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Atmosphere
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Ammonia Emissions and Particulate Matter (2nd Edition)
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Ammonia Emissions and Particulate Matter (2nd Edition)

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Air Quality".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 26 September 2025 | Viewed by 802

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Eui-Chan Jeon

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Guest Editor
Department of Climate and Environment, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
Interests: PM 2.5 secondary source; fine particulate matters; climate change; greenhouse gases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Seongmin Kang

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Guest Editor
Center for Carbon Neutrality, The Seoul Institute, Seoul 137-071, Republic of Korea
Interests: climate change; greenhouse gases; fine particulate matters; PM 2.5 secondary source
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Particulate matter is a class 1 carcinogen, as dictated by the WHO (World Health Organization), and health damage caused by particulate matter has been reported in various studies around the world. PM-2.5 represents particulate matter smaller than 2.5/1000 mm. It is known to have various effects on the body, including the onset of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, as well as reduced visibility. Thus, the importance of emission control is being discussed.

Ammonia is a basic gaseous substance that plays a major role in generating secondary PM-2.5, such as ammonium ions, when it meets SOx and NOx in the atmosphere. Secondary generated particulate matter consists of large amounts of PM-2.5. Thus, with the amount of high-concentration fine dust increasing, managing secondary generated materials is paramount. This substance also affects climate change as a SLCF (short-lived climate forcer).

It has been reported that ammonia is mainly generated in agriculture (fertilizer use, livestock manure, soil circulation, etc.), industries involving production processes (the petroleum product industry, the iron and steel industries, etc.), and road transportation sources. For this reason, it is important to study the emission mechanisms and characteristics of ammonia, which is a major cause of secondary generated particulate matter and climate change.

Therefore, under the theme of “Ammonia Emission and Particulate Matter”, we are publishing a Special Issue to share the latest research results related to ammonia and particulate matter. Submissions to this Special Issue might include, but are by no means limited to, the following: ammonia emission; emission inventories; secondary particulate matter; climate change; and the management of emission sources.

Original papers discussing the above topics and presenting general methodologies, numerical and experimental investigations, and case studies addressing the sustainable management of air pollution emissions and urban air quality are welcome. These findings could take the form of field, laboratory, or modeling studies. Thank you in advance for your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Eui-Chan Jeon
Dr. Seongmin Kang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ammonia emission
  • emission inventory
  • SLCFs (short-lived climate forcers)
  • secondary particulate matter
  • climate change
  • air pollution
  • air quality

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 3086 KiB  
Article
Measuring Ammonia Concentration Distributions with Passive Samplers to Evaluate the Impact of Vehicle Exhaust on a Roadside Environment in Tokyo, Japan
by Hiroyuki Hagino
Atmosphere 2025, 16(5), 519; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16050519 (registering DOI) - 29 Apr 2025
Abstract
Evaluating the impact on roadside environments of NH3 from vehicle emissions is important for protecting the ecosystem from air pollution by fine particulate matter and nitrogen deposition. This study used passive samplers to measure NH3 and NOX at multiple points [...] Read more.
Evaluating the impact on roadside environments of NH3 from vehicle emissions is important for protecting the ecosystem from air pollution by fine particulate matter and nitrogen deposition. This study used passive samplers to measure NH3 and NOX at multiple points near a major road to observe the distribution of these gases in the area. The impact of NH3 emitted from vehicles on a major road on the environmental concentration of NH3 at different distances from the roadside was found to be similar to that of NOX and NO2. The concentration of NH3 rapidly decreased due to dilution and diffusion within approximately 50 m of the road, and after 100 m the concentration remained almost the same or decreased slowly. Furthermore, CO2 observations taken in the same period along the roadside and in the background yielded a vehicular emission factor of 4–50 mg/km for NH3, which is comparable with previous research. This emission factor level contributes 4–11 ppb to the NH3 concentrations in roadside air through the dilution and diffusion process. A correlation was found between the emission factors of NH3 and NOX that was different from the trade-off relationship seen when single-vehicle exhaust is measured. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ammonia Emissions and Particulate Matter (2nd Edition))
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21 pages, 11120 KiB  
Article
Spatiotemporal Analysis of NH3 Emission Sources and Their Relation to Land Use Types in the Eastern German Lowlands
by Christian Saravia and Katja Trachte
Atmosphere 2025, 16(3), 346; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16030346 - 20 Mar 2025
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Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) emissions, which are key precursors of fine particulate matter, pose significant environmental challenges. This study investigated the spatiotemporal variations in NH3 emissions across the eastern German lowlands from 2013 to 2022 using IASI-B satellite data. Five major Land [...] Read more.
Ammonia (NH3) emissions, which are key precursors of fine particulate matter, pose significant environmental challenges. This study investigated the spatiotemporal variations in NH3 emissions across the eastern German lowlands from 2013 to 2022 using IASI-B satellite data. Five major Land Cover Classes (LCC) –tree, grassland, cropland, built-up areas, and water bodies– were analyzed. The results showed distinct diurnal variations, with nighttime NH3 concentrations exceeding 2.0 × 1016 molecules cm−2 in the peak months. Seasonal patterns indicated significant emissions in March (1.2 × 1016 molecules cm−2), April (1.1 × 1016 molecules cm−2), and August (9.6 × 1015 molecules cm−2), while the lowest concentrations occurred in September (0.6 × 1015 molecules cm−2). Persistent hotspots were identified in the northwestern region, where emissions peaked in spring (1.8 × 1016 molecules cm−2) and summer (1.3 × 1016 molecules cm−2), primarily due to agricultural activities. Over the study period, the annual NH3 concentration peaked in 2015, 2018, and 2022. Using k-means clustering, three distinct emission zones were identified, with Cluster 3 showing the highest NH3 emission values, particularly in urban centers, and agricultural zones were identified, covering less than 20% of the study area, where cropland predominates (8%). Meteorological factors significantly influenced NH3 levels, with negative correlations obtained for precipitation, wind speed, and evaporation, while solar radiation, boundary layer height, and instantaneous moisture fluxes showed positive correlations. A case study from March 2022, employing the HYSPLIT trajectory model, confirmed that agricultural practices are the dominant NH3 source, with emissions reaching 3.2 × 1016 molecules cm−2 in hotspot regions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ammonia Emissions and Particulate Matter (2nd Edition))
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