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Advanced Blasting Technology for Mining
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Advanced Blasting Technology for Mining

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Civil Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2025 | Viewed by 2699

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Krzysztof Skrzypkowski

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Resource Management, AGH University of Krakow, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Kraków, Poland
Interests: underground mining methods; computer-aided design for mining; physical test; numerical modeling; bolting; backfilling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Andrzej Biessikirski

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Resource Management, AGH University of Krakow, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Kraków, Poland
Interests: explosives; ANFO; ammonium nitrate(V); fragmentation; blast-induced vibration; fumes; critical raw materials; mineral extraction
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to invite you to contribute to our Special Issue on "Advanced Blasting Technology for Mining", which will explore the cutting-edge developments and new research directions in blasting techniques for both open-pit and underground mining. Blasting is widely regarded as the primary method for quarrying rock masses due to its cost-effectiveness and capacity to produce large volumes of well-fragmented rock in a relatively short time. However, the detonation process is accompanied by potential adverse effects, including blast-induced vibrations, fly-rock, and acoustic waves. Efforts to mitigate these impacts, along with initiatives toward achieving zero emissions, are driving the search for advanced solutions in blasting techniques. This Special Issue aims to address key topics such as innovative explosive compositions, optimized blasting designs, advanced drilling and blasting processes, blasting safety, and methods to minimize environmental impacts including prediction algorithms, such as blast-induced vibrations and fume emissions.

In this Special Issue of Applied Sciences, we intend to focus on innovative laboratory, numerical, and industrial research that has had a positive impact on the development of blasting in mining. We hope that you will consider submitting your original manuscripts to this Special Issue for peer review.

Prof. Dr. Krzysztof Skrzypkowski
Prof. Dr. Andrzej Biessikirski
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • blasting works
  • explosives
  • fragmentation
  • detonation properties
  • blast-induced vibration
  • drilling
  • blast and ring design
  • blasting safety

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 4392 KiB  
Article
Research on the Impact of Blasting Vibration in Mining Areas on Surrounding Railway Structures
by Shuai Zhang, Zhiyu Zhang, Kai Wang, Defu He and Yonghui Huang
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(9), 4624; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15094624 - 22 Apr 2025
Viewed by 122
Abstract
To study the safety impact of open-pit blasting on railway structures, blasting vibration tests were conducted on the railway. Numerical simulation methods were employed to establish a three-dimensional finite element model of the railway structure, encompassing the rail, sleepers, and subgrade. By applying [...] Read more.
To study the safety impact of open-pit blasting on railway structures, blasting vibration tests were conducted on the railway. Numerical simulation methods were employed to establish a three-dimensional finite element model of the railway structure, encompassing the rail, sleepers, and subgrade. By applying the measured blasting vibration waves from the railway platform and amplifying their velocities to various multiples, the variation patterns of the vibration velocity and displacement of the railway structure were calculated and analyzed. The research findings suggest that the rail in the railway structure is less affected by the vibration, whereas the sleepers and subgrade are more significantly influenced by the blasting vibration. The peak velocities and displacements generated by the structure are well below the requirements of the relevant regulations. Upon amplifying the loading velocities to different multiples and conducting the analysis, it was observed that as the vibration velocity increases, the velocity and displacement of the structure increase to varying extents. It is recommended to control the blasting vibration velocity below 3 cm/s and to adopt corresponding security technology measures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Blasting Technology for Mining)
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13 pages, 3168 KiB  
Article
The Investigation of Porcelain Plates Roughness Influence on Determination of Explosives Friction Sensitivity
by Sonia Nachlik and Mateusz Pytlik
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(8), 4478; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15084478 - 18 Apr 2025
Viewed by 126
Abstract
The influence of the roughness of porcelain plates on the results of the friction sensitivity test of explosives was investigated. For this purpose, the roughness of selected batches of plates from several manufacturers (Julius Peters, OZM Research s.r.o., Deltima Precision s.r.o.) was determined. [...] Read more.
The influence of the roughness of porcelain plates on the results of the friction sensitivity test of explosives was investigated. For this purpose, the roughness of selected batches of plates from several manufacturers (Julius Peters, OZM Research s.r.o., Deltima Precision s.r.o.) was determined. Subsequently, according to the standards EN 13631-3:2005 and STANAG 4487 JAIS (edition 2), friction sensitivity tests of PETN (Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate, penthrite) and RDX (Royal Demolition Explosive, hexogen) were carried out. No statistically significant correlation was established under the experimental conditions—although sanded plates had the lowest roughness (mean value 5.07 μm) and simultaneously gave the lowest sensitivity results (168 N for RDX and 80 N for PETN according to the EN 13631-3 while 216 N for RDX and 121 N for PETN according to the STANAG 4487), Julius Peters plates with a similar level of roughness (mean value 6.07 μm) did not reflect the pattern and results of the sensitivity tests that were surprisingly high (120 N for RDX and 64 N for PETN according to the EN 13631-3 while 182 N for RDX and 67 N for PETN according to the STANAG 4487). Due to these results, the human factor is indicated as a key factor in the obtained discrepancies; however, further research in this matter may be needed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Blasting Technology for Mining)
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32 pages, 9477 KiB  
Article
Strata Control by Roof Blasting for Bord and Pillar Mining Method in Mechanized Depillaring Panels
by Abhishek Gautam, Ashok Kumar, Sahendra Ram, Krzysztof Skrzypkowski, Krzysztof Zagórski, Anna Zagórska, Maciej Madziarz and Krzysztof Migda
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(3), 1403; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15031403 - 29 Jan 2025
Viewed by 942
Abstract
This article discusses the challenges and remedial measures (roof blasting) adopted to deal with extremely difficult cavable roofs while working with Continuous Miner Technology (CMT) in Bord and Pillar mining method. The main objective of the roof blasting in the goaf is to [...] Read more.
This article discusses the challenges and remedial measures (roof blasting) adopted to deal with extremely difficult cavable roofs while working with Continuous Miner Technology (CMT) in Bord and Pillar mining method. The main objective of the roof blasting in the goaf is to induce caving to minimize the abutment load in and around the working face to prevent incidences of coal bumps, goaf swelling, pillar spalling, and air blasts. It was found that roof blasting is subjected to the nature of local roof falls, results of strata monitoring studies, and the hanging span of roof strata near the line of extraction. Efforts have been made to design different geotechnical elements and structures involved during the mechanized depillaring panel of the Tawa-I mine, using empirical methods to minimize the issues of roof overhang in the goaf. Numerical simulation studies were also performed to validate the design predicted by empirical methods. The Cavability Index indicated that the roof at Tawa-I mine is difficult to cave. To address this, roof blasting design strategies have been discussed to promote caving and minimize roof overhang, ensuring safe and efficient strata control while operating CMT in the challenging and complex geo-mining conditions of the mine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Blasting Technology for Mining)
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19 pages, 6972 KiB  
Article
Blasting of Unstable Rock Elements on Steep Slopes
by Marco Casale, Giovanna Antonella Dino and Claudio Oggeri
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(2), 712; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15020712 - 13 Jan 2025
Viewed by 786
Abstract
The improvement of safety conditions on hazardous rock slopes in civil work, mining and quarrying, and urban environments can be achieved through the use of explosives for the removal of unstable rock elements and final profiling. This technique is often applied because, in [...] Read more.
The improvement of safety conditions on hazardous rock slopes in civil work, mining and quarrying, and urban environments can be achieved through the use of explosives for the removal of unstable rock elements and final profiling. This technique is often applied because, in most cases, drill and blast operations, where they can be used, are cheaper and faster than other techniques and require fewer subsequent maintenance interventions. Blasting represents a suitable and effective solution in terms of different geometries, rock formation types, access to site, safety, and the long-term durability of results. The primary purpose of this approach is the improvement of the safety conditions of sites, depending on their local features, as well as the safety of workers, so that the blasting scheme, geometry, and firing can be carefully adapted, thus imposing relevant limitations on the operating techniques. All these constraints associated with complex logistics make it difficult to standardize the demolition technique, due to different situations in terms of extension, location, fracturing state, and associated traffic risk. Considering the significant number of influencing factors for both the rock mass features and for the topography, the present research has been necessarily validated through the analysis of several case histories, thus on an experiential basis focusing on some simple control parameters to help engineers and practitioners regarding the first design and control of blasting schemes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Blasting Technology for Mining)
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Review

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17 pages, 1632 KiB  
Review
A Comprehensive Review of the Influence of Sensitizers on the Detonation Properties of Emulsion Explosives
by Andrzej Maranda, Dorota Markowska, Bożena Kukfisz and Weronika Jakubczak
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(5), 2417; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15052417 - 24 Feb 2025
Viewed by 502
Abstract
Emulsion explosives are extensively utilized in the global mining industry due to their superior water resistance, high safety standards, cost-efficiency, and robust performance. The basic component of these explosives is a water-in-oil emulsion matrix, which, in its initial state, lacks the capacity for [...] Read more.
Emulsion explosives are extensively utilized in the global mining industry due to their superior water resistance, high safety standards, cost-efficiency, and robust performance. The basic component of these explosives is a water-in-oil emulsion matrix, which, in its initial state, lacks the capacity for detonation. The sensitization process, achieved through either physical or chemical means, is a critical step that enhances the emulsion’s sensitivity to detonation, thereby improving its operational efficiency in blasting applications. This review presents a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the current scientific literature and experimental investigations concerning the impact of key sensitizing methods and agents on the detonation characteristics of emulsion explosives. Particular emphasis is placed on the classification of sensitizers, their physicochemical properties, and their interactions with the emulsion matrix. By examining various sensitization mechanisms, this study provides insights into the role and efficacy of both established and emerging sensitizing agents. The findings of this review highlight the pivotal role of sensitizer selection in defining the detonation performance of emulsion explosives, with implications for enhancing safety standards and ensuring the protection of both industrial operations and public safety. The most optimal sensitization method is chemical, utilizing cost-effective components that generate gas bubbles within the matrix. A key advantage is the in situ production of emulsion explosives, which eliminates the need for their transport on public roads, thereby enhancing safety and reducing the risk of terrorist threats. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Blasting Technology for Mining)
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