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Applied Sciences
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Modelling and Simulation of Mechanical Properties for Additive Manufacturing Material
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Modelling and Simulation of Mechanical Properties for Additive Manufacturing Material

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Mechanical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2026 | Viewed by 3566

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Przemysław Strzelecki

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Guest Editor
Department of Mechanics and Computer Methods, Faculty of Mechanics Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Al. prof. S. Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Interests: fatigue; S-N curve; analytical methods; Weibull distribution; fatigue reliability
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Michał Stopel

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanics and Computer Methods, Faculty of Mechanics Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Al. prof. S. Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Interests: numerical methods in mechanical engineering; finite element method; dynamic loads; crash tests; road safety; unmanned aerial systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Maciej Kotyk

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanics and Computer Methods, Faculty of Mechanics Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Al. prof. S. Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Interests: fracture mechanics; experimental analysis; reduced temperatures
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Joamin Gonzalez-Gutierrez

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Guest Editor
Department of Materials Research and Technology, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, L-4940 Hautcharage, Luxembourg
Interests: additive manufacturing; functional composites; polymer processing; polymer recycling; stimuli-responsive polymers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ricardo Branco

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal
Interests: fatigue behavior; additive manufacturing; multiaxial fatigue; damage accumulation; notch effect; low-cycle fatigue
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Additive manufacturing is widely used in prototyping and low-volume production due to its flexibility and efficiency. This technology offers several significant advantages, such as the ability to manufacture intricate geometries that would be challenging or impossible with traditional methods. Additionally, AM produces minimal material waste compared to conventional manufacturing, making it more environmentally friendly, and it enables the rapid production of new parts, which is crucial for accelerating design cycles and innovation.

However, despite these benefits, additive manufacturing has notable limitations. One of the key challenges is that components produced through additive manufacturing often exhibit inferior mechanical properties when compared to those manufactured using traditional techniques, such as casting or forging. These shortcomings can include reduced strength, toughness, or fatigue resistance, which are critical for ensuring the long-term durability and performance of parts. The anisotropic nature of additive manufacturing materials, where properties vary depending on the build direction, further complicates their behavior under mechanical loads.

Given these concerns, it is essential to model and simulate how the mechanical properties of additive manufacturing materials differ from the base materials used in their production. By understanding these variations, researchers and engineers can better predict the performance of parts made with additive manufacturing methods in real-world applications and develop strategies to enhance their properties, ensuring their suitability for more demanding industrial applications.

We invite researchers to contribute to the Special Issue on "Modelling and Simulation of Mechanical Properties for Additive Manufacturing Material". This Special Issue aims to present the latest findings on the structural, mechanical, and fatigue or fracture properties of components produced via AM. Contributions may cover a wide range of topics, including but not limited to numerical simulations, experimental investigations, material characterization, and optimization of AM processes. We encourage submissions that explore how the unique characteristics of materials used in additive manufacturing influence their mechanical performance and offer insights into improving their reliability and applicability in various fields.

Dr. Przemysław Strzelecki
Dr. Michał Stopel
Dr. Maciej Kotyk
Dr. Joamin Gonzalez-Gutierrez
Dr. Ricardo Branco
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • additive manufacturing
  • mechanical property
  • fatigue property
  • analytical model
  • numerical simulation
  • failure analysis
  • structural integrity

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 1903 KB  
Article
The Durability of 3D-Printed Furniture Connectors Made from Different Materials
by Mirko Kariž, Rostand Moutou Pitti, Juliette Dominique Thevenet and Manja Kitek Kuzman
Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(8), 4016; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16084016 - 21 Apr 2026
Viewed by 185
Abstract
The use of 3D-printed parts is becoming increasingly widespread, including in the furniture industry. Furniture products are subjected to various loads during use. Therefore, it is important to know their maximum allowable static loads and their maximum allowable cyclic loads, which are lower [...] Read more.
The use of 3D-printed parts is becoming increasingly widespread, including in the furniture industry. Furniture products are subjected to various loads during use. Therefore, it is important to know their maximum allowable static loads and their maximum allowable cyclic loads, which are lower and depend on design and material properties. In this study, simple 3D FFF printed connectors intended as shelf connectors and made of three different materials (ABS, PLA, Wood–PLA) were subjected to different forces under static and cyclic loading until failure. Connectors made of ABS withstand the highest static load (346 N), followed by connectors made of PLA (195 N) and Wood–PLA (136 N). The fatigue behaviour of the tested connectors also depended on the material used. Connectors made of ABS exhibit the highest static load, but the stresses must be significantly lower under cyclic loading. For example, connectors made of ABS can withstand 50,000 cycles with a load of less than 25% of their maximum static load, while connectors made of PLA can withstand the same number of cycles with a load of 44% of their maximum static load. Connectors made of Wood–PLA achieved 50,000 cycles at a load of 63% of their maximum load. PLA and Wood–PLA were more durable relative to their maximum strength, even though ABS could carry heavier absolute loads. These findings could support the design of material-efficient furniture connectors with respect to their expected maximum loads and required durability; however, the results should be interpreted as preliminary and indicative of comparative trends rather than statistically validated fatigue data. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modelling and Simulation of Mechanical Properties for Additive Manufacturing Material)
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23 pages, 4632 KB  
Article
Multi-Objective Optimization of PLA Biopolymer FDM 3D Printing for Improved Impact Strength, Surface Quality and Production Efficiency via Grey Relational Analysis
by Karla Antunović, Ivan Peko, Nikša Čatipović and Jure Krolo
Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(4), 1871; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16041871 - 13 Feb 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 459
Abstract
This study investigates the influence of layer height, infill density, and the number of perimeters on the FDM 3D printing performance of PLA, a biodegradable and renewable biopolymer. The primary objective is to identify parameter settings that simultaneously maximize impact strength and production [...] Read more.
This study investigates the influence of layer height, infill density, and the number of perimeters on the FDM 3D printing performance of PLA, a biodegradable and renewable biopolymer. The primary objective is to identify parameter settings that simultaneously maximize impact strength and production efficiency, quantified through filament usage and printing time. In addition, 3D surface profilometry was employed as a non-destructive characterization method to evaluate surface roughness, assess its dependence on process parameters, and establish correlations with destructive impact strength testing. Experimental work was conducted using a Taguchi L9 orthogonal array, and regression-based mathematical models were developed to quantify the effects of individual parameters on the analysed responses. Finally, Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) was applied to perform multi-objective optimization and determine parameter combinations that jointly enhance mechanical durability, surface quality, and production efficiency. The results provide a clear set of manufacturing parameter settings that satisfy both destructive and non-destructive performance criteria while ensuring resource-efficient production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modelling and Simulation of Mechanical Properties for Additive Manufacturing Material)
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17 pages, 1278 KB  
Article
Optimizing Printing Temperature and Post-Curing Time for Enhanced Mechanical Property and Fabrication Reproducibility of 3D-Printed Dental Photopolymer Resins
by Ji-Min Lee, Keunbada Son and Kyu-Bok Lee
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(21), 11552; https://doi.org/10.3390/app152111552 - 29 Oct 2025
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1227
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effects of printing temperature and post-curing duration on double-bond conversion (DBC), mechanical properties, and fabrication reproducibility of three dental photopolymer resins used for fixed dental prostheses (FDPs), denture bases, and direct clear aligners. Specimens were fabricated using [...] Read more.
This study aims to evaluate the effects of printing temperature and post-curing duration on double-bond conversion (DBC), mechanical properties, and fabrication reproducibility of three dental photopolymer resins used for fixed dental prostheses (FDPs), denture bases, and direct clear aligners. Specimens were fabricated using stereolithography and masked stereolithography three-dimensional (3D) printers at room temperature (RT, 28 °C) and 50 °C, then subjected to six post-curing durations: 0, 60, 120, 180, 240, and 600 s. DBC was measured using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and tensile strength was measured using tensile testing. Furthermore, fabrication reproducibility for clinical applicability was analyzed using root mean square deviations from 3D scanning. Printing at 50 °C significantly improved the DBC, tensile strength, and fabrication reproducibility of FDP and denture base resins compared to printing at RT, enabling shorter post-curing times (p < 0.001). Clearer aligner resin specimens printed at 50 °C and post-cured for 120 s exhibited the highest fabrication reproducibility (p < 0.001), while tensile strength did not differ significantly from that of RT specimens post-cured for 240 s (p > 0.05). These findings suggest that optimizing printing temperature and post-curing time enhances the mechanical properties and fabrication reproducibility of 3D-printed dental materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modelling and Simulation of Mechanical Properties for Additive Manufacturing Material)
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17 pages, 13766 KB  
Article
Reduction in Reflection Signal Losses in Complex Terahertz Optical Elements Through Tailored Oil Application
by Mateusz Kaluza, Adrianna Nieradka, Mateusz Surma, Wojciech Krauze and Agnieszka Siemion
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(20), 11167; https://doi.org/10.3390/app152011167 - 17 Oct 2025
Viewed by 864
Abstract
In complex terahertz (THz) systems, multiple optical elements are often combined to achieve advanced functionalities. However, unwanted Fresnel reflections at their interfaces and between components lead to parasitic interference effects and signal losses. This study presents oil-based refractive-index-matching fillers integrated with additively manufactured [...] Read more.
In complex terahertz (THz) systems, multiple optical elements are often combined to achieve advanced functionalities. However, unwanted Fresnel reflections at their interfaces and between components lead to parasitic interference effects and signal losses. This study presents oil-based refractive-index-matching fillers integrated with additively manufactured assemblies to suppress Fresnel reflections and enhance overall optical system performance. The optical properties of 20 plant-based, synthetic, and mineral oils were investigated using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz TDS). Furthermore, a multilayer structure was designed and experimentally verified, fabricated via fused deposition modeling (FDM) using highly transparent cyclic olefin copolymer (COC). The results demonstrate that the use of tailored oils reduces Fresnel reflection signal losses and also mitigates parasitic interference within the system, thereby improving the effective efficiency of the optical system. Additionally, THz TDS measurements on multilayer structures revealed that, in imaging configurations, the application of refractive-index-matched oils increases the signal gain by 2.33 times. These findings highlight the potential of oil-based index-matching fillers for imaging multilayered objects and mitigating delamination effects in optical elements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modelling and Simulation of Mechanical Properties for Additive Manufacturing Material)
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