Exploring Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2025 | Viewed by 3317

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
Interests: oxidative stress; cardiometabolic diseases; ageing; lipoprotein metabolism; drug metabolism; geroprotectors

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
Interests: natural compounds; oxidative stress; inflammation; metabolic disease; diabetes; aging
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

For forty decades, the concept of oxidative stress has remained an important focus of interest in biomedical research, and limiting oxidative stress intensity became a cutting-edge therapeutic goal of pharmaceutical research. This imbalance in redox homeostasis and the consequent oxidative damage accumulation in macromolecules has been considered as a cause of cellular impairment, being associated with numerous risk factors of several diseases, with age-related pathological conditions as well as with normal ageing. This continuous interest in oxidative stress is also highlighted by the development of new molecules, such as dimethyl fumarate, that act through signalling pathways modulating redox homeostasis (e.g., Nrf2) and that are used as targeted therapy against severe diseases (multiple sclerosis).

In this Special Issue, the main emphasis will be on the relevance of oxidative stress biomarkers assessed under specific physiopathological/toxicological situations such as metabolic dysregulations (dyslipidaemia, chronic hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinaemia, hyperuricaemia), intoxications, or environmental exposure to harmful agents (cigarette smoking, pollutants, UV and ionizing irradiation). This approach is necessary since redox imbalance pathways and oxidative stress biomarkers are studied extensively and considered as new targets in prevention, diagnosis and therapy for cardiometabolic diseases (cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and obesity), neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, inflammation, and also as candidate biomarkers in evaluating the human biological age.

We invite investigators to contribute with critical reviews and original research articles concerning the most recent advances in the study of oxidative stress biomarkers which emerged as relevant tools for the investigation and diagnosis of oxidopathies and for monitoring the efficiency of antioxidant therapies in clinical samples or experimental models.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Lipid and lipoprotein oxidation markers;
  • Protein oxidation and glycoxidation;
  • Protein carbonylation, nitration and chlorination;
  • Protein glutathionylation;
  • DNA/RNA oxidative damage;
  • Enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defence;
  • Antioxidant status/properties;
  • Redox cellular/molecular pathways.

Prof. Dr. Daniela Gradinaru
Prof. Dr. Denisa Marilena Margină
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • oxidative and nitrosative stress
  • AGEs—advanced glycation end-products
  • lipid peroxidation
  • nitrotyrosine
  • glutathione
  • 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine
  • inflammation
  • cardiometabolic risk
  • cancer
  • neurodegeneration
  • nanoparticles
  • xenobiotic
  • antioxidant
  • ageing
  • advanced therapies

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 16827 KiB  
Article
Selenium-Binding Protein 1-Deficient Dendritic Cells Protect Mice from Sepsis by Increased Treg/Th17
by Xin Zhang, Shuang Han, Zhu Zeng, Jie Dai and Yi Jia
Antioxidants 2025, 14(4), 468; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14040468 - 14 Apr 2025
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Abstract
Selenium-binding protein 1 (SELENBP1) has been implicated in cancer development, neurological disorders, tissue injury, metabolic regulation, and cell differentiation. Sepsis is characterized prominently by immunological dysregulation and severe organ damage. However, whether SELENBP1 improves sepsis by regulating immune cell activity remains unknown. Here, [...] Read more.
Selenium-binding protein 1 (SELENBP1) has been implicated in cancer development, neurological disorders, tissue injury, metabolic regulation, and cell differentiation. Sepsis is characterized prominently by immunological dysregulation and severe organ damage. However, whether SELENBP1 improves sepsis by regulating immune cell activity remains unknown. Here, we detected an elevation of SELENBP1 levels in the blood of sepsis patients and in the livers of septic mice. Significantly, SELENBP1 knockout (KO) prolonged survival in septic mice. This phenomenon was accompanied by decreased liver damage, reduced inflammation levels, and an increased regulatory T cell/T helper 17 cell (Treg/Th17) ratio in the spleen. Additionally, SELENBP1 deficiency induced a redox imbalance and inhibited dendritic cell (DC) maturation, resulting in a tolerogenic DC (tolDC) phenotype and an increase in the Treg/Th17 ratio. Furthermore, SELENBP1-KO mature DCs (mDCs) alleviated liver injury by increasing the Treg/Th17 ratio in the spleen, thus improving the survival of septic mice. These findings indicate that SELENBP1 is involved in sepsis by regulating DC immune activity, which might provide a potential way for sepsis treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease)
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14 pages, 1512 KiB  
Article
Pattern of Expression of Genes Involved in Systemic Inflammation and Glutathione Metabolism Reveals Exacerbation of COPD
by Ingrid Oit-Wiscombe, László Virág, Kalle Kilk, Ursel Soomets and Alan Altraja
Antioxidants 2024, 13(8), 953; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13080953 - 6 Aug 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1234
Abstract
To test the hypothesis that they serve as systemic biomarkers of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), we profiled the mRNA expression of enzymes connected to systemic inflammation and GSH metabolism in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). These were taken from patients displaying acute [...] Read more.
To test the hypothesis that they serve as systemic biomarkers of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), we profiled the mRNA expression of enzymes connected to systemic inflammation and GSH metabolism in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). These were taken from patients displaying acute exacerbation of COPD (AE-COPD) and stable COPD, and also from non-obstructive smokers and non-smokers. The expression of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 was increased, but that of histone deacetylase 2 was decreased in association with AE-COPD. The expression of modulatory subunit of glutamyl–cysteine ligase was higher and that of its catalytic subunit, together with the expression of dipeptidyl peptidase 4, was lower in COPD patients compared with non-obstructive smokers and non-smokers. Leukotriene A4 hydrolase saw increased expression in patients with COPD according to disease severity compared to non-obstructive individuals, whereas the expression of GSH peroxidase increased in non-obstructive smokers and COPD patients with the growing number of pack-years smoked. The results corroborate COPD and its acute exacerbation as a complex systemic disorder demonstrating distinct associations with the expression of enzymes linked to inflammation and the regulation of GSH metabolism. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease)
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Review

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21 pages, 948 KiB  
Review
Overview of Oxidative Stress in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
by Ancuta Lupu, Gabriela Stoleriu, Alin Horatiu Nedelcu, Sara Nadeea Perju, Cristina Gavrilovici, Ginel Baciu, Cristina Maria Mihai, Tatiana Chisnoiu, Ionela Daniela Morariu, Ecaterina Grigore, Shwan Karwan Shawais, Delia Lidia Salaru, Ninel Revenco and Vasile Valeriu Lupu
Antioxidants 2025, 14(3), 303; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14030303 - 1 Mar 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1000
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that is frequently diagnosed in female patients, caused by multiple interacting factors. It has a complex pathogenesis which can affect almost any organ, from the kidneys to the cardiovascular, pulmonary, neurological, osteoarticular, and hematological systems. [...] Read more.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that is frequently diagnosed in female patients, caused by multiple interacting factors. It has a complex pathogenesis which can affect almost any organ, from the kidneys to the cardiovascular, pulmonary, neurological, osteoarticular, and hematological systems. The present narrative review seeks to elucidate the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the pathogenesis of SLE. The central question guiding this study is to what extent these serum protein modifications correlate with disease activity and organ damage in SLE. It is characterized by the decreased apoptosis and increased necrosis of T cells and the NETosis of granulocytes. Given the impact of an SLE diagnosis on one’s life, this narrative review aims to evaluate the intricacies of oxidative stress and its relevance to the pathogenesis and treatment of the disease. Topics such as understanding processes of oxidative stress, their damaging pathways, oxidative stress biomarkers, and their role in the future assistance of clinical decisions will be discussed in the article. The accurate determination of biomarkers is taught to improve both the diagnosis and the management of the disease, while antioxidant therapy may open a new door for the treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease)
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