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A Dynamical System for the Earth's Ionosphere—Space Weather through Complex...
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A Dynamical System for the Earth's Ionosphere—Space Weather through Complex System Science

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Upper Atmosphere".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 July 2024) | Viewed by 2371

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Massimo Materassi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute for Complex Systems of the National Research Council CNR ISC, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
Interests: ionospheric physics; space weather; ecological models; fundaments of dissipation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Modelling a physical system requires representing it as a dynamical system, in which a mathematical entity is assigned to describe the system state and a law that outlines what agents make the system state evolve and how is prescribed. The latter is the evolution equation of the system, which is generally given as a differential equation. The initial and boundary conditions on the system state, then, allow the evolution to be predicted, as far as the equations written can be integrated.

All of this is applicable to the Earth’s ionosphere also: indeed, one of the most fundamental issues of ionospheric modelling is constructing dynamical models to predict the behavior of the Earth’s ionospheric region. Writing a dynamical system for a region of the Earth’s ionosphere is complicated: ionospheric regions are huge systems comprising an enormous number of neutral and charged particles that interact via electromagnetism; these are ionized by solar radiation and react chemically, finally undergoing the mechanical effects of the Earth’s lower atmospheric regions, including solar wind pressure and the Earth’s magnetic field. Many branches of physical sciences must hence be involved: particle and fluid mechanics, electromagnetism, chemistry and (non-equilibrium) thermodynamics; this all renders the task of writing “simple” dynamical models extremely difficult in principle.

This Special Issue is an attempt to collect novel and updated examples of ionospheric global or local models based on dynamical system theory. In particular, submissions that focus on the ionospheric applications of the following are encouraged:

  • non-equilibrium thermodynamics,
  • chaos theory,
  • complex systems,
  • artificial intelligence and neural networks,
  • stochastic dynamics

If you are interested, please send us an email with a tentative title and short abstract by 30th July 2024.

I looking forward to hearing from you.

Dr. Massimo Materassi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • dynamical systems vs. ionosphere
  • machine learning vs. ionosphere
  • ionospheric turbulence
  • solar wind plasma dynamics
  • magnetosphere dynamics
  • near-Earth current systems

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 3943 KiB  
Article
Investigating the Applicability of the Peak Density Thickness Parameter over the Equatorial Region
by Mohamed O. Shammat, Bodo W. Reinisch, Ivan Galkin, Philip J. Erickson, Jay A. Weitzen and William C. Rideout
Atmosphere 2025, 16(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16010010 - 26 Dec 2024
Viewed by 554
Abstract
The Peak Density Thickness (PDT) refers to a vertical region in the ionosphere encompassing the F2 peak, where electron density is at its maximum, and extending upward—maintaining a constant density—for a fixed altitude beyond this peak. This study builds on the previously established [...] Read more.
The Peak Density Thickness (PDT) refers to a vertical region in the ionosphere encompassing the F2 peak, where electron density is at its maximum, and extending upward—maintaining a constant density—for a fixed altitude beyond this peak. This study builds on the previously established PDT concept, initially explored at midlatitudes using data from Millstone Hill, by evaluating its applicability and effectiveness over equatorial latitudes using data from the Jicamarca Incoherent Scatter Radar (ISR) in Lima, Peru. A comprehensive analysis of electron density profiles measured by the Jicamarca ISR, spanning 1997 to 2020, was conducted using the Madrigal database to extract the PDT parameter for the F2 layer. Findings from the Jicamarca ISR indicate that the PDT parameter peaks around solar noon, aligning with observations from Millstone Hill. For selected case studies, the Vary-Chap topside model was employed to reconstruct the ionospheric profile above the F2 peak and PDT, demonstrating the model’s enhanced effectiveness when incorporating the PDT parameter over equatorial regions. This research confirms the presence of PDT in equatorial regions, consistent with its behavior at midlatitudes, and underscores the importance of PDT in refining predictive ionospheric models across different latitudes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Dynamical System for the Earth's Ionosphere—Space Weather through Complex System Science)
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16 pages, 6700 KiB  
Article
Analysis of the Response Relationship Between PWV and Meteorological Parameters Using Combined GNSS and ERA5 Data: A Case Study of Typhoon Lekima
by Ying Gao and Xiaolei Wang
Atmosphere 2024, 15(10), 1249; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15101249 - 18 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1292
Abstract
Precipitable water vapor (PWV) is a crucial parameter of Earth’s atmosphere, with its spatial and temporal variations significantly impacting Earth’s energy balance and weather patterns. Particularly during meteorological disasters such as typhoons, PWV and other meteorological parameters exhibit dramatic changes. Studying the response [...] Read more.
Precipitable water vapor (PWV) is a crucial parameter of Earth’s atmosphere, with its spatial and temporal variations significantly impacting Earth’s energy balance and weather patterns. Particularly during meteorological disasters such as typhoons, PWV and other meteorological parameters exhibit dramatic changes. Studying the response relationship between PWV and typhoon events, alongside other meteorological parameters, is essential for meteorological and climate analysis and research. To this end, this paper proposes a method for analyzing the response relationship between PWV and meteorological parameters based on Wavelet Coherence (WTC). Specifically, PWV and relevant meteorological parameters were obtained using GNSS and ERA5 data, and the response relationships between PWV and different meteorological parameters before and after typhoon events were studied in time–frequency domain. Considering that many GNSS stations are not equipped with meteorological monitoring equipment, this study interpolated meteorological parameters based on ERA5 data for PWV retrieval. In the experimental section, the accuracy of ERA5 meteorological parameters and the accuracy of PWV retrieval based on ERA5 were first analyzed, verifying the feasibility and effectiveness of this approach. Subsequently, using typhoon Lekima as a case study, data from six GNSS stations affected by the typhoon were selected, and the corresponding PWV was retrieved using ERA5. The WTC method was then employed to analyze the response relationship between PWV and meteorological parameters before and after the typhoon’s arrival. The results show that the correlation characteristics between PWV and pressure can reveal different stages before and after the typhoon passes, while the local characteristics between PWV and temperature better reflect regional precipitation trends. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Dynamical System for the Earth's Ionosphere—Space Weather through Complex System Science)
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