
Drought is a meteorological phenomenon that threatens ecosystems, agricultural production, and living conditions. Central Asia is highly vulnerable to drought due to its special geographic location, water resource shortages, and extreme weather conditions, and poor management of water resources and reliance on irrigated [...] Read more.
Drought is a meteorological phenomenon that threatens ecosystems, agricultural production, and living conditions. Central Asia is highly vulnerable to drought due to its special geographic location, water resource shortages, and extreme weather conditions, and poor management of water resources and reliance on irrigated agriculture exacerbate the effects of drought. In this study, the latest version of the Global Land Data Assimilation System was employed to calculate the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index at different time scales during the period from 1981 to 2020. The varimax Rotated Empirical Orthogonal Function was applied for subregional delineation of drought patterns in Central Asia, and various methods were employed for a comparative analysis of the spatiotemporal characteristics of drought in these Central Asian subregions. The results show that drought patterns vary considerably in the Central Asian subregions. Over the past 40 years, alternating wet and dry conditions occurred in Central Asia. North Kazakhstan experienced more drought events with lower severity. East and west differences appear after 2001, the west becoming drier and the east becoming wetter. Some regions near lakes, such as Balkhash, Issyk-Kul, and the Aral Sea, suffer from droughts of long duration and high severity. In the Tianshan region, droughts in the northern slopes occur more frequently, with shorter durations and higher intensity and peaks. Northwestern China and western Mongolia have extensive agricultural land and grasslands with highly fragile ecosystems that have become progressively drier since 2001. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring and Evaluation of Drought in Arid Areas)
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12 pages, 2702 KiB  
Article
Population and GDP Exposure to Extreme Precipitation Events on Loess Plateau under the 1.5 °C Global Warming Level
by Zhijie Ta, Kaiyu Li, Hongzhu Han and Qian Jin
Atmosphere 2022, 13(9), 1423; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13091423 - 02 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1192
Abstract
To mitigate the adverse effects of climate warming, the Paris Agreement proposed the goal to reduce global warming up to an increase of 1.5 °C above the preindustrial level. Study of the population and GDP exposure to precipitation extreme events under the 1.5 [...] Read more.
To mitigate the adverse effects of climate warming, the Paris Agreement proposed the goal to reduce global warming up to an increase of 1.5 °C above the preindustrial level. Study of the population and GDP exposure to precipitation extreme events under the 1.5 °C warming target is fundamental for disaster risk mitigation and adaptation on the Loess Plateau. This study projected the population and GDP exposure to extreme precipitation events under the 1.5 °C global warming level on the Loess Plateau using daily precipitation data from CMIP6 outputs and population and GDP data under a Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 1(SSP1) 2.6 scenario. The population and GDP exposure were evaluated by combing the frequency and the areal coverage of the extreme precipitation events. Results show that population and GDP exposure to extreme precipitation events on the Loess Plateau will increase under the 1.5 °C global warming level. The population exposure was projected from 1.32 × 106 to 2.68 × 106 person-year. The population exposure of eastern and southern Loess Plateau is significantly higher than that of the northern region. The annual exposure of GDP ranges from USD 2.9 to 12.3 billion, and the regions with the highest GDP exposure are Zhengzhou, Xi’an, Taiyuan, and Lanzhou. Our results reveal that limiting the increase of global mean temperature to 1.5 °C warming level is of great significance to reduce the social and economic exposure to extreme precipitation events on the Loess Plateau. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring and Evaluation of Drought in Arid Areas)
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12 pages, 2374 KiB  
Article
Uncertainty Analysis of Hydrological Drought Due to Record Length, Time Scale, and Probability Distribution Functions Using Monte Carlo Simulation Method
by Faezeh Ghasemnezhad, Mehdi Fazeli, Ommolbanin Bazrafshan, Mohammad Parvinnia and Vijay P. Singh
Atmosphere 2022, 13(9), 1390; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13091390 - 30 Aug 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1083
Abstract
Standardized Runoff Index (SRI), as one of the well-known hydrological drought indices, may contain uncertainties caused by the employment of the distribution function, time scale, and record length of statistical data. In this study, the uncertainty in the SRI estimation of monthly discharge [...] Read more.
Standardized Runoff Index (SRI), as one of the well-known hydrological drought indices, may contain uncertainties caused by the employment of the distribution function, time scale, and record length of statistical data. In this study, the uncertainty in the SRI estimation of monthly discharge data of 30- and 49-year lengths from the Minab Dam watershed, south of Iran, was investigated. Four probability distribution functions (Gamma, Weibull, Lognormal, and Normal) were used to fit the cumulative discharge data at 3-, 6-. 9-, 12-, 24-, and 48-month time scales, with their goodness-of-fit and normality evaluated by K-S and normality tests, respectively. Using Monte Carlo sampling, 50,000 statistical data were generated for each event and each time scale, followed by 95% confidence interval. The width of the confidence interval was used as uncertainty, and sources of uncertainty were investigated using miscellaneous factors. It was found that the maximum uncertainty was related to Normal and Lognormal distributions and the minimum uncertainty to Gamma and Weibull distributions. Furthermore, the increase in both time scale and record length led to the decrease in uncertainty. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring and Evaluation of Drought in Arid Areas)
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22 pages, 7491 KiB  
Article
Shelter Efficiency of Various Shelterbelt Configurations: A Wind Tunnel Study
by Huiliang Li, Yongdong Wang, Shengyu Li, Aikedai Askar and Haifeng Wang
Atmosphere 2022, 13(7), 1022; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13071022 - 25 Jun 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1517
Abstract
The construction of protective forests in Nursultan is key to reducing near-surface wind speeds and snowstorm effects in urban areas. This study analyzed the effects of the number of plant rows and spacing of the shelterbelts on the flow field around protective forests [...] Read more.
The construction of protective forests in Nursultan is key to reducing near-surface wind speeds and snowstorm effects in urban areas. This study analyzed the effects of the number of plant rows and spacing of the shelterbelts on the flow field around protective forests to evaluate the wind protection benefits of the existing configuration of the shelterbelt in Nursultan and guide the construction of protective forests. We measured the airflow fields of four shelterbelts with different numbers of rows, seven double pure shelterbelts, and double mixed shelterbelts of arbors and shrubs with different spacings. The results showed that the airflow field around the shelterbelts can be divided into five characteristic regions based on shelter efficiency: a deceleration region before the shelterbelt, acceleration region above the canopy, strong deceleration region in the canopy layer, deceleration region behind the shelterbelt, and recovery region behind the shelterbelt. In terms of windproof ability, the wind protection benefits of a shelterbelt with six rows are the best in a single shelterbelt. Behind the shelterbelt, the wind protection benefits of double pure shelterbelts are greater than that of double mixed shelterbelts of arbor and shrub. On the contrary, the windbreak benefits of the latter are stronger than those of the former between the two shelterbelts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring and Evaluation of Drought in Arid Areas)
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