Recent Advances in Earth Surface Processes: From Weathering to Climate Change

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosphere/Hydrosphere/Land–Atmosphere Interactions".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2025 | Viewed by 1585

Special Issue Editors

School of Hydrology and Water Resources, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Interests: land surface model; high-resolution land surface modeling; detection and attribution; hydrological extremes

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Guest Editor
School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
Interests: land data development; machine learning; land surface modeling; soil
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Guest Editor
Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100017, China
Interests: climate change and future projection; soil memory and seasonal prediction; land-ocean-atmosphere interaction

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Guest Editor
School of Hydrology and Water Resources, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Interests: land surface hydrological model; hydrological droughts; reservoir operation parameterization

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Land surface processes (LSPs) play a crucial role in the Earth system, encompassing various processes such as soil moisture and temperature, vegetation dynamics, snow accumulation and melt, and streamflow. In recent decades, these processes have been undergoing notable transformations at different scales, leading to substantial alterations in ecohydrological and thermal variables, as well as extreme events like droughts and floods.

In recent years, numerous efforts, such as advanced remote sensing technologies, high-resolution land surface models, data assimilation methods, and machine learning approaches, have been made to better understand LSPs and their changes. However, changes in LSPs are highly complex due to multiscale factors such as climate change, land cover changes, and human water interventions, as well as the heterogeneous nature of land surface characteristics. Continued efforts are still needed to comprehensively harness recent advancements in this field.

This Special Issue aims to publish papers including, but not limited to, the following: advances in remote sensing technologies and data assimilation methods for monitoring land surface hydrothermal states, developing new parameter datasets and physical parameterization schemes for land surface models to better simulate LSPs, establishing innovative approaches (e.g., machine learning and data-driven methods) for modeling and predicting LSPs, the detection and attribution of the changes in LSPs, and land–atmosphere interactions.

Dr. Peng Ji
Prof. Dr. Wei Shangguan
Dr. Kai Yang
Dr. Yang Jiao
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • land surface processes
  • land surface model
  • high-resolution land surface monitoring, modeling, and forecasting
  • detection and attribution
  • data assimilation and machine learning
  • land–atmosphere interaction

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 5238 KiB  
Article
A Factorial-Clustered Copula Covariate Analysis for Interaction Effects of Multiple Climate Factors on Vegetation Cover in China
by Feng Wang, Yiting Wei, Ruixin Duan, Jiannan Zhang and Xiong Zhou
Atmosphere 2025, 16(2), 185; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16020185 - 6 Feb 2025
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Abstract
Vegetation is a vital component of ecosystems and an indicator of global environmental change. It is significantly influenced by climate factors. Previous studies have often overlooked the nonlinear relationships, spatiotemporal variability, and interaction effects of climate factors on vegetation, focusing instead on simplistic [...] Read more.
Vegetation is a vital component of ecosystems and an indicator of global environmental change. It is significantly influenced by climate factors. Previous studies have often overlooked the nonlinear relationships, spatiotemporal variability, and interaction effects of climate factors on vegetation, focusing instead on simplistic trends or regional classifications based on vegetation type, climate zone, or ecosystem. In this study, a factorial-clustered copula covariate analysis model was developed to investigate the effects of climate factors on vegetation cover (NDVI) in China from 2000 to 2023. The results showed that temperature had the strongest correlation with NDVI (0.66), followed by precipitation and solar radiation (both 0.46), and soil moisture (0.14). The NDVI exhibited significant spatial variability, with low values (<0.1) in 17.6% and high values (>0.8) in 12.7% of the areas. Regional variations were observed: precipitation-dominated NDVI changes in arid regions (Cluster 1, 43%), solar radiation in tropical areas (Clusters 4 and 5, >79%), and soil moisture in humid zones (Cluster 2, 29%). Interaction effects, such as Pre:Temp and Pre:Temp:SM, further influenced NDVI dynamics. Joint probability analysis revealed diverse dependency patterns across clusters, highlighting the complex interplay between climatic and non-climatic factors. These findings emphasize the need for tailored management strategies to address region-specific vegetation dynamics under changing climatic conditions. Full article
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19 pages, 12098 KiB  
Article
Divergent Responses of Grassland Productivity to Large-Scale Atmospheric Circulations Across Ecoregions on the Mongolian Plateau
by Cuicui Jiao, Xiaobo Yi, Ji Luo, Ying Wang, Yuanjie Deng and Xiao Guo
Atmosphere 2025, 16(1), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16010032 - 30 Dec 2024
Viewed by 627
Abstract
The Mongolian Plateau grassland (MPG) is critical for ecological conservation and sustainability of regional pastoral economies. Aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) is a key indicator of grassland health and function, which is highly sensitive to variabilities in large-scale atmospheric circulations, commonly referred to [...] Read more.
The Mongolian Plateau grassland (MPG) is critical for ecological conservation and sustainability of regional pastoral economies. Aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) is a key indicator of grassland health and function, which is highly sensitive to variabilities in large-scale atmospheric circulations, commonly referred to as teleconnections (TCs). In this study, we analyzed the spatial and temporal variations of ANPP and their response to local meteorological and large-scale climatic variabilities across the MPG from 1982 to 2015. Our analysis indicated the following: (1) Throughout the entire study period, ANPP displayed an overall upward trend across nine ecoregions. In the Sayan montane steppe and Sayan alpine meadow ecoregions, ANPP displayed a distinct inflection point in the mid-1990s. In the Ordos Plateau arid steppe ecoregion, ANPP continuously increased without any inflection points. In the six other ecoregions, trends in ANPP exhibited two inflection points, one in the mid-1990s and one in the late-2000s. (2) Precipitation was the principal determinant of ANPP across the entire MPG. Temperature was a secondary yet important factor influencing ANPP variations in the Ordos Plateau arid steppe. Cloud cover affected ANPP in Sukhbaatar and central Dornod, Mongolia. (3) The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation affected ANPP by regulating temperature in the Ordos Plateau arid steppe ecoregion, whereas precipitation occurred in the other ecoregions. The Pacific/North America, North Atlantic Oscillation, East Atlantic/Western Russia, and Pacific Decadal Oscillation predominantly affected precipitation patterns in various ecoregions, indicating regional heterogeneities of the effects of TCs on ANPP fluctuations. When considering seasonal variances, winter TCs dominated ANPP variations in the Selenge–Orkhon forest steppe, Daurian forest steppe, and Khangai Mountains alpine meadow ecoregions. Autumn TCs, particularly the Pacific/North America and North Atlantic Oscillation, had a greater impact in arid regions like the Gobi Desert steppe and the Great Lakes Basin desert steppe ecoregions. This study’s findings will enhance the theoretical framework for examining the effects of TCs on grassland ecosystems. Full article
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