Design of Special Structures for Lateral Loads

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Mechanical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 March 2022) | Viewed by 15018

Special Issue Editors

Department of Architecture, Built Environment and Construction Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
Interests: structural analysis; finite element modeling; structural dynamics; nonlinear analysis; structural stability; modal analysis; steel; steel structures; structure analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
Interests: experimental wind engineering (wind tunnels/open jet testing); computational wind engineering; performance and resiliency of the built environment under wind impact (new and existing infrastructure: low-rise buildings, tall buildings, bridges, power transmission lines and towers, solar panels, wind turbines, offshore structures, green building envelope, etc.); structural dynamics; structural control/mitigation under wind/earthquake loading; dissipative analysis; smart structures
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Department of Civil, Environmental Engineering and Architecture, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
Interests: finite element modeling; structural analysis; earthquake engineering; structural dynamics; finite element analysis; construction; construction engineering; civil engineering materials; construction materials; building materials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Today, engineers and researchers are facing more challenges related to the design of non-standard or special structures, such as tall buildings, steel storage racks, wind turbines, industrial chimneys, etc. Independently from the material with which the structures are made (steel, reinforced concrete, or masonry), the knowledge required to understand the behavior of such complex constructions is indispensable, especially when these structures are subjected to lateral loads, i.e., earthquake and wind. The design of such structures is governed mainly by their modal properties, dynamic behavior, and slenderness. These governing factors should be treated with caution during the design phase, by using advanced nonlinear modeling techniques or refined models calibrated by experimental data. Some of the main design issues are related to resonance, instability of principal members, non-symmetric elements, the use of thin-walled profiles, and the behavior of the connections.

This Special Issue aims to include articles and review papers addressing the behavior of different special structures under earthquake and/or wind loads. We welcome manuscripts in the field of:

  • Modeling techniques for the seismic behavior of non-standard structures;
  • Design of tall structures (steel wind turbines, chimney, high-rise buildings, etc.) for wind and/or seismic loads;
  • Design and development of vibration mitigation systems/devices;
  • Design and analysis of base isolation systems;
  • The behavior of structures made of thin-walled and non-symmetric members;
  • Analysis of special beam-to-column and base-plate connections.

Dr. Marco Simoncelli
Prof. Dr. Aly-Mousaad Aly
Dr. Marco Zucca
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Dynamics and stability
  • Wind loads
  • Tall buildings
  • Wind turbines
  • Steel storage racks
  • Chimney
  • Vibration suppression
  • Viscous dampers
  • Base isolation

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 2784 KiB  
Article
Distributed Dynamic Load Identification of Beam Structures Using a Bayesian Method
by Shuyi Luo, Jinhui Jiang, Fang Zhang and M. Shadi. Mohamed
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(4), 2537; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13042537 - 16 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1026
Abstract
The distributed dynamic load is difficult to obtain due to the complexity of loads in practical engineering, such as the aerodynamic loads of aircraft and the distributed dynamic loads of sea-crossing bridges. Thus, distributed dynamic load identification is important to deal with these [...] Read more.
The distributed dynamic load is difficult to obtain due to the complexity of loads in practical engineering, such as the aerodynamic loads of aircraft and the distributed dynamic loads of sea-crossing bridges. Thus, distributed dynamic load identification is important to deal with these difficulties, which is generally an ill-posed problem considering the inversion of the infinite dynamic loads. The traditional Tikhonov regularization technique is limited on the optimal regularization parameters selection. Consequently, in this paper, we develop a novel distributed dynamic load identification algorithm in combination with the orthogonal polynomials and the Bayesian framework. Thus, the orthogonal polynomial coefficients in the load identification model are regarded as the prior probability distribution of unknown variables in the Bayesian inference. Simultaneously, the posterior probability distribution of the orthogonal polynomial coefficients is derived based on the Bayesian formula and the likelihood function. The regularization parameters and the standard deviation of the response error are also treated as random variables to obtain the corresponding prior distribution in the multi-level Bayesian model. Moreover, the maximum posterior estimate is applied aiming at determining the regularization parameters, as well as the orthogonal polynomial coefficients to reconstruct the distributed dynamic loads. Compared with the Tikhonov regularization, a series of numerical simulations are studied to verify the effectiveness and high accuracy, as well as the noise resistance, and the results illustrate that this approach is effective to reconstruct the distributed dynamic loads. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design of Special Structures for Lateral Loads)
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35 pages, 9472 KiB  
Article
Vibration Attenuation in a High-Rise Hybrid-Timber Building: A Comparative Study
by Suvash Chapain and Aly Mousaad Aly
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(4), 2230; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13042230 - 09 Feb 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2168
Abstract
Recent developments in engineered timber products, and their availability, durability, and renewability, have led to taller and more flexible buildings. However, these buildings may experience excessive vibrations, resulting in safety and serviceability issues due to wind or earthquake loads. This paper presents a [...] Read more.
Recent developments in engineered timber products, and their availability, durability, and renewability, have led to taller and more flexible buildings. However, these buildings may experience excessive vibrations, resulting in safety and serviceability issues due to wind or earthquake loads. This paper presents a dynamic analysis of a 42-story-tall hybrid-timber building, along with a comparative study of the performance of three damping devices: (i) pendulum pounding tuned mass damper (PTMD), (ii) tuned mass damper inerter (TMDI), and (iii) tuned mass damper (TMD). First, we evaluate the vibration reduction capability of the TMD and the TMDI under filtered white noise and variable frequency sinusoidal excitations. Then, we propose a robust pendulum PTMD designed using the Hertz contact law to minimize the responses under seismic excitations. For a fair comparison, the mass of the TMD, TMDI, and pendulum PTMD is kept the same. The results show that the pendulum PTMD has higher performance and can reduce the peak accelerations under earthquake loads when both TMD and TMDI fail to achieve this requirement. The superior performance of the proposed device in reducing peak accelerations relates to the reduction in damage to structural and nonstructural components under seismic loads. Nevertheless, coupling the inerter and TMD to form a TMDI may shift the optimum frequency and damping ratios, leading to reduced performance. Compared to TMD and TMDI, the proposed pendulum PTMD is more robust, with higher performance in reducing the base shear (55.7%), base moment (41%), and inter-story drift ratio (40%). The dominant capabilities of this novel device in a timber-hybrid building under different excitations reveal benefits that can shape the future of the physical infrastructure and contribute to climate change adaptation and mitigation for improved disaster resilience and circular economy policies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design of Special Structures for Lateral Loads)
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14 pages, 3704 KiB  
Article
Wind Loads on Overhead Sign Structures: A Comparative Study
by Aly Mousaad Aly and James Benson
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(3), 1682; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13031682 - 28 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1557
Abstract
Road signs are prone to extreme winds that cause significant damage. Overhead sign structures can disrupt traffic and cause harm to the traveling public if a failure occurs under extreme wind conditions. In this paper, we employ Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in a [...] Read more.
Road signs are prone to extreme winds that cause significant damage. Overhead sign structures can disrupt traffic and cause harm to the traveling public if a failure occurs under extreme wind conditions. In this paper, we employ Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in a comparative study to understand the aerodynamics of standard, porous, and curved signs. The study shows the viability of porous and curved overhead boards for lessening aerodynamic loads, which can mini-mize damage and enhance safety on roadways. Porous overhead signs can decrease the drag forces; however, the size of the openings is a vital parameter in reducing wind loads. Small and uniform perforations lead to higher drag forces, compared to larger ones, under the same porosity ratio. Introducing porosity to a solid panel moves the vorticity region further downstream, reducing the magnitude of pressures on the leeward side and decreasing the drag force. However, curved panels further enhanced the force reduction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design of Special Structures for Lateral Loads)
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12 pages, 6625 KiB  
Article
Effect of Joint Characteristics and Geometries on Tunnel-Type Anchorage for Suspension Bridge
by Hyunsung Lim, Seunghwan Seo, Junyoung Ko and Moonkyung Chung
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(24), 11688; https://doi.org/10.3390/app112411688 - 09 Dec 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1281
Abstract
In this study, the pull-out behavior of a tunnel-type anchorage was examined by considering both geometric and rock joint characteristics. Three-dimensional finite element analyses were performed with reference to the tunnel-type anchorage cases designed and constructed in Korea. The factors influencing the anchorage [...] Read more.
In this study, the pull-out behavior of a tunnel-type anchorage was examined by considering both geometric and rock joint characteristics. Three-dimensional finite element analyses were performed with reference to the tunnel-type anchorage cases designed and constructed in Korea. The factors influencing the anchorage response were analyzed: the enlarged part, anchorage spacing, joint orientation, spacing, and the shear strength of the rock joints. According to the numerical studies, the size of the enlarged part influenced the failure shape of the tunnel-type anchorage. It was found that the anchorage spacing, the relationship between the tunnel-type anchorage, and the joint orientation and spacing greatly influenced the pull-out behavior of the anchorage. Additionally, the friction angle had a larger impact on the anchorage’s pull-out resistance than the cohesion between the rock joints. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design of Special Structures for Lateral Loads)
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22 pages, 118080 KiB  
Article
Experimental Behavior of a Full-Scale Housing Section Built with Cold-Formed Steel Shear Wall Panels under Horizontal Monotonic and Cyclic Loading
by Matilde Moreno Cobo, Juan D. Carazo Alvarez, Patricia Méndez de Hasbun, José Carlos Hasbun Hasbun, Ana María Gómez Amador and Juan José Jiménez de Cisneros
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(22), 10934; https://doi.org/10.3390/app112210934 - 19 Nov 2021
Viewed by 1209
Abstract
This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the behavior of the cold- formed steel shear wall panel (CFSSWP) with fibrocement panels as sheathing, when it is subjected in-plane shear deformations and flexural deformation under perpendicular monotonically increasing horizontal loads on [...] Read more.
This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the behavior of the cold- formed steel shear wall panel (CFSSWP) with fibrocement panels as sheathing, when it is subjected in-plane shear deformations and flexural deformation under perpendicular monotonically increasing horizontal loads on the longest plane. A full-scale housing section was built with three walls and a ceiling using commonly used construction details in El Salvador. The strength and stiffness of the experimental specimen tested overcame significantly critical demand imposed by the technical design standards in this country. Additionally, a simplified finite element model was defined with the objective to analyze stresses in the components. The results of the numerical model were similar to the experimental model tested. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design of Special Structures for Lateral Loads)
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17 pages, 9683 KiB  
Article
Tuned Mass Damper Design for Slender Masonry Structures: A Framework for Linear and Nonlinear Analysis
by Marco Zucca, Nicola Longarini, Marco Simoncelli and Aly Mousaad Aly
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(8), 3425; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11083425 - 11 Apr 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2289
Abstract
The paper presents a proposed framework to optimize the tuned mass damper (TMD) design, useful for seismic improvement of slender masonry structures. A historical masonry chimney located in northern Italy was considered to illustrate the proposed TMD design procedure and to evaluate the [...] Read more.
The paper presents a proposed framework to optimize the tuned mass damper (TMD) design, useful for seismic improvement of slender masonry structures. A historical masonry chimney located in northern Italy was considered to illustrate the proposed TMD design procedure and to evaluate the seismic performance of the system. The optimization process was subdivided into two fundamental phases. In the first phase, the main TMD parameters were defined starting from the dynamic behavior of the chimney by finite element modeling (FEM). A series of linear time-history analyses were carried out to point out the structural improvements in terms of top displacement, base shear, and bending moment. In the second phase, masonry’s nonlinear behavior was considered, and a fiber model of the chimney was implemented. Pushover analyses were performed to obtain the capacity curve of the structure and to evaluate the performance of the TMD. The results of the linear and nonlinear analysis reveal the effectiveness of the proposed TMD design procedure for slender masonry structures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design of Special Structures for Lateral Loads)
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Review

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37 pages, 3699 KiB  
Review
Assessment of Structural Behavior, Vulnerability, and Risk of Industrial Silos: State-of-the-Art and Recent Research Trends
by Mohammad Khalil, Sergio Ruggieri and Giuseppina Uva
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(6), 3006; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12063006 - 15 Mar 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4394
Abstract
This paper presents a literature compendium about the main studies on the structural behavior, vulnerability, and risk of industrial silos, as one of the most important players of different industrial processes. This study focuses on the main scientific works developed in the last [...] Read more.
This paper presents a literature compendium about the main studies on the structural behavior, vulnerability, and risk of industrial silos, as one of the most important players of different industrial processes. This study focuses on the main scientific works developed in the last decades, highlighting the more notable issues on circular steel silos as the most widespread typology in practice, such as the content–container complicated interaction, the structural and seismic response, and the several uncertainties in the design and assessment processes. Specifically, this paper proposes a near-full state-of-the-art on (i) the behavior of silos under different kinds of loads, ordinary and extreme, (ii) the effects of imperfections and the interacting structures (e.g., ring beams, supporting structures), (iii) the stored material properties, the relevant uncertainties and the impact on the silo behavior, (iv) the possible failure modes given by the focused structural configuration and the stored materials, and (v) assessment and risk mitigation strategies. Throughout the text, some considerations are provided in order to summarize the more recent research trends about steel silos and to highlight the still open issues on the risk and vulnerability reduction of these kinds of structures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design of Special Structures for Lateral Loads)
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