Low-Altitude Boundary-Layer Flows and Dispersion: Insights from Experiments, Modeling and AI

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2026 | Viewed by 1536

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
Interests: urban boundary layer flows; large-eddy simulation; turbulence parametrization; deep learning application; boundary-layer meteorology

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Guest Editor
School of Energy and Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110036, China
Interests: micrometeorology; boundary-layer turbulence; urban canopy parameterization; ventilation; engineering thermal physics
School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
Interests: urban airflow; wind and thermal environment; turbulence; pollutant dispersion; wind tunnel; CFD modeling; boundary layer and canopy parameterization
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The low-altitude boundary layer constitutes the lowest portion of the atmospheric boundary layer, where flow dynamics and dispersion characteristics are significantly influenced by surface roughness. Characterizing or predicting flows over heterogeneous surfaces, such as urban terrain, is particularly challenging due to non-uniform shear stress, flow recirculation, and heterogeneous heat and pollutant sources. Nevertheless, this region encompasses the environment where urban residents live, and understanding local wind flows and air pollutant dispersion is critical for improving urban safety and living conditions. Additionally, complex shear flows pose operational risks for low-altitude unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).

This Special Issue aims to advance contemporary methodologies and deepen our understanding of flow and dispersion phenomena in low-altitude boundary-layer environments. The expected outcomes will support a range of environmental and engineering applications, including strategies for mitigating UAV flight hazards and tackling pressing real-world challenges. We invite high-quality studies employing traditional approaches (field observations, wind tunnel experiments, numerical simulations, and theoretical analysis), as well as novel AI techniques. Contributions should enhance current knowledge, propose innovative modeling tools for flow and dispersion patterns in low-altitude boundary layers, and offer valuable insights to the broader scientific community.

Dr. Wai-Chi Cheng
Prof. Dr. Guangdong Duan
Dr. Ziwei Mo
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • low-altitude boundary layer
  • urban flow dynamics
  • pollutant dispersion
  • heterogeneous surfaces
  • UAV flight hazards
  • wind and turbulence

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 2650 KB  
Article
Ventilation Mechanism in an Idealized Street Canyon: A Multiscale Turbulence Approach
by Yidi Hou, Mofan Qiu, Lei Yan and Chun-Ho Liu
Atmosphere 2026, 17(3), 239; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos17030239 - 25 Feb 2026
Viewed by 443
Abstract
The low-altitude atmospheric environment has been receiving increasing attention in recent years due to rising human activities and the emerging growth of the low-altitude economy. Urban wakes generate highly inhomogeneous, multiscale turbulent flows, posing challenges for momentum transport, pedestrian-level ventilation, and low-altitude aerial [...] Read more.
The low-altitude atmospheric environment has been receiving increasing attention in recent years due to rising human activities and the emerging growth of the low-altitude economy. Urban wakes generate highly inhomogeneous, multiscale turbulent flows, posing challenges for momentum transport, pedestrian-level ventilation, and low-altitude aerial vehicle operations. Large eddy simulation of a neutral boundary layer over an idealized urban street canyon is conducted, and wavelet transforms combined with quadrant analysis are applied to investigate scale-dependent momentum transport across three wake zones: recirculation, entrainment, and detrainment. The results show that strong momentum transport across a broad range of scales is exhibited at the roof level of the recirculation zone. The momentum transport in the entrainment zone is governed by large-coherent-scale turbulence. On the contrary, the dynamics are governed by small-scale turbulence activities accompanied by distinct quadrant asymmetry in the detrainment zone because of the major energy contribution from Q2 and Q4 events. Furthermore, the multiscale characteristics of turbulent transport produce distinct frequency signatures across different wake zones, underscoring their dynamically heterogeneous nature and potential implications for UAV operation. Full article
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14 pages, 3034 KB  
Article
Transport Dynamics and Multiscale Turbulence Analysis of Vegetation Canopies Based on Wind Tunnel Experiments
by Guoliang Chen, Fei Li, Ruiqi Wang, Chun-Ho Liu and Ziwei Mo
Atmosphere 2026, 17(2), 226; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos17020226 - 23 Feb 2026
Viewed by 537
Abstract
The momentum transport and scale-dependent motion characteristics within vegetation canopies play a crucial role in shaping near-surface turbulent structures and exchange processes, yet the interactions among different turbulent scales and their statistical representations remain insufficiently understood. Based on a series of controlled wind [...] Read more.
The momentum transport and scale-dependent motion characteristics within vegetation canopies play a crucial role in shaping near-surface turbulent structures and exchange processes, yet the interactions among different turbulent scales and their statistical representations remain insufficiently understood. Based on a series of controlled wind tunnel experiments, this study identifies coherent turbulent structures using a phase-space algorithm constructed from streamwise velocity fluctuation u′, acceleration a, and jerk j, and compares transport efficiency (exuberance η). This study uses scale-wise (cut-off frequency) momentum flux contribution analysis, natural visibility graph (NVG), and large–small-scale amplitude modulation to examine transport and multiscale behaviors across different canopy densities, array layouts, and inflow conditions. Results show that canopy density (different Cd drag coefficient) is a primary factor governing transport efficiency. Under low-wind staggered configurations, increasing canopy density strengthens the contribution of low-frequency large-scale motions to total momentum flux. In contrast, high-wind aligned configurations intensify canopy-top shear, enhancing small-scale motions and thereby reducing the relative contribution of large-scale motions. NVG analysis further reveals that in high-density canopies, large-scale acceleration and deceleration events tend toward equilibrium, whereas deceleration events dominate consistently in low- and medium-density cases. Amplitude modulation results indicate that high-density cases exhibit highly consistent modulation behavior, followed by low-density cases, while medium-density cases display a pronounced height-dependent variation, characterized by a distinct modulation critical point. This study proposes a unified analytical framework integrating coherent structure detection, graph-theoretic analysis, multiscale transport characterization, and large–small-scale modulation, providing a comprehensive description of momentum transport and scale motions within canopy flows, and it offers new insight into the mechanisms governing complex vegetation canopy turbulence. Full article
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