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Soil–Water–Plant–Atmosphere Interactions and Processes: Bioengineering of Slopes

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Civil Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 October 2025 | Viewed by 1197

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
School of Computing and Engineering, University of West London, London W5 5RF, UK
Interests: soil engineering

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Vegetation use has the potential to offer a more ecologically sound, cost-efficient, and visually appealing approach to slope stabilisation. However, current practices mainly prioritise using vegetation for aesthetic purposes and erosion control, disregarding the engineering functions of plant roots in the scientific analysis and design of slope stability. This disregard is largely attributable to a lack of comprehension of the intricate interrelations and processes involving soil, water, plants, and the atmosphere. The slope-stabilizing functions of plants can be mainly categorised into three groups: mechanical reinforcement, hydrological reinforcement, and interception. Regardless of the plant species, finer roots enhance the slope's shear strength by establishing a complex fibrous network, while larger roots typically penetrate deeply and function as anchorage elements. Mechanical reinforcement also encompasses soil aggregation due to root growth and the secretion of cohesive enzymes known as mucilage. Hydrological reinforcement occurs through water removal from the soil via transpiration, influencing the soil's water characteristics and permeability. The interception function primarily relates to soil erosion, debris damping, and interception. Moreover, understanding the behaviour of vegetated slopes under extreme climate change scenarios, such as flooding, drought, or fire, is crucial in integrating vegetation into the engineering design of slopes. Additional research gaps in this context include plantation strategies, vegetation maintenance, and real-time monitoring, as well as the nature-based modification of soil properties. Developing numerical models for vegetated slope stability analysis involving complex soil–water–plant–atmosphere interactions is also challenging and requires further research.

Dr. Muhammad Naveed
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • slope stabilisation
  • soil–water–plant–atmosphere interactions
  • soil mechanical characteristics
  • soil hydraulic characteristics
  • vegetation strategy
  • numerical analysis

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 40617 KiB  
Article
Application of Lignin for Slope Bioengineering: Effect on Soil Improvement and Plant Growth
by Ivan Gratchev, Qianhao Tang, Stephen Akosah and Jun Sugawara
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(8), 4173; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15084173 - 10 Apr 2025
Viewed by 208
Abstract
This study aims to establish whether lignin-treated soils could result in greater soil strength and stimulate seed germination and growth, which can be essential for slope bioengineering. Three different soil types with a range of plasticity were treated with lignin solutions of 1% [...] Read more.
This study aims to establish whether lignin-treated soils could result in greater soil strength and stimulate seed germination and growth, which can be essential for slope bioengineering. Three different soil types with a range of plasticity were treated with lignin solutions of 1% and 3%. The changes in soil strength and seed growth were observed for 40 days to simulate the long-term field performance. Two methods to treat the soils were employed: Method 1 involved mixing lignin solutions with the whole soil sample, while Method 2 involved spraying the lignin solutions on the already-prepared soil sample. The results indicated that the lignin concentration and the soil treatment method could affect soil strength, whereas soils treated with 3% lignin solution using Method 1 consistently produced greater soil strength values. The lignin-treated soils were able to retain more moisture at the end of the experiment than the untreated soils. Both lignin-treated and untreated soils produced similar results on seed germination and growth, suggesting that lignin does not have a negative effect on slope bioengineering. Full article
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17 pages, 14357 KiB  
Article
Model Test of Dynamic Response of Living Poles Slope Under Train Loads
by Xueliang Jiang, Zihao Wang, Hui Yang and Haodong Wang
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(23), 11355; https://doi.org/10.3390/app142311355 - 5 Dec 2024
Viewed by 686
Abstract
Live stump-supported slopes are an environmentally friendly form of support that utilizes the powerful anchoring and reinforcing effects of deep-rooted plants to enhance slope stability. In order to ensure the safety and stability of embankment slopes during their service life, it is necessary [...] Read more.
Live stump-supported slopes are an environmentally friendly form of support that utilizes the powerful anchoring and reinforcing effects of deep-rooted plants to enhance slope stability. In order to ensure the safety and stability of embankment slopes during their service life, it is necessary to carry out research on the dynamic characteristics and stability of live stump slopes under train vibration loading. In this study, a large-scale indoor dynamic loading model test with a geometry of 1:7 was carried out on the live stump slope of a ballasted passenger railroad track to explore the attenuation characteristics of additional dynamic stresses, the dynamic displacement response law of the slope surface and the stress response characteristics of the live stumps, and to further investigate the influence of the live stumps on the stability of the slope under the dynamic loading. The results are as follows. (i) Additional dynamic stresses decayed at the bed surface and bed floor at a greater rate than the embankment body, and were significantly affected by dynamic loading when the vertical depth was less than 0.89 m. (ii) The dynamic displacement of the foundation bed is larger than that of the embankment body. The displacement response of the slope near the top and about 1/4 of the elevation of slope is the largest. (iii) The taproot of the living poles has many reverse bending points, and the bending moment of the taproot between the lateral roots shows the law of being larger on the top and smaller on the bottom. (iv) The slope facing has an amplifying effect on the vibration load of the train, and the farther away from the track, the smaller the amplifying effect. The research results have reference significance for the theoretical research and engineering application of living poles. Full article
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